• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2017

Building information modeling (BIM) technology based on 3D modeling has been applied to the entire domestic construction industry since 2010. It can calculate quantity take-off considering construction productivity at design phase. Based on this, it is possible to improve the reliability of construction cost prediction of design phase in the process of cost estimation. However, Building Information Level (BIL) defined by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Public Procurement Service does not seem to offer doable environment due to the lack of detailed application items. By calculating construction cost that meets Construction Cost Estimate Accuracy by American Association of Cost Engineers (AACE) through quantity take-off and cost estimation based on 3D modeling of BIM technology, a BIL improvement proposal at design phase for Mechanical Contracts and Construction is provided here. Results showed that properties including outline and minimum specification of the main equipment, internal main piping, and internal main duct should be defined from the intermediate design phase to have reliable cost estimation.

• 전기의세계
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1973

In this report, as a method to solve the problems on impulse insulation coordination in ribbon core transformer owing to it's BIL stepping up, new design to alter winding distribution of multiple-layer concentric winding to Convex type winding is proposed. The main focus of this method is to settle the weakness of axial direction insulation strength and as a result of theoretical analysis through experiment of model transformers, the following conclusions are obtained; (a) As the electric loadings in a design which increases by strengthenning axial direction insulation endurance in presently avarilable transformers owing to it's BIL stepping up can be restricted in Convex type winding, reasonable design will be suited to the transformer with higher BIL. (b) Convex type winding is a very improved insulation design in respect of insulation coordination because it has shield plate effect to even impulse oscillation. (c) There is a disadvantage to cause leakage flux to increase in Convex type winding, however, the constancy of electric loadings in a design in spite of BIL stepping up restricts the increase of leakage flux to some extent.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of participation in the 622 km hyper-ultra-marathon on hepatic metabolism and renal function in middle-aged men. Healthy middle-aged male amateur ultra-marathoners between the ages of 40 and 60. Blood was collected at the pre-race, immediately after 300 km, 622 km hyper-ultra marathon race, 72 hours (3 day) and 144 hours (6 day) after the race, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ${\gamma}$-GTP (gamma glutamyl transferase), T-Bil (total bilirubin), D-Bil (direct bilirubin), T-protein (total protein), albumin, uric acid, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinne were analyzed. ALP was significantly increased at 300 km, 622 km, day 3 and day 6 than the pre-race. ${\gamma}$-GTP, T-protein, albumin, uric acid, BUN and creatinine were not significantly different between the distances and the recovery period respectively. AST and ALT were significantly increased at 300 km, 622 km, day 3 and day 6 than the pre-race, respectively (P<0.05) at day 3 and day 6 they showed significant decrease from 300 km and 622 km, respectively (P<0.05). T-Bil and D-Bil increased significantly at 300 km and 622 km, respectively (P<.05) and significantly decreased at day 3 (P<0.05) compared to the pre-race, at day 3 and day 6 they were decreased significantly than 300 km and 622 km, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, no disturbance of renal function was observed according to the distances and between the recovery period of 622 km hyper-ultra marathon race, but reversible hepatocyte function could be degraded and some hemolysis of blood vessels was induced.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제7권
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

미소 반도체 $Bil_3$ 콜로이드의 광학적 비선형 굴절율을 원형 대칭 빛살을 사용한 Z 스캔 방법으로 측정하였다. 파장 $0.532\mum$, 펄스폭 20ns에서 비선형 굴절율은 주로 열적 요인에 의한 것이었으며, 그 크기는 -1.53 x $10^12($cm^2/W) 이었고, 비선형 흡수율 크기는 7.1 x $10^8$ (cm/W) 이었다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2018

FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)를 이용한 시스템 개발은 개발 시간 단축 및 비용 절감을 위해 제3자에게 아웃소싱하는 형태로 발전하고 있다. 이러한 과정에서 악의적인 기능 및 오작동을 유발하는 하드웨어 악성기능(Hardware Trojan)이 시스템에 유입될 위협 또한 증가하고 있다. 하드웨어 악성기능의 탐지를 위해 다양한 방법들이 제시되고 있으나 FPGA에 탑재되는 비트스트림을 직접 수정하는 형태의 하드웨어 악성기능은 기존에 제시된 방법으로 탐지하기 어렵다. 이러한 유형의 하드웨어 악성기능 탐지를 위해서는 비트스트림으로부터 구현된 회로를 식별 가능한 수준으로 역공학하는 과정이 필요하며, 회로를 구성하는 여러 요소 중 특히 신호의 입출력 흐름을 파악할 수 있는 연결 정보를 역공학하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 FPGA 비트스트림으로부터 연결 정보를 복구하는 도구인 BIL을 분석하고 이를 개선하기 위한 방법을 제시한다.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.5
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• 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is affective a large portion of the world population prompting the need for extensive healthcare resources such as lifelong dialysis or kidney transplantation. The beneficial effect of conventional therapy in controlling the CKD progression remains a challenge due to their relative efficacy, safety, and accessibility. On the other hand, Unani medicine provides a therapeutic regimen that consists of a combination of treatment from rehabilitation to herbal pharmacotherapy. Methods: Two cases of chronic kidney disease were treated with dietotherapy, regimenal therapy ('bukhoor aam') and oral herbal drugs for 2-3 weeks. Endpoints of evaluation were symptoms and signs of the CKD, kidney function test, urine albumin, urine RBC, hemoglobin and liver function test. Result: Notable improvement was observed in the endpoints. Conclusion: Unani treatment was observed preliminarily beneficial in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Rigorous pharmacological and clinical studies should be performed to warrant their efficacy and safety in CKD individuals.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1986

Plasma disappearance of amaranth (AM), a model compound of organic anionic drugs, was retarded by intravenous infusion of taurodeoxycholate (TDC), a representative bile acid, in the rat. Biliary excretion accounted for 30-60% of the systemic excretion of AM. AM seemed to be metabolised in the hepatocyte to form a compound that is excreted more rapidly into the bile than AM itself, considering apparent biliary clearance, $CL_{bil}$, is much larger than systemic clearance, $CL_s$. Decrease in $CL_{bil}$ by TDC infusion might be due to elevated plasma level rather than decreased biliary excretion of AM. Decreased distribution or urinary excretion of AM by TDC was supposed to be one of the probable reasons of elevated plasma level. Competitive inhibition between AM and TDC on tissue distribution and urinary excretion might explain the mechanism. The effect of TDC on the $CL_{bil}$ of methylene blue, a cationic dye, was quite different from that of AM, as reported previously by us. More intensive study would be necessary to elucidate the difference of biliary excretion between organic anions and cations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.281-284
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• 1998

닭와포자충에 감염된 닭에서 다른 병원체의 이차 침입에 대한 면역억제능을 입증하기 위하여 2일령 SPF 병아리에 $2{\times}10^6$의 닭와포자충 난포낭을 한 번에 경구투여한 다음 14일 후에 $1{\times}10^9$의 Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 부유액 0.3 ml를 근육주사하였다. 그 다음 3-6일 간격으로 36일간에 걸쳐 채혈한 후 평판응집반응으로 이 세균에 대한 면역반응을 관찰하였다. 전반적으로 감염군과 비감염군 모두 3일 후까지는 이 세균에 대한 혈청응집반응이 전혀 일어나지 않았으나 그 후 혈청응집역가는 비감염군에 비하여 감염군이 의의있게 낮았다 (P＜0.05). 세균 접종 15일 후 감염군과 비감염군에 있어서 최고 역가는 매우 의의있는 차이를 보였다 (P=0.0001). 한편, 진정대조군은 전 실험기간을 통하여 이 세균에 대한 혈청응집반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 연구결과 닭와포자충에 감염된 닭에서 미생물의 침입에 대한 면역반응이 억제됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

1979년 수원 작물시험장 포장에서 도열병에 심하게 이병된 ‘노풍’ 품종의 이병엽(짚)을 수거하여 도열병에 대한 품종 저항성을 유묘 검정하는데 접종원으로 사용하였다. 접종시외 온도 및 Water Stress 의 환경조건을 달리해 줌으로써, 공시품종의 도열병에 대한 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 이병엽(짚)을 접종원으로 사용하여 도열병에 대한 품종저항성을 검정하는 방법은 비교적 많은 품종 및 계통들을 일시에 조사할 경우 편리하게 이용될 수 있었다. 2. 고온조건(25^\circ C \sim 35^\circ C)에서보다 저온조건(15^\circ C \sim 28^\circ C)에서 공시품종들의 도열병 발병이 비교적 더 많았다. 그러나 온도에 따른 도열병 반응의 차이는 품종에 따라서 매우 상이하였다. Indica-Japonica hybrid 품종들은 대개 고온에서 발병이 더 급격하고 많았지만, Japonica 품종들은 대개 저온에서 발병이 많은 편이었다. 3. Water stress를 받지 않은 환경조건에서보다 일시적인 Water stress를 받은 환경수건에서, 공시품종들의 도열병 발병이 더 많았다. 품종의 Water stress에 따른 도열병 반응의 차이는 온도에 따른 품종간의 차이(품종과 온도의 interaction)에 비해서 적은 편이었다. 4. 저항성 품종들(Tetep, Zenith, Toride 1, 수원 288호 등)의 도열병에 대한 반응은 환경조건의 영향을 거의 받지 많았지만 중도저항성 품종들(신002, Kanto 51, 흑조, 아끼바레 등)은 환경조건의 영향을 많이 받았다. 이병성 품종들은 어떤 환경조건에서도 발병이 많았다. 5. 접종원으로 사용된 이병엽의 병원성은 Pi-\alpha 품종(‘애지욱’, ‘Ca1oro’) 및 Pi-$textsc{k}$ 품종(‘Kanto 51’), 통일계 신품종에 강한 병원성을 나타내었으나, ‘신002’, ‘Fukunishiki’, ‘진흥’ 등의 품종에 중도저항성 반응을 보였고, ‘농백’에는 병원성이 없었다. 국제판별 품종이나 일본신판별 품종으로써는 정확한 race 유별이 불가능했다. 각 환경수건에 따라 판별품종의 반응이 약관씩 다르게 나타났지만 대체로 blast nursery 성적과는 반응이 비슷하였다. 6. 정도 저항성 및 이병성으로 나타난 ‘Kanto 51’, ‘Yashiromochi’, ‘Ishikari-shiroke’ 등의 품종들에서는 접확후 병반형 및 병반수의 변이가 매우 심하였다. 급성형(이병성, PG형) 병반을 많이 형성하는 품종들(‘애지욱’, ‘Caloro’, ‘Norin 6’ 등)은 고도의 이병성이었고 저항성 품종들은 대개 병반이 없거나 저항성 병반(hypersensitivity 반응, b 혹은 bg 형)을 나타내었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.715-722
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of short-term use of Korean herbal medicine (KHM; prescribed herbal medicine by doctors of traditional Korean medicine) on liver function. Three hundred eighty four outpatients who took KHM for various conditions were enrolled for multi-center, prospective observational study. Of them 237 patients completed questionnaire and were checked liver function (aspartic aminotransferase;AST, alanine aminotransferase;ALT, alkaline phosphatase;ALP, total bilirubin;t-Bil, direct bilirubin;d-Bil, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase;GGT, protein and albumin) before and after taking KHM (duration; 21.4${\pm}$10.0 days), and data were analysed statistically. Of the 213 patients showing normal liver function test (LFT) at baseline, 209 (98.1%) remained within the normal range at the second test while 3 (1.4%) revealed slight increase of LFT. Only one subject had raised LFT regarding level of liver injury without perceived symptoms. Twenty-four of 237 patients were abnormal at baseline, and 16 at the second testing. Of the patients taking KHM, only 4 changed from normal to abnormal while 12 from abnormal to normal in their LFT. There were no significant increase in LFT level between the first and second test, except in the t-Bil level, however, the change of t-Bil was small and within normal range. The current study showed that the use of KHM did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.