• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2007

망간계 금속산화물을 이용한 저온 선택적 촉매 환원 반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 망간계 금속산화물은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 탈질 특성을 보인다. 온도에 따른 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 변화 실험을 통하여 미반응 암모니아의 배출은 몰비가 증가하고 온도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, $NO_2$의 발생은 반대의 현상을 보였다. $NO_2$는 NO가 촉매 표면에 흡착된 후 nitrate종으로 산화되어 생성되는 것으로 보인다. 촉매 표면에 생성된 nitrate종과 흡착된 암모니아가 반응하기 때문에 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 1.0 이상에서도 미반응 암모니아의 배출이 없었다. 담지된 금속산화물의 영향은 Zr은 산화상태를 증가시켜 $NO_2$의 배출이 증가하였으며, Ce를 첨가시킨 경우 $NO_2$ 발생량이 감소하였다. 그러나 금속산화물의 첨가는 전체적으로 NOx 전환율을 감소시켰다

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2011년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.361-362
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• 2011

본 연구는 사건관련전위를 이용하여 정신병질자들이 정서인식에 따른 반응억제의 어려움이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 교도소에 수용 중인 수형자들을 대상으로 PCL-R(Psychopathy Checklist-Revised)의 점수에 따라 6명의 정신병질 수형자집단과 4명의 정상 수형자집단을 선별하고, 얼굴자극을 이용한 시각 Go/NoGo 과제를 실시하였다. 모든 피험자들은 Go 자극에 버튼을 누르고 NoGo 자극에 버튼을 누르지 않도록 지시를 받았으며, 과제를 실시하는 동안 사건관련전위를 측정하였다. 과제 1에서는 공포표정을 NoGo자극으로 사용하고 중성표정을 Go자극으로 사용하였으며, 과제 2에서는 슬픈 표정을 NoGo자극으로 사용하고 중성표정을 Go자극으로 사용하였다. 정신병질 수형자집단은 공포표정의 NoGo P3 진폭이 중성표정의 Go P3 진폭보다 크게 나타난 반면에 정상 수형자집단은 공포표정과 중성표정 간의 P3 요인의 진폭이 유사하거나 공포표정의 NoGo P3 진폭보다 중성표정의 Go P3 진폭이 더 크게 나타났다. P3 잠재기를 분석한 결과, 정신병질 수형자집단은 슬픔 표정자극의 NoGo조건에서 중성표정자극의 Go조건보다 느린 P3 잠재기를 나타낸 반면, 정상 수형자집단은 NoGo조건에서 Go조건보다 빠른 P3 잠재기를 나타냈다. 정서인식검사결과, 정신병질 수형자집단은 정상 수형자 집단보다 유의미하게 낮은 정확도를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 정신병질자들이 공포, 슬픔과 같은 부정적인 정서를 인식한 후에 반응을 억제하는데 인지적인 어려움을 겪는다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2005

By using PCR with nirS gene primers, three nirSharboring denitrifying bacteria (strain N6, strain N23, and strain R13) were newly isolated from activated sludge of a weak municipal wastewater treatment plant. Small-subunit rRNA gene-based analysis indicated that strain N6, strain N23, and strain R13 were closely related to Arthrobacter sp.,Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp., respectively. In an attempt to identify their roles in biological nitrate and nitrite removal from sewage, we investigated their specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) for $NO_-^3$ - and $NO_-^2$ - in various cultures. All purecultures of each isolated nirS-harboring bacterial strain could remove $NO_-^3$ - and $NO_-^2$ - simultaneously in high efficiency, and the carbon requirements for $NO_-^3$ - removal of strain N6 and strain R13 were effectively low at 3.1 and 4.1 g COD/g $NO_3N$, respectively. In the case of mix-cultures of the strains (N6+N23, N6+R13, N23+R13, and N6+N23+R13), their SDNRs for $NO_-^3$ - were also effective, and their carbon requirements for $NO_-^3$ - removal were also effective at 3.0- 3.8 g COD/g NO3N. However, all tested mix-cultures accumulated $NO_-^2$ - in their culture media. On the other hand, the continuous culture of activated sludge mixed with strain N6 showed no significant increase of $NO_-^3$ - removal in comparison with strain N6's pure culture. These results suggest that nitrate and nitrite removal in biological wastewater treatment might be dependent on complicated bacterial interactions, including several effective denitrifying bacteria isolated in this study, rather than the specific bacterial types present and the number of bacterial types in activated sludge.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 1965

서울특별시 을지로 입구 네거리에서 1964년 8월 1일과 1965년 3월 6일에 대기의 오염도를 측정하였다. 자동차 폐가스로 오염되리라 생각되는 유해 가스 중 Pb, $SO_2,\;NO2,$ CO 및 $CO_2$의 농도를 측정하였다. 동시에 교통량도 조사하였다. Pb의 농도의 범위는 $21{\sim}2{\mu}./m^3, SO_2는\;0.33{\sim}0.001ppm$., $NO_2는\;1.30{\sim}0.02ppm$., CO는 $40{\sim}<5ppm$., $CO_2$는 $0.040{\sim}0.034%$였다. 평균농도는 Pb $11.3{\mu}./m^3., SO_2 0.08ppm, NO_2 0.09ppm., $NO 0.37ppm., CO 16ppm 그리고 0.038%였다. 일반적으로 Pb, NO2, NO, CO, $CO_2$의 농도는 교통량과 정비례하였다. 또 겨울 철에는 연탄 폐가스로 인해 $NO_2,SO_2 NO, CO, CO_2$의 농도가 여름 철보다 많았다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2007

도시가스를 원료로 수소를 제조하여 연료전지에 활용할 경우에 도시가스에 포함된 황화합물이 개질기의 촉매와 연료전지의 전극에 독으로 작용하므로 금속이온이 담지 된 $\beta$-제올라이트(BEA)로 황화합물 흡착 제거를 수행하였다. 담지 된 금속염의 농도, 종류에 따라 파과흡착량이 달라졌으며, $AgNO_3$이 담지 된 흡착제가 실험에 사용된 흡착제 중 가장 높은 파과흡착량을 나타내었다(41.1 mg/g). 그러나 $Ni(NO_3)_2$, $Fe(NO_3)_3$, $Co(NO_3)_2$와 같은 금속염이 담지 된 BEA도 $AgNO_3/BEA$와 비교할 수준의 황화합물 흡착량을 나타냈다. $AgNO_3/BEA$ 흡착제 특성 분석과 온도 영향성 실험 및 X선 광전자 분광기(x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) 분석을 통하여 흡착제와 황화합물 사이에 작용하는 힘은 금속이온과 황화합물간의 화학적 상호작용보다 물리적 상호작용이 우세한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2017

Efficient simultaneous reduction conditions for $NO_x$ and $NH_3$-slip was investigated in SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process with load variation by applying dual catalysts (SCR catalyst, $NH_3$ decomposition catalyst) system. $N_2O$ formation characteristics were analyzed to look into possible undesirable reaction pathways. In the experiments of catalyst characteristics, various operational variables were tested for the combined catalytic system, such as $NH_3/NO_x$ ratio, temperature, oxygen concentration and $H_2O$. The reaction characteristics of $NO_x$, $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ were analyzed and optimal conditions could be evaluated for the combustion facility with varied load. In terms of $NO_x/NH_3$ simultaneous reduction and $N_2O$ formation suppression, optimal condition was considered NSR 1.2 and temperature $300^{\circ}C$. At this operational condition, $NO_x$ conversion was 98%, $NH_3$ reduction efficiency was 95%, generated $N_2O$ concentration 9.5 ppm with inlet $NO_x$ concentration of 100 ppm. In $NH_3-SCR$ process with $NH_3$ decomposition catalyst, $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ can be considered to be reduced simultaneously at limited conditions. The results of this study may be utilized as basic data at facilities requiring simultaneous $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ reduction for facilities with load variation.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2009

With the increasing number of automobiles, the problem of air pollution from the exhaust gases of automobiles has become a critical issue. The principal gases that cause air pollution are nitrogen oxide or NO$_x$(NO and NO$_2$), and CO. Because NO$_x$ gases cause acid rain and global warming and produce ozone(O$_3$) that leads to serious metropolitan smog from photochemical reaction, they must be detected and reduced. Mixtures of WO$_3$ and $In_2O_3$(WO$_3$:$In_2O_3$=10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10 in wt.%), which are NO$_x$ gas-sensing materials, were prepared, and thick-film gas sensors that included a heater and a temperature sensor were fabricated. Their sensitivity to NO$_x$ was measured at 250$\sim$400$^{\circ}C$ for NO$_x$ concentrations of 1$\sim$5 ppm. The $In_2O_3$ thick-film sensor showed excellent sensitivity($R_{gas}/R_{air}$=10.22) at 300$^{\circ}C$ to 5-ppm NO. The response time for 70 % saturated sensitivity was about 3 seconds, and the sensors exhibited very fast reactivity to NO$_x$.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2019

The formation behavior of zinc phosphate conversion coating (ZPCC) on SCM430 alloy was investigated in 25 vol.% of 1M ZnO + 170 ml/L solution containing various $Fe(NO_3)_2$ concentrations, using open-circuit potential(OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), cyclic polarization(CP) curve and tape peel test. OCP of SCM430 alloy and corrosion current density increased with increasing $Fe(NO_3)_3$ concentration. Resistance of films formed on SCM430 alloy by chemical conversion treatment decreased with increasing $Fe(NO_3)_3$ concentration. Color and adhesion of chemical conversion coatings became darker and worse, respectively, with increasing $Fe(NO_3)_3$ concentration. It is concluded that addition of $Fe(NO_3)_3$ into a zinc phosphating bath leads to faster reaction to form porous surface coatings with poor adhesion and corrosion resistance.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2008

ASM No. 2(Activated sludge model No. 2) is very useful model to analyze the wastewater treatment which removes nitrogen and phosphorus. But, it is difficult to apply ASM No. 2 to control of wastewater treatment since it has 17 material divisions and 46 parameters. So the purpose of this study was the simplification of ASM No. 2 and the provement of simplification model. Firstly ASM No. 2 was simplified with 5 material division and three phases(Anaerobic, aerobic, anoxic phases). The simplified model was proved by R-square using track study data. As a result of provement, the values of R-square in ${NH_4}^+$ were 0.9815 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9250 in simplified model and in ${NO_3}^-$ were 0.8679 in ASM No. 2 and 0.7914 in simplified model and in ${PO_4}^{3-}$ are 0.9745 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9187 in the simplified model when the ability to express the material variation was compared by R-square. So, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2009

In this study, the fundamental experiments were performed for catalytic oxidation of NO (50 ppm) on $MnO_2$ in the presence of ozone. The experiments were carried out at various catalytic temperatures ($30-120^{\circ}C$) and ozone concentrations (50-150 ppm) to investigate the behavior of NO oxidation. The honeycomb type $MnO_2$ catalyst was rectangular with a cell density of 300 cells per square inch. Due to $O_3$ injection, NO reacted with $O_3$ to form $NO_2$, which was adsorbed at the $MnO_2$ surface. The excessive ozone was decomposed to $O^*$ onto the $MnO_2$ catalyst bed, and then that $O^*$ was reacted with $NO_2$ to form $NO_3^-$. It was found that the optimal $O_3$/NO ratio for catalytic oxidation of NO on $MnO_2$ was 2.0, and the NO removal efficiency on $MnO_2$ was 83% at $30^{\circ}C$. As a result, NO was converted mainly to $NO_3^-$.