• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to develop residue analysis method for fenoxanil, a MBI (melanin biosynthesis inhibitor) propionamide fungicide, had mainly been used to control rice blast, and disease of other crops, fruits, and vegetables by using GLC/NPD and GC/MS. Extraction with acetone and partition with n-hexane/dichloromethane (80/20, v/v) were performed from hulled rice, soybean, Kimchi cabbage, green pepper, and apple, then column clean-up with florisil was applied. Mean recoveries were 82.2%-109.1% with less than 7.2% of coefficients of variation and limit of quantitation was set at the concentration of 0.04 mg/kg from the five agricultural products through the determination by GLC/NPD equipped with DB-5 capillary column and single laboratory validation. As a confirmatory method, GC/MS selected ion monitoring (SIM) was set from m/z 125.0, 188.9, and 293.0. Developed method is expected to apply the single residue analysis of fenoxanil in agricultural products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.382-384
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• 2013

We evaluated the presence of uniconazole residual pesticide in agricultural products by using multiclass pesticide multiresidue methods. Samples were collected from January to August, 2012. The pesticide was detected in 14 samples among the 3,632 samples tested. Amount of the uniconazole pesticide ranged from 0.098 to 2.2 mg/kg in the 14 samples. This method was described for the simultaneous determination of uniconazole by using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and mass spectrometry (MS). For evaluating the GC-ECD method, uniconazole was spiked into gyeojachae at a level of 0.05, 0.5 mg/kg. The recoveries of uniconazole with the GC-ECD method ranged from 98.9-109.4%. The results indicate that our method of simultaneous analysis is applicable to uniconazole analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 1999

For determination of separated pesticides by using GC and HPLC, liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) and solid phase extraction(SPE) have been carried out to separate and concentrate the organophophorous pesticides such as Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Phosmet, Phosalon and EPN in environmental water samples. ln determination of pesticides by HPLC/UV, SPE has resulted in higher recovery and more precision than LLE, while in determination of pesticides by GC/FPD, vice versa. HPLC/UV after the pretreatment process of sample by solid phase extraction (SPE-HPLC/UV) has suggested the possibility of determination of pesticides ppb level. ln comparison of detection limit, both SPE-HPLC/UV and LLE-GC/FPD are reasonably suitable for analysis of residue pesticides. ln the respect of the rapidity and the solvent required, SPE-HPLC/UV method has proven to be superior to LLE-GC/FPD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2012

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL) and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As these subgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroup for aggressive treatment. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL in patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, from September 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the study period were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to results of immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapse or progression. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}15$. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprised the GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL 19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroups were significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011), BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. Conclusion: GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should be used to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. This manuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of the world.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2023

Dysregulation of certain long non-coding RNAs may facilitate tumor initiation and progression. However, numerous carcinogenesis-related long noncoding RNAs have not been characterized. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of LINC00562 in gastric cancer (GC). The expression of LINC00562 was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The proliferative capacity of GC cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony-formation assays. The migration of GC cells were evaluated using wound-healing assays. The apoptosis of GC cells was assessed by measuring the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). Xenograft models in nude mice were constructed for in vivo functional analysis of LINC00562. The binding relationship between miR-4636 and LINC00562 or adaptor protein complex 1 sigma 3 (AP1S3), obtained from public databases, was confirmed using dual-luciferase and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation experiments. LINC00562 was expressed in GC cells at high levels. Knockdown of LINC00562 repressed GC cell growth and migration, promoted apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in nude mouse models. LINC00562 directly targeted miR-4636, and miR-4636 depletion restored the GC cell behavior inhibited by LINC00562 absence. AP1S3, an oncogene, binds to miR-4636. MiR-4636 downregulation increased AP1S3 level, restoring GC cell malignant behaviors inhibited by AP1S3 downregulation. Thus, LINC00562 exerts carcinogenic effects on GC development by targeting miR-4636-mediated AP1S3 signaling.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 1992

Volatile flavor components of soybean pastes, manufactured with traditional Meju and improved Meju, were extrated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction apparatus and concentrated at atmosphere press. The concentrates were investigated GC-sniff evaluation by preparative gas chromatograph, and then analyzed and identified by GC/MS and Kovats retention index. Thirty nine components, including 11 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 2 pyrazines, 4 acids, 3 fuans, 3 phenols, 3 esters, 3 hydrocarbons, 1 ketone, 5 miscellous ones were confirmed in soybean paste manufactured with traditional Meju. Twenty one components, including 4 alcohols, 2 aldehydes, 2 pyrazines, 2 acids, 1 fuan, 2 esters, 1 hydrocarbon, 2 ketones, 4 miscellous ones were confirmed in soybean paste manufactured with improved Meju. Ten components such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, trimethyl-pyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, tetramethyl-pyrazine, benzaldehyde, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, naphthalene, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-oxetane were identified together in soybean pastes manufactured with traditional Meju and improved Meju.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

GC/MS analysis of 27 controlled pesticides in herbal drugs was studied. Selected ion monitoring(sim) technique was applied to increase the GC/MS sensitivity. Typical peaks in th e mass spectrum of each pesticides were selected as quantitation, comfirmation or alternate ion. Twenty seven pesticides were divided into five groups according to their retention time and the peaks for SIM were programmed accordingly. The combination of two ionization methods, electron impact(EI)-SIM-MS and negative ion chemical ionization(NCI)-SIM-MS, were well-fitted for the detection, confirmation and quantitation of multiclass residual pesticides in herbal drugs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.959-966
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• 2006

The electron-capture detector (ECD) of gas chromatographs (GC) has been used widely in pesticide analysis. However, as ECD relies on radioactive material, it is troublesome to purchase and maintain. Therefore, potent replacements for ECD were investigated. A Pulsed-discharge detector (PDD) for ECD was tested and the analytical results of PDD (ECD mode), ${\mu}ECD$, and nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) were compared for 107 pesticides including organochroline, organophosphorus, pyrethroids etc. The number of pesticides identified at the lowest limit of detection (LOD) was 36, 29, and 2 for PDD, ${\mu}ECD$, and NPD, respectively. The remaining pesticides showed same response to PDD and ${\mu}ECD$. The GC-PDD analysis of pesticides spiked into representative agricultural products (brown rice, spinach, and mandarin oranges) also showed good and/or equivalent recoveries using $GC-{\mu}ECD$.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2010

Unlike the initial mass function, the initial size distribution of globular cluster (GC) systems is not well known. We calculate the evolution of the mass function (MF), radial distribution (RD), and size distribution (SD) of the Galactic GC system. By comparing the results from this calculation and the present-day MF, RD, and SD of the Galactic GC system, we infer the initial SD of the GC system. We find that a Gaussian distribution of the half-mass radius and a Gaussian distribution of the half-mass to Jacobi radius ratio are the best-fit initial SDs of the Galactic GC system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1995

The brassinosteroid-like active principles from immature seeds of Zea mays were purified and identified as castasterone, teasterone, 28-norcastasterone and 6-deoxocastasterone by GC-MS analysis. Our work is probably the first report that showed the presence of brassinosteroids in Zea mays seeds.