• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2007

Statement of problems: There are few studies which reported the survival rates of the specific dental implant systems in the Korean population with the follow-up periods longer than 5 years. Purpose: This retrospective clinical study was aimed to evaluate cumulative survival rate (CSR) of $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants followed for 10 years and to determine risk factors for implant failure. Material and methods: A total of 271 $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants in 83 patients were investigated with several identified risk factors. Life table analysis was undertaken to examine the CSR. Cox regression method was conducted to assess the association between potential risk factors and overall CSR. Results: Thirty implants failed. The 10-year implant CSR was 82.5%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant predictive association between overall CSR and implant length (P<.05). Conclusion: An acceptable long-term result of $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant was achieved and implant length showed a significant association with the CSR.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.458-470
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• 2004

Statement of problem: Br${\aa}$nemark or ITI are two currently most widely used implant systems but with contrasting design, surgical and restoration methods. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare changes and its statistical significance in bone height and shape which may rise due to the differences between two implant systems. Also to analyse the effect of inter-implant distance on annual bone height changes. Material & Method: Those patients who were treated with two or more of either Br${\aa}$nemark or ITI implants at posterior mandibular area at Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Implant Clinic were selected. At annual examination appointments, standardised radiographs using parallel technique were taken. Marginal bone and inter-implant crestal bone changes were measured and following results were obtained. Results: 1) When ITI and Br${\aa}$nemark system were compared, both annual marginal and inter-implant crestal bone height changes in ITI system in the first two years were smaller than Br${\aa}$nemark and they were statistically significant. On the third year, however, there was no statistical difference between two implant systems on their annual bone level changes (p>0.05). 2) The Marginal and inter-implant crestal bone changes were compared when inter-implant distance was less than 4mm. Statistically significant bone level changes were noted on the first year only for ITI implants but in the first and second year for Br${\aa}$nemark implants (p>0.05). 3) When comparing angulation changes between marginal bone and implant fixture, ITI system had smaller angulation changes but the annual changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that Br${\aa}$nemark implant systems had more changes in marginal and inter-implant crestal bone level in the first and second year after loading with statistical significance. Further studies are recommended to see the effects of these bone loss during the first and second year after loading on the long term prognosis of Br${\aa}$nemark Implants.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.609-621
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• 2005

1. 목적 Osteotome 상악동거상술(Bone Added Odteotome Sinus Floor Elevation ; 이하 BAOSFE) 과 동시에 식립한 임프란트($Br{\aa}nemark$, ITI)의 예상 생존율에 대해 현재까지 정확히 알려진 바는 없었으며, $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite 과 ITI SLA 임프란트의 표면에 대한 비교 연구 또한없었다. 이번 연구는 BAOSFE 술식과 동시에 식립한 $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite 과 ITI SLA 임프란트의 임상 결과를 비교, 평가하고 초기 치유기간 동안의 이식골 높이의 변화를 방사선학적으로 관찰하여 두 가지 임프란트 시스템을 비교해 보고자 한다. 2. 방법 위축된 상악 구치부를 갖는 22명의 환자를 대상으로, BAOSFE술식과동시에 $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite(11명, 13 임프란트)임프란트와 ITI SLA(11명, 18 임프란트)임프란트를 식립하였다. 수술 전, 임프란트 식립 직후, 술후 6개월의 파노라마 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 비교 및 평가에 사용하였다. 각 임프란트 시스템의 생존율을 측정하고, 술전 상악동저 높이와 식립된 임프란트 길이를 참고하여 이식골 높이의 방사선학적 변화를 평가하였다. 3. 결과 평균12개월의 추적기간 결과, $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite 임프란트의 생존율은 100%(13/13 임프란트)이었으며, ITI SLA 임프란트의 생존율은 94.4%(17/18 임프란트)이었다. 초기 치유 기간인 6개월 동안 평균 이식골 높이의 감소는 $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite 임프란트에서 0.67mm(10.73%), ITI SLA 임프란트에서는 0.55mm(8.18%)로 나타났다. 두 가지 임프란트 시스템 간의 유의성 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 4. 고찰 BAOSFE 술식과 동시식립한 $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite 과 ITl SLA 임프란트는 위축된 상악 구치부를 갖는 환자에서 효과적인 치료방법이 될 수 있으며, 임프란트 표면에 따른 이식골의 치유 반응은 두 가지 임프란트 시스템에서 유사한 양상으로 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to compare the cumulative survival rate (CSR) of Br${\aa}$nemark machined surface implants and TiUnite$^{TM}$ imlants and to analyze association between risk factors and the CSR of the implants. Materials and methods: A retrospective study design was used to collect long-term follow-up clinical data from dental records of 156 patients treated with 541 Br${\aa}$nemark machined and TiUnite$^{TM}$ implants at Korea University Guro hospital in South Korea from 1993 through 2008. Machined implant and TiUnite$^{TM}$ implant were compared by CSR. Exposure variables such as gender, systemic disease, location, implant length, diameter, prosthesis type, opposing occlusion type, date of implant placement, type of edentulous space, abutment type, existence of splinting with natural teeth, and existence of cantilever were collected. Life table analysis was undertaken to examine the CSR. Cox regression method was conducted to assess the association between potential risk factors and overall CSR (${\alpha}$=.05). Results: Patient ages ranged from 16 to 75 years old (mean age, 51 years old). Implants were more frequently placed in men than women (94 men versus 63 women). Since 1993, 264 Br${\aa}$nemark machined implants were inserted in 79 patients and since 2001, 277 TiUnite$^{TM}$ implants were inserted in 77 patients. A total survival rate of 86.07% was observed in Br${\aa}$nemark and Nobel Biocare TiUnite$^{TM}$ during 15 years. A survival rate of machined implant during 15 years was 82.89% and that of TiUnite$^{TM}$ implant during 5 years was 98.74%. The implant CSR revealed lower rates association with several risk factors such as, systemic disease, other accompanied surgery, implant location, and Kennedy classification. Conclusion: Clinical performance of Br${\aa}$nemark machined and TiUnite$^{TM}$ implant demonstrated a high level of predictability. In this study, TiUnite$^{TM}$ implant was more successful than machined implant. The implant CSR was associated with several risk factors.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.813-822
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• 2005

The predictable outcome of implant placement in the atrophic maxilla with sinus floor elevation procedure(osteotome sinus floor elevation technique and window opening technique) is well documented. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite implant system and ITI SLA implant system placed in the atrophic posterior maxilla with sinus floor elevation procedure. Eighty patients received placement of $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite implants(195 implants) in their atrophic posterior Maxilla with sinus floor elevation procedure(153 osteotome sinus floor elevation technique and 42 window opening procedure). Fifty patients received placement of ITI SLA implants(83 implants) in their atrophic posterior Maxilla with sinus floor elevation procedure(77 osteotome sinus floor elevation technique and 6 window opening procedure). Chart review were taken from each patient. The total failed implants were seven and the total implant survival rate was 96.4% in $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite system. The total failed implants were one and the total implant survival rate was 98.8% in ITI SLA system. The implant survival rate with osteotome technique was 96% and 97.6% with window opening in $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite system. The implant survival rate with osteotome technique was 98.7% and 100% with window opening. The implant survival rate with osteotome technique was 96% and 97.6% with window opening in ITI SLA system. The results of this evaluation show that the placement of $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite system as well as ITI SLA system is a reasonable treatment option for patients with the atrophic posterior maxillary area.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.70-84
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• 1996

This paper reports marginal bone loss around osseointegrated implants after loading in partially edentulous patients in dental hospital, Yonsei University. Two types of implants($Br{\aa}nemark^{TM},\;IMZ^{TM}$) were used. Through the digital measurement on periapical radiograph around 37 implants in human subjects, marginal bone loss was observed for 24 months after delivery of prostheses. The results were as follows; 1. According to experimental periods marginal bone loss in total implants was 1.775 mm at 12 months, 1.921 mm at 24 months after delivery of prostheses(p<0.05). 2. Marginal bone loss in the $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants was 1.831 mm at 12 months, 1.833 mm at 24 months after delivery of prostheses(p<0.05). 3. Marginal bone loss in the IMZ implants was 1.578 mm at 12 months, 2.907 mm at 23 months after delivery of prostheses(p<0.05). 4. During the first year after loading, the IMZ implants showed less marginal bone loss than the $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants but, during the next the $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants showed less than the IMZ implants(p>0.05). These results indicate that marginal bone loss around osseointegrated implants occurs within the first 12 months after delivery of prostheses and stabilizes thereafter, so it is necessary to be careful of using dental implants for the first year after delivery of prostheses.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.531-541
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness and bone formation around two types of threaded commercially pure titanium implants manufactured by two different companies. The test implants were manufactured by Sumin synthesis dental materials Co. (Avana, Busan, Korea), while the controls were manufactured by Nobel Biocare (MK II, Goteborg, Sweden). To compare bone formation adjacent to newly product implant with $Br{\aa}nemark$ MK II implant, surface roughness was measured by Accurate 1500M and histomorphometric analysis was done. The results were as follows: 1. Measurement of surface roughness showed that Avana implant had a slightly more irregular surface compared with $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant. 2. In the light microscopic studies, no infiltration of inflammatory cells nor the giant cells were observed on both groups. 3. In the light and fluorescent microscopic studies, the amount of osseointegration and the extent and the timing of bone formation were similar. 4. There were no statistically difference between two groups in the average bone to implant con-tacts. Branemark implant; 67% (SD 23%), Avana implant; 70% (SD 16%). Comparing with $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant, Avana implant made of CP grade II titanium showed similar good bone healing, formation and osseointegration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2007

CADIA(Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis) method is used to analyze bone density changes around the implants. The usefullness and reproducibility of the method was assessed. We tried to find out if there is any possibility to quantitiate and qualitify peri-implant bone density change as time passes. And we concluded that this newly developed linear analysis is efficient for analyzing peri-implant bone density change non-Invasively. In this study, 2152 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ fixtures installed from 1994 to 2002 in the department of Periodontics, Dental hospital of College of Dentistry, Yonsei University were included. Of these fixtures 22 radiographically analyzable failed fixtures were used as experimental group, and 22 successful implants placed in the same patient were used as control group. 1. 57 out of 1635 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ standard and Mk II implants system failed, the survival rate was 96.5%. And 11 out of 517 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ Mk III and Mk IV implants system failed, the survival rate was 97.9%. Total survival rate was 96.8%. 2. 22 failed implants were used for the analysis, 10 of which failed before prosthetic treatment due to infection and overheating. 12 failed due to overload after prosthetic treatment, 63.6% of which failed during the early phase of functional loading, i, e. before 1 year of loading. 3. Bone density change values around coronal region of the failed implants were $-6.54{\pm}6.35$, middle region were $-3.53{\pm}5.78$, apical region were $-0.75{\pm}10.33$, resulting in average of $-3.71{\pm}8.03$. 4. Bone density change values around coronal region of the successful implants were $4.25{\pm}4.66$, middle region were $6.33{\pm}5.02$, apical region were $9.89{\pm}4.67$, resulting in average of $6.27{\pm}5.29$. 5. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (p<0.01). In conclusion, the linear analysis method using computer-assisted densitometric image analysis could be a useful method for the analysis of implants, and could be used for future implant researchs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.463-476
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• 2001

Since the treatment of edentulous patients with osseointegrated implant was first introduced more than 30 years ago, implant therapy has become one of the most important dental treatment modalities today. Based on the previous experience and knowledge, $Br{\aa}nemark\;Novum^{(R)}$ protocol was introduced with the concept of simplifying surgical and prosthetic technique and reducing healing time recently. This protocol recommends the installation of three 5mm wide diameter futures in anterior mandible and the prefabricated titanium bars for superstructure fabrication. This study was designed to analyze the stress distribution at fixture and superstructure area according to changes of fixture number, diameter and superstructure materials. Four 3-dimensional finite element models were fabricated. Model 1 - 5 standard fixtures (13mm long and 3.75mm in diameter) & superstructure consisted of type IV gold alloy and resin Model 2- 3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter) & superstructure consisted of type IV gold alloy and resin Model 3-3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter) & superstructure consisted of titanium and resin Model 4-3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter) & superstructure consisted of titanium and porcelain A 150N occlusal force was applied on the 1st molar of each model in 3 directions - vertical($90^{\circ}$), horizontal($0^{\circ}$) and oblique($120^{\circ}$). After analyzing the stresses and displacements, following results were obtained. 1. There were no significant difference in stress distribution among experimental models. 2. Model 2, 3, 4 showed less amount of compressive stress than that of model 1. However, tensile stress was similar. 3. Veneer material with a high modulus of elasticity demonstrated less stress accumulation in the superstructure. Within the limites of this study, $Br{\aa}nemark\;Novum^{(R)}$ protocol demonstrated comparable biomechanical properties to conventional protocol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.705-718
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 6 years cumulative survival rate (CSR, %) of mandibular posterior single tooth implants replaced with $Br{\aa}nemark$ $TiUnite^{(R)}$ implant system. The findings from this study were as followed ; 1. The 112 (111 persons) single implants that were placed in the mandibular posterior region were successful except 4 cases and showed 96.42% CSR. 2. The 55 (55 persons) single implants that were placed in the mandibular first molar region were successful except 2 cases and showed 96.36% survival rate. And, among the 57 (56 persons) single implants replacing the mandibular second molar. 2. failed showing 96.49% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 3. Among the total 112 implants, 5.0mm wide diameter implants were placed in 96 cases(85.7%) showing 96.9% survival rate. 4.0mm standard diameter implants were placed in 16 cases showing 93.8% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 4. Long implants above 10.0mm length were placed 103 cases(91.0%) and showed 96.1% survival rate. Short implants within 8.5mm length were placed 9 cases and showed 100% survival rate. There was no significant statistical difference. 5. 37 implants placed in type I, II bone quality were showed higher survival rate(100%) than that of 52 implants placed in type III, IV bone quality(92.3%). But, there was no significant statistical difference. In conclusion, $Br{\aa}nemark$ $TiUnite^{(R)}$ implant showed successful results when replacing manbibular single molar.