• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2004

The supra molecular weight poly(〔R〕-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PH B), having a molecular weight greater than 2 million Da, has recently been found to possess improved mechanical properties compared with the normal molecular weight PHB, which has a molecular weight of less than 1 million Da. However, applications for this PHB have been hampered due to the difficulty of its production. Reported here, is the development of a new metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain and its fermentation for high level production of supra molecular weight PHB. Recombinant E. coli strains, harboring plasm ids of different copy numbers containing the Alcaligenes latus PHB biosynthesis genes, were cultured and the molecular weights of the accumulated PHB were compared. When the recombinant E. coli XL1-Blue, harboring a medium-copy-number pJC2 containing the A. latus PHB biosynthesis genes, was cultivated by fed-batch culture at pH 6.0, supra molecular weight PHB could be produced at up to 89.8 g/L with a productivity of 2.07 g PHB/L-h. The molecular weight of PHB obtained under these conditions was as high as 22 MDa, exceeding by an order of magnitude the molecular weight of PHB typically produced in Ralstonia eutropha or recombinant E. coli.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

For the maximum production of pullulan from glucose as a carbon source, the effects of glucose concentration, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on the cell growth and mass production of high-molecular weight pullulan by A. pullulans ATCC 42023 were evaluated. A. pullulans showed optimum pullulan productivity when glucose concentration was 0.3M (54g/L). And inhibitory effects on the cell growth and the pullulan production were observed at the glucose concentration higher than 0.3M (54g/L). The influence of pH control and dissolved oxygen on the pullulan production and growth of A. pullulans was studied. In shake-flasks, maximum pullulan production was obtained with $11.98g/{\ell}$ when initial pH was 6.5. In the batch fermentation, the maximum pullulan production of $13.31g/{\ell}$ was obtained with constant pH 4.5. And it was found that pullulan yield and synthesis rate increased with oxygen availability. For the production of commercially useful pullulan with high-molecular weight, a mixed carbon source, which was a mixture of glucose and glucosamine, was used for the pullulan fermentation with A. pullulans. On the basis of 5% mixed carbon source, culture with 3% glucosamine with 2% glucose was optimum condition for the production of high (M.W.> 1,000,000) and medium (M.W.> 200,000) molecular weight pullulan with considerable yields of cell mass and product. And the influence of pH control on the molecular weight of pullulan was studied in batch fermentation. It was found that the productivity of high-molecular weight pullulan with pH control at 6.5 was higher than that with no pH control.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition of body shape, the difference between self-evaluated obesity and obesity index of RBW, and attitude toward weight control of middle students. The questionnaires were completed by 195 male and 189 female students of liveing in Yongwol county. The average stature of the boys is 166.97$\pm$6.21cm, the girls is 158.13$\pm$5.83cm, and the average weight of the boys is 57.97$\pm$12.39kg, the girls is 52.88$\pm$8.35kg. 2. In the present body structure of them, the underweight structure is 6.0%, the normal weight structure is 87.2%, and the overweight structure is 6.7%. In the recognition of their own body structures, there are meaningful differences between boys and girls. 3. In the contentment degree of the present body structure of their own, the underweiht structure is much more satisfied with it.(p〈0.001) It shows a meaningful difference between boys and girls. 25.6% boys are satisfied with their own body structures, and 7.4% girls are satisfied with it.(p〈0.001) 4. In the interest degree about the weight's control, 87.1% is interested in it, it is lower in the underweight structure. 88.0% girls and 77.4% boys are interested in the weight's control. There is a meaningful difference between boys and girls, too.(p〈0.001) Each of the weight groups has differences in a experienced or experiencing for the weight's control. 5. The recognition degree of the present body structure showed the meaningful positive relation to the contentment degree of the present body structure and the weight's control.(p〈0.001)

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.591-601
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• 2012

Unstructured peer-to-peer (p2p) networks usually employ flooding search algorithms to locate resources. However, these algorithms often require a large storage overhead or generate massive network traffic. To address this issue, previous researchers explored the possibility of building efficient p2p networks by clustering peers into communities based on their social relationships, creating social-like p2p networks. This study proposes a social relationship p2p network that uses a measure based on Hebbian theory to create a social relation weight. The contribution of the study is twofold. First, using the social relation weight, the query peer stores and searches for the appropriate response peers in social-like p2p networks. Second, this study designs a novel knowledge index mechanism that dynamically adapts social relationship p2p networks. The results show that the proposed social relationship p2p network improves search performance significantly, compared with existing approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1608-1617
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• 2013

This study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a weight management program for overweight and obesity office workers; comparing their changes in the anthropometry, biochemistry, nutrient intakes, and exercise performance before and after the obesity management program. This program was performed on 39 workers, who are overweight or obese, over BMI 23 for 6 months in Jeollabuk-do public institution. As the results of this study suggests, triceps thickness (TT) of male subjects was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) of the total subjects were significantly decreased after the weight management program (P<0.05). The biochemical result of the Total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.01) was significantly decreased in male subjects. The results of abdominal computed tomography (CT) also showed that subcutaneous fat area (SFA) of male subjects was significantly decreased after the weight management program (P<0.01). The nutrient intake's results of female subjects, who took Fe, Vit B2, and niacin, were increased significantly after the weight management program (P<0.05). The nutrition knowledge score of male subjects was significantly increased (P<0.05), and a muscular endurance of the physical test was significantly increased after the obesity management program (P<0.01). At the work place, workers need a systemic health and obesity management program to improve their work efficiency and quality of life. After this study, the program should be developed and supported continuously to maintain positive results from this study.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the basis for the difference in sperm production of broiler breeders. Nine sexually mature Hubbard broiler breeder males, 35 weeks of age, were trained for two weeks for semen collection on alternate days by abdominal massage technique. Following the training, the breeder males were collected daily for five successive days. The males were then classified as low or high sperm producers. The mean body weights of individual males were also recorded on the basis of body weight at the start and end of the experiment. Immediately after last collection the males were slaughtered and testes biometry was determined. Daily sperm output of individual males varied from $0.21{\times}10^9\;to\;2.64{\times}10^9$ sperm. The daily sperm production of low sperm producer males was lower ($0.47{\pm}0.13\;vs.\;2.06{\pm}0.20{\times}10^9$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Testes weight of low sperm producer males was lower ($6.32{\pm}1.6\;vs.\;20.33{\pm}4.76\;gm$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Moreover the testis weight of high sperm producer males was 3.22 times higher than low sperm producer males. The average body weight of high sperm producer males was higher ($4,389{\pm}116.3\;vs.\;3,960{\pm}131.77\;gm$; P>0.05) than low sperm producer males. The correlation coefficients indicate significantly positive correlation of body weight (P<0.05) and testes weight (P<0.01) on semen volume, sperm concentration and daily sperm production.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2004

In a trial involving 72 pigs, the effects of market weight and gender on the carcass and pork quality characteristics were investigated. A total of 72 pigs were divided into 3 groups(95-104, 105-110 or 111-120kg), market weight was assigned to 2 gender group (gilt or boar). The carcass characteristics (carcass weight, backfat thickness or grades) were determined on those carcass, longissimus muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib and meat qualities were evaluated. The carcass weight and backfat thickness of pigs slaughtered at 111-120kg were increases than the other weights. The carcass grade of pigs slaughtered at 105-110kg had higher then at pigs slaughtered 94-104kg. Compared with boars, gilts carcass had higher in carcass weight and backfat fat. The pH$\_$u/, drip loss and cooking loss tended to similar for market weight and gender, meat of boars had higher shear force values than gilts (p＜0.05). The meat color tended to similar for market weight and gender. The total myoglobin content of gilts slaughtered at 95-104kg and boars slaughtered at 111-120kg had higher than the other weight and gender. The meat of gilts had higher springiness and brittleness than boars (p＜0.05). These results imply that the carcass characteristics (carcass weight and backfat thickness) could be affected by market weight and gender, meat of gilts was improved the shear force values and texture properties when compared to boars.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1501-1509
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• 2003

The simultaneous addition of xylanase (5,600 EXU/kg) and phytase (500 FTU/kg) feed enzymes to wheat-based broiler diets was investigated. Starter, grower and finisher diets, with three tiers of nutrient specifications, were fed to 1,440 broiler chicks kept on deep litter from 1-42 days post-hatch, without and with xylanase plus phytase, to determine the effects of diet type and enzyme supplementation on growth performance. The nutrient specifications of type A diets were standard; energy density and protein/amino acid levels were reduced on a least-cost basis to formulate type B diets and further reduced to type C diets. Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) levels were adjusted in supplemented diets. From 1-42 days post-hatch, diet type significantly influenced growth performance. Birds on type C diets had lower growth rates (2,429 vs. 2,631 g/bird; p<0.001), higher feed intakes (4,753 vs. 4,534 g/bird; p<0.005) and less efficient feed conversion (1.96 vs. 1.72; p<0.001) than birds offered type A diets. Enzyme supplementation increased growth rates by 3.2% (2,580 vs. 2,501 g/bird; p<0.005) and improved feed efficiency by 2.7% (1.80 vs. 1.85; p<0.05) over the entire feeding period. There were no interactions between diet type and enzyme supplementation. At 21 days, 5 out of 30 birds per pen were transferred to cages to ascertain treatment effect on apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen (N) retention. Xylanase plus phytase enhanced AME (13.48 to 13.91 MJ/kg DM; p<0.001) and N retention (56.3 to 59.7%; p<0.005). Carcass and breast weights of the caged birds were determined following commercial processing. Diet type significantly influenced breast weight, carcass weight and yield. Birds offered Type A diets, in comparison to Type C diets, supported heavier breast (467 vs. 424 g; p<0.001) and carcass weights (1,868 vs. 1,699 g; p<0.001) with superior carcass yields (71.8 vs. 70.6%; p<0.005). Enzyme addition increased carcass weight by 3.9% (1,752 vs. 1,821 g; p<0.005) and breast weight by 5.8% (431 vs. 456 g; p<0.01) without influencing yields. Feed ingredient costs per kg live weight gain and per kg carcass weight indicated that enzyme addition was economically feasible, where supplementation of Type A diets generated the most effective results. Importantly, soluble and total non-starch polysaccharide and phytate contents of the wheat used were typical by local standards. This study confirms the potential of supplementing wheat-based broiler diets with xylanase plus phytase but further investigations are required to define the most appropriate inclusion rates and dietary nutrient specifications in this context.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate whether the obesity or body image is a barrier to breast screening compliance in Korean women. Methods: We included 54,017 women aged between 35 to 70 years from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) 2014 dataset. To identify whether a mutual relationship exists between weight perceptions and breast cancer screening rates, the participants were divided into three groups according to the level of concordance between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a subjective body image. Descriptive analyses, a chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: After covariate adjustment, the screening rate of the overweight group was 1.09 times higher than the normal weight group (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.00-0.16; p= .038) and the severe obesity group was 1.20 times lower (OR, 0.83; CI, -0.36-0.00; p= .047). Weight misperception also had a significant influence on breast cancer screening. Especially, The overweight distortion group was less likely to undergo breast cancer screening (OR, 0.93; CI, -0.15-0.00; p= .037). Conclusion: Obesity and weight misperceptions are associated with lower compliance with breast cancer screening guidelines.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.507-514
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• 2021

Vector-valued Eisenstein series of weight 3/2 are often not holomorphic. In this paper we prove that, for an even lattice Ḻ, if there exists an odd prime p such that Ḻ is local p-maximal and the determinant of Ḻ is divisible by p2, then the Eisenstein series of weight 3/2 attached to the discriminant form of Ḻ is holomorphic.