• 제목/요약/키워드: $21^{st}$century

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대형 연구개발사업의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 21세기 프론티어연구개발사업을 중심으로 (Achievement Characteristic Analysis for Large Scale Government R&D Projects Focusing on 21st Century Frontier R&D Program)

  • 권재철;문종범;유왕진;이철규
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.185-202
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 정부의 대표적인 대형연구개발사업인 21세기 프론티어 연구개발 사업의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 향후 대형 연구개발 사업을 추진하는 정부 정책 결정자와 연구단 관계자에게 정책적인 시사점을 주는데 목적이 있다. 기존 대형연구개발사업의 프로그램에 대한 성과분석과 평가는 일부 있었지만, 연구주체, 연구유형, 연구기간, 연구 분야에 따른 성과 특성과 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이를 위해 교육과학기술부가 추진 중인 21세기 프론티어 연구개발 사업단 중 2010년과 2011년 사업단의 연구기간이 종료된 8개 사업단 과제 전체를 대상으로 정책요인별로 가설을 설정하였다. 사업을 수행한 연구주체의 소속(산업체, 대학, 출연연구소)에 따라 연구 성과에 차이가 있는지, 연구유형(기초, 응용, 개발)에 따라 성과에 차이가 있는지, 연구기간에 따라 성과에 차이가 있는지, 연구과제의 기술분야별로 성과에 차이가 있는지 등을 검증하였다. 연구 성과는 대학의 논문 성과가 출연연이나 산업체에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 산업체는 특허의 국외 출원과 등록이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 개발연구는 국내출원과 등록, 국외출원과 기술이전 계약의 성과가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 장기간(6년 이상)의 연구가 단기 연구보다 국내출원이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 대상 기술 분야(바이오, 나노, 에너지환경기술)별로도 연구 성과의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

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21세기 초 한국의 인구구조 및 질병양상 (Perspective on Population Characteristics and Health Problems of Koreans in 21st Century)

  • 김정순
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.175-185
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    • 1994
  • In order to anticipate disease pattern and health problems of Koreans in the 1st part of 21st century (by the year 2020), transition of population characteristics, mortality and morbidity data during the last 30 years Koreans have experienced were reviewed. On the actual basis of epidemiologic transition process that has undergone during last 30 years since 1960 along with socioeconomic development and successful implementation of selective national health policies (family planning, medical insurance and etc.), following changes can be expected in the 21st century in Korea, under the assumption that the current rate of progress is maintained. The population of South Korea alone will be doubled the population of 1960 by the year 2013 : aged Population older than 65 years will be increased from 3.3% in 1960 to 11.4% in 2020 with increased average age of the population from 23.6 year in 1970 to 39.2 year in 2020; urban population from 28% in 1960 to 83% in 2005. GNP/capita has increased tremendously from U.S. $120 in 1970 to $6,749 in 1992, and the government estimated it would be 519,350 in 2010 and $29,460 in 2020. Growth and developmental indices of children, educational achievement and social status of women also showed a remarkable improvement and anticipated to make futher progress. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity have shown a striking change during the last 30 years, from infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases and man-made injuries. Occurrence of communicable diseases may become minimal although viral hepatitis, venereal diseases Including AIDS, and well adapted herpes virus infections will maintain their endemic level. Newly evolving infectious agents, however, should be carefully monitored because of rapidly changing environments and human behaviours. Tuberculosis may increase up to the epidemic level when AIDS prevails. Ischemic heart diseases may increase steadily with increasing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus whereas cerebrovascular diseases may be decreased slowly. Musculaskeletal diseases which contribute a lot to the disability of aged people may be a major health problems due to increased aged population. Mental diseases, particularly that caused by alcohol and drug abuse, and senile dementia may become a prominent health problem. On the other hand injuries caused by traffic and industrial accidents that have shown most striking increase till now may be decreased considerably by intensive intervention. The health policies in the 21st century will be oriented to the health promotion for good quality life rather than life-savings.

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중소기업의 정책방안과 비전에 관한 연구 (A Study for Korea Small Business Enterprise Policy and Vision)

  • 허갑수
    • 경영과정보연구
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    • 제15권
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    • pp.109-145
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    • 2004
  • Upcoming 21st century, Management circumstance for a small and medium enterprise have been rapidly changed by Knowledge management, Informationization, Hi-technology. Changing from an era of small concept to strong concept, It will be a severe innovation period and can not survive with life as the same as the past, It is the era of best which mean only the best can survive, None of the average faculty can survive. Due to rapid proceeding of innovation of Informationization, It stimulate acceleration of technology innovation, infinity competition regardless the nation boarder, result in proceeding to Informationization. A small and medium enterprise is defined as smaller size of business than big business as point of capital, employee, output. It is concept, which usually used against concept of big business. When define a small and medium enterprise, criteria to determine a small and medium enterprise is depends on country and a category of business. However, In every country, A small and medium enterprise is getting be bigger and importance factor in whole industry. A small and medium enterprise is well developed and also well balanced with a large enterprise in the developed country. All around in the world, Interest about a small and medium enterprise is becoming higher. It is actively researching into a small and medium enterprise as the mean to create new employment, new industry, as means to from integration of a all and medium enterprise,as source of high competitive power. The status quo of rapid changing into informationization have been realized at considerable level in Korea. Information society is defined as information technology is main key to determine individuals competitiveness, which can solve effectively the side effect result from industrialization. It cleary imply that information technology is the most promising and important industry in 21st century. Therefore, We should seek to foster independent a small and medium enterprise and develop them corresponding to new concept of a small and medium enterprise in 21st century. The main frame of policy should be new economic system, which can contribute establishment of a small and medium enterprise, management innovation. It also attribute a small and medium enterprise to reveal their creative. New economic paradigm in 21st will be expanded with organization, market, technology. So far, a small and medium enterprise has been acknowledge as economic weaker and the one should be protected. However, In 21st century a small and medium enterprise will be considered as active majority or a source of creative. Development of technology to produce a small quantity with variety product and acceleration of knowledge and informationization will result in comparative merits of a small and medium enterprise. Hereby, The role and relative importance of a small and medium enterprise in our economic will getting be larger and It will be developed as the main force to activate the economic. However, Only a small and medium enterprise, which overcome difficulty with active desire and effort to improve their lot can be developed as a competitive enterprise in 21st century in considering themselves to be developed as diversity, active, independent, business by an enterprise.

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Nutrition for the 21st Century

  • 황인경
    • 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한예방의학회 2001년도 제53차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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    • pp.141-141
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    • 2001
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'Healthy Japan 21' : A New Perspective on Health Promotion Policy for Japan in the 21st Century

  • Hasegawa, Toshihiko
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.135-155
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    • 2005
  • 'Healthy Japan 21' is a new health policy that has been proposed for the 21st century: it embodies a totally new concept for its viewpoints and methods. To start with, for its goal, the focus is placed on the 'quality of life' or a life that is free of diseases, rather than mere prolongation of life. For its doctrine, the emphasis has shifted dramatically from improving the health of the entire population(the traditional approach for health improvement) to 'achieving an ideal health status for each individual. The ultimate aged society that arrives first in Japan is a society in its ultimate form for human being. Why did Japan become westernized, giving up her traditional culture? Why did she go through industrialization, sacrificing her nature? And why does she try so hard to industrialize the developing countries? These efforts are all preparation for the arrival of a ultimate aged society. During the 20th century, we believed in unlimited possibilities and expanded our social frontier. In the 21st century, on the other hand, a super-aged society(the ultimate society), a glimpse of which we have witnessed from time to time, will descend on us sooner or later. It is expected to arrive first in Japan. 'Healthy Japan 21' is intended to prepare for the arrival of the hitherto unheard of super-aged society by building the physiological basis of people. This policy is social experimentation on an immense social scale, in which questions are posed on the understanding of health, the relationship between individuals and society, the relationship between administration and citizens, the manner by which central and local governments operate, and the new relationship between prevention and therapy, 'Healthy Japan 21' may be summarized as an experiment on a huge scale directed to the ultimate form of human society, in which Japan and each of her citizens play a role and set an example for the rest of the world. Even just by considering various approaches newly suggested for this venture, one may be convinced that it is a policy with features suitable for a country that has already achieved the world's highest longevity.

새로운 과학기술정책의 모색 - 통합적 과학기술정책을 중심으로- (In Search of New Science & Technology Policy)

  • 이종민;박정수;황두희;정선양
    • 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국기술혁신학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.95-110
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    • 2005
  • Science & Technology(S&T) is the most important thing to attain competitiveness in the 21st century, Our traditional S&T policies have been focused on hardware infra structure. we should consider software of S&T to enhance effectiveness. S&T should be had a correct understanding method of the creation for S&T culture. It implies that S&T policy in the 21st century should consider nonmaterial factors which include social, human, environmental and culture. Under this background, The purpose of this paper is to seek new S&T policy in the 21st century. Therefor this paper deals with how we can prepare for the future S&T policy and classify the change of S&T policy of Korea and analyze the characteristic of each phase. This paper argues that all actors (for example, S&T personnel, corporate using S&T, general public) should participate in the process of S&T innovation since the 21st century is the generation of the general public S&T. Also this paper presented the expanded S&T policy Right S&T policy could leads to diffuse right S&T culture. Diffusing S&T culture could accomplish expanded S&T policy which was considered phases of culture and welfare.

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