• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.347-351
• /
• 2003

The hydrophobic ligand-containing hollow polypropylene (PP) membranes were synthesized by the mutual radiation induced graft copolymerization with glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) onto hollow PP membrane followed by the subsequent functionalization with L-phenylalanine. FT-IR, elemental analysis and UV spectroscopy were utilized to characterize copolymer composition, and degree of grafting, functionalization conversion and ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption. The degree of grafting on the PP surface increased with the reaction time and total dose of E-beam. In the subsquent functionalization, the amount of L-phenylalanine increased with the increase in the degree of grafting and the degree of conversion was about 30%. The ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption experiments showed that adsorption capacity had a maximum value at pH 8. The ${\gamma}$-globulins adsorption capacity in the basic pH region was higher than in the acidic pH region.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1965

I. A Comparison of Sodium Sulfate Precipitation and Zone(Paper, Agar) Electrophoresis; Many kinds of techniques have been used for fractionating serum proteins. In the present study, using bovine serum, the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were compared with those determined by zone electrophoresis. 1. Fibrinogen was precipitated with 4 to 10 percent of sodium sulfate. 2. ${\gamma}$-globulin required 10 to 16 percent of the salt for precipitation. 3. ${\beta}$-globulin began to precipitate at 12 percent sodium sulfate, and completed precipitation at approximately 26 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 4. ${\alpha}$-globulin completed precipitation at 13 to 28 percent sodium sulfate in paper electrophoresis and at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 5. Albumin began to precipitate at 14 percent of the salt, and was free from the mixture of globulins approximately at 28 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. The results of comparing fractions by the two methods were as follows: 1. Euglobulin (15%) was equal to the sum of the most ${\gamma}$-globulin and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. 2. Pseudoglobulin I (15-17.5%) corresponded to the most ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and a small quantity of albumin. 3. Pseudoglobulin II(18-22%) was a mixture of the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and albumin fraction. 4. Albumin (above 22%) contained the most albumin fraction separated by zone electrophoresis and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. As mentioned above the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were a mixture of the various proportion of the fractions determined by zone electrophoresis. The solubility of serum fractions to sodium sulfate coincided with the mobility of those by zone electrophoresis. (By percent of sodium sulfate we mean gram of sodium sulfate contained in $100m{\ell}$ of solution). II. Immunological Studies on Serum Protein Fractions with Sodium Sulfate; In the previous report the fractions of bovine serum protein with sodium sulfate compared with those obtained by zone electrophoresis, and the findings were that the former contained various proportion components of the latter. In this study the author studied whether or not the fractions with sodium sulfate are simple component antigenically by immunoelectrophoresis and micro double diffusion test (Immuno-precipitation), using rabbit antiserum to bovine serum. In immunoelectrophoresis, normal bovine serum developed with rabbit antibovine serum showed about ten distinct precipitin arcs. The distribution of these arcs was as follows: 1 albumin, 2 ${\alpha}_1$-, 3 ${\alpha}_2$-, 2 ${\beta}_1$-, ${\beta}_2$-, and 1 ${\gamma}$-globulin (Fig. 7, 9). In micro double diffusion test, five to six precipitation bands could be seen between antigens and antibody, the order of the precipitation bands location is albumin, ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-globulin from the side of antiserum well (Fig.19). Frequently the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-precipitation bands were separated into two or three precipitation bands, which indicated that these globuline are not a pure component antigenically as shown in immuno-electrophoresis. In both Immunological methods, the two ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-precipitin arcs and bands appeared clear and strong, indicating that the two globulins reacted as strong antigens. The precipitate reaction of ${\gamma}$-globulin was shown at 12 to 16 percent sodium sulfate; ${\beta}$-globulin at 12 to 20 percent; ${\alpha}$-globulin at 12 to 22 percent (immuno-electrophoresis), at 12 to 26 percent (Diffusion); and albumin at above 22 percent. Antigenically euglobulin contained ${\gamma}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\alpha}$-globulins, Pseudoglobulin I and Pseudoglobulin II were composed of ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins, and albumin was a mixture of ${\alpha}$-globulin and albumin determined by zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that the fractions of serum protein obtained by either method were constituents of various proteins antigenically except ${\gamma}$-globulin and albumin by Zone electrophoresis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 1994

Thirty buffalo calves were randomly categorized into three groups on the basis of age, i.e. birth to 6 months; 6 to 12 months and 12-24 months. Blood samples were collected to monitor certain vital metabolites in relation to age and prediction of performance in growing buffalo calves. Amongst the various blood parameters estimated the serum glucose, cholesterol and gamma globulins have shown highly significant correlations with age and live weight-gain of the animal as well. However, the multiple regression analysis clearly indicated the influence of age and live body weight on blood metabolites in buffalo calves.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1964

The ratios of cattle and swine serum proteins taken from the slaughter house were studied by Paper Electrophoresis. 1. Of 79 cattle and 53 swine, 49 cattle and 32 swine were observed in this studying as normal animals, the rest which was over 60% of albumin, globulin values and 1/2 of A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio was observed separately as abnormalities, because physiological examination was not made before slaughter. The ratios of the normal serum proteins were A (albumin) 58.8, ${\alpha}$(alpha-globulin) 13.7, ${\beta}$(beta-globulin) 11.9, ${\gamma}$(gamma-globulin) 28.6, G(total globulin) 49.2, A/G 1.03 in cattle and A 48.4, ${\alpha}$ 18.0, ${\beta}$ 13.6, ${\gamma}$ 20.0, G 51,6, A/G 0.93 in swine, the result including abnormalities showed A 45.5, ${\alpha}$ 14.8, ${\beta}$ 12.5, ${\gamma}$ 26.7, G 54.5, A/G 0.83 in cattle and A 44.5, ${\alpha}$ 19.8, ${\beta}$ 13.7, ${\gamma}$ 21.8, G 55.3, A/G 0.80 in Swine. 2. The A/G ratio of cattle and swine were 1.03 and 0.93 respectively, the A/G ratio of Korean cattle and swine are higher than the ration reported of others. Although A/G ratio of swine was below 1.00, and its value showed slightly higher than the others. The A/G ratio in this result including the abnormalities was relatively low but this ratio was higher than that values obtained by other reporters. 3. Twenty nine percent of cattles and 34 per cent of swines in this study, fluctuation of A/G ratio was great. The values of ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ globulins thought to be influenced by the amount of total globulin except ${\beta}$-globulin in swine. To obtain more occurate results, more sample size is required, in other hand some animals that is in subclinical condition might influence the values of this study. 4. The ratios of each fraction mobility which were regarded albumin as 100 were A 100, ${\alpha}$ 73, ${\beta}$ 47, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Cattle and A 100, ${\alpha}$ 71, ${\beta}$ 46, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Swine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제49권12호
• /
• pp.1348-1353
• /
• 2006

목 적 : 고용량의 IVIG의 투여가 어떠한 기전으로 가와사끼병 환자들의 임상증상을 급속히 호전시키는지는 아직도 확실히 밝혀진 것은 없으나 항원-항체 반응에 의한 원인 항원의 제거도 한 가지 유력한 학설이다. 간이나 비장의 세망내피계는 굴형 모세혈관으로 이루어져 있어서 분자량이 큰 단백질들도 혈장과 간질 사이의 상호 이동이 가능하다. 본 연구자들은 대량의 IVIG 투여 후에 투여된 IgG 및 기타 단백질들의 혈장과 간질 사이의 재분포가 있을 가능성을 가정하고 IVIG 2 g/kg 투여 전후의 혈장 단백질 및 지질 농도를 측정하여 어떠한 변화가 일어나는지 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2004년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 의정부 성모병원에 가와사끼병으로 입원하여 IVIG 1 g/kg를 2일 연속 두 차례에 걸쳐 총 2 g/kg를 투여 받은 34명을 대상으로 하였다. IVIG가 투여 전과 투여가 종료된 다음날(12-18시간 후) 두 차례 혈액을 채취하여, 총단백, 알부민, IgG, IgM, IgA, CRP, 그리고 혈청전기영동상의 ${\alpha}1$ 글로불린, ${\alpha}2$ 글로불린, ${\beta}$ 글로불린 및 혈청지질(총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방)의 변화를 살펴보았다. 결 과 : IVIG 투여 후에 혈청 IgG, IgM, IgA 등 ${\gamma}$ 글로불린은 유의하게 상승하였고, IgG의 상승량은 $1,779{\pm}304mg/dL$이었다. 한편, 알부민, ${\alpha}1$ 글로불린, ${\alpha}2$ 글로불린 및 ${\beta}$ 글로불린은 각각 18%, 24%, 19% 및 12%의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 혈청 지질치는 HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의하게 감소한 반면(20%), LDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방은 각각 21%와 50%의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : IVIG 투여 후 ${\gamma}$ 글로불린을 제외한 대부분의 단백질들이 감소하며, IgG의 상승도 예상 혈청 IgG 농도에 미치지 못하였다. 이러한 결과들은 투여된 IVIG에 의해 IgG의 일부와 가와사끼병에서 임상 증상을 일으키는 원인 단백을 포함한 단백들이 혈관 밖 구역으로의 이동 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1982

Among the environmental pollutants, cadmium and lead compounds may impair human health. These compounds may inhibit the biological metabolic function of human body and may furthermore cause the disease directly or indirectly. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the immune response by intoxication of cadmium chloride and lead acetate. Cadmium chloride (8.8mg/kg, in saline 10ml) and lead acetate (15mg/kg, in saline 10ml) were administered by intraperitoneal injection. After 3 weeks, the rats were intoxicated with the above chemicals and immunized with sheep RBC. After 4 weeks, the immune response of rat spleen cells was measured by the Jerne's technique. The results were obtained as follows; 1. There was no change in leukocyte counts by the intoxication of cadmium chloride or lead acetate. 2. Cadmium chloride or lead acetate reduced hemoglobin contents for most intoxicated and immunized groups. 3. Hematocrits were decreased by the intoxication of cadmium chloride or lead acetate significantly. 4. It was determined that total protein, A/G (Albumin/Globulin), ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-\;and\;{\gamma}$-globulins in rat serum were not changed. 5. Intoxication by cadmium chloride or lead acetate reduced the number of hemolytic plaque to the sheep RBC in rat spleen cells. Therefore, antibody producing of rat spleen cells was suppressed by the intoxication of cadmium chloride and lead acetate.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 1982

Among the environmental pollutants, parathion, chloroform and 2, 6-dichlorophenol may impair human health; they may inhibit or reduce the metabolic function of human body and may furthermore cause diseases directly or indirectly. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects on the immune response by intoxication of parathion, chloroform or 2, 6-dichlorophenol. Parathion(1.3mg/kg, olive oil 10ml), chloroform (100mg/kg, olive oil 10ml) were administered via intraperitoneal injection to rats. And 2, 6-dichlorophenol (13mg/kg, olive oil 10ml) was administered via oral injection. After 3 weeks, the rats were intoxicated with the above chemicals and immunized with sheep RBC. After 4 weeks the immune response of rat spleen cells was measured by the Jerne's technique. The results were obtained as follows. 1. There was no change of leukocyte counts by the intoxication of parathion, chloroform and 2, 6-dichlorophenol. 2. Parathion, chloroform and 2, 6-dichlorophenol reduced hemoglobin contents for most intoxicated and immunized groups. 3. Hematocrits were decreased by the intoxication of parathion, chloroform or 2, 6-dichlorophenol significantly. 4. It was determined that total protein, A/G (albumin/globulin), .alpha.-, .betha.-and .gamma.-globulins in rat serum were not changed. 5. Intoxication by parathion, chloroform or 2, 6-dichorophenol reduced the number of hemolytic plaque to the sheep RBC in rat spleen cells. Therefore, the capacity of erythrocyte production and the immune response of rat spleen cells were decreased by the intoxication of parathion, chloroform, or 2, 6-dichlorophenol.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2008

The present study was designed to explore the immunotoxic effects of orally administered aluminum (AI) on pregnant rats (n = 60) and their growing fetuses and consequently on the animal wealth. The animals were randomly allocated into three equal groups of 20 rats each. The first group has no treatment and kept as a control (G1). The second and third groups of pregnant rats were treated orally with aluminum chloride at 345 mg/Kg b.wt. The second group (G2) received the tested compound from the $6^{th}$ day of gestation to the end of weaning, whereas the third group (G3) received the tested compound from the $15^{th}$h day of gestation to the end of weaning. Control and treated animals (dams and offspring) were immunized ip with (0.5 ml) 20% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) suspension seven days before the end of experiments. At the end of exposure, ten dams and ten offspring from each group were used for assessment of cell-mediated immunity and a similar number of animals were sacrificed for evaluating the humoral immune response and serum protein profile. Aluminum chloride exposure of dams ($G_2&G_3$) caused significant suppression of both cell mediated and humoral immune responses in the obtained offsprings compared to the control group ($G_1$) without any significant effect on the immune responses of these dams. Moreover, the serum total globulins, albumin/ globulin (A/G) ratio and gamma globulin fraction were significantly decreased in the treated dam's offsprings compared to the corresponding controls while the serum total protein and all serum protein fractions showed non significant difference between the control and treated dams and between the two treated dam groups themselves. There were no histopathological changes observed in thymus, spleen and liver of the control and treated dams. Thymus of treated dam's offsprings (G2) showed lymphoid depletion in both cortex and medulla. Their spleens showed lymphoid depletion in the white pulps and congestion with hemosiderosis in the red pulps. Liver of treated dam's offsprings showed dilation and congestion of its central vein with degenerative changes in the hepatocytes. These histopathological changes were more severe in G2 than in G3 offsprings. It can be concluded that gestational and/ or lactation exposure of pregnant dams to AI chloride caused suppression of both cellular and humoral immune responses of their offsprings.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 1982

장기적(長期的)인 채식섭취(菜食攝取)가 혈청(血淸)의 lipoprotein, cholesterol 및 단백량(蛋白量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보기 위하여 결은 여승(女僧) 45명(名)($20{\sim}35$세)과 대조군(對照群)으로 여대생(女大生) 29명(名)($20{\sim}22$세)을 연구대상(硏究對象)으로 하였다. 하루 열량섭취(熱量攝取)는 여승(女憎)들이 1,945 kcal 였고 여대생(女大生)은 1,815 kcal 였다. 열량구성비율(熱量構成比率)은 여승(女僧)들이 탄수화물(炭水化物) : 단백질(蛋白質) : 지방(地方)=84 : 11 : 5였고 학생(學生)은 70 : 15 : 15였으며 이는 여승(女僧)들의 탄수화물(炭水化物) 편중(偏重) 및 지방섭취부족(脂肪攝取不足)을 보여준다. 신체계측결과(身體計測結果) 여승(女僧)들은 여대생(女大生)보다 신장(身長)을 제외(除朴)하고, 체중(體重), 지방층(脂肪層)두께, 체표면적(體表面積) 및 비만도계수(肥滿度係數)가 모두 높았다. 수축기(收縮期) 및 이완기혈압(弛緩期血壓)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생(女大生)이 거의 같았다. 혈청(血淸)의 총지방(總脂肪), cholesterol 및 단백량(蛋白量)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생간(女大生間)에 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 그러나 전기영동(電氣泳動)으로 분획(分劃)하여 혈청(血淸)의 high density lipoprotein(HDL), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) 및 low density lipoprotein(LDL)량(量)을 비교(比較)해 본 결과(結果), 여승(女憎)들의 HDL은 여대생(女大生)보다 낮았으나 LDL은 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Cholesterol분획결과(分劃結果)도 역시 여승(女憎)들의 HDL-cholesterol값은 여대생(女大生)보다 유의(有意) 하게 낮은 반면(反面) LDL-cholesterol은 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Lipoprotein과 cholesterol간(間)의 상관계수(相關係數)(r)를 계산(計算)한 결과(結果) LDL과 LDL-cholesterol(r=0.40), VLDL과 VLDL-cholesterol(r=0.85), HDL과 HDL-cholesterol(r=0.45), 혈청총지방량(血淸總脂防量)과 cholesterol(r=0.66) 및 혈청(血淸) 총(總) cholesterol과 LDL-cholesterol(r=0.79) 간(間)에는 유의(有意)한 상관관계(相關關係)를 보여주었다. 그러나 혈청(血淸) cholesterol과 음식섭취(飮食攝取) 및 신체계측결과간(身體計測結果間)에는 유의(有意)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 나타나지 않았다. 혈청단백량(血淸蛋白量)은 여승(女憎)과 여대생간(女大生間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)는 여승(女憎)들의 장기적(長期的)인 채식섭취(菜食攝取)로 인(因)해 인체(人體)의 lipoprotein 및 cholesterol 대사(代謝)에 영향(影響)이 있음을 시사(示唆)해 주고 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.122-136
• /
• 1983

식용유 , 카제인 및 칼슘, 마그네슘 첨가식이가 토끼의 혈청 cholesterd치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 단백질 68.47%, 탄수화물 15.35%, 지방 16.18%, 비타민 A, D, E, C, $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_{12}$, Niacin 등이 포함된 기본사료에 식물성식용유 10%, 카제인 10%, 칼슘, 마그네슘 일정량을 첨가한 사료를 급여하면서 체중변화 및 혈청내의 각종 성분을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체중증가는 대조군에 비하여 식물성 기름만을 첨가한 군에서는 모두 낮았으나, 참깨기금과 들깨기름에 카제인을 더 첨가한 군에서는 체중증가가 좋았고, 한편 칼슘과 마그네슘을 더 첨가하여 사육한 군에서는 모든 군이 대조군보다 성적이 좋았다. 2. 실험식이 급여 기간에 식이효율, 단백질효율 및 열량효율 등은 들깨기름 첨가군에서 양호하였고, 특히 여기에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서는 더욱 양호하였다. 3. 혈청 총단백질량은 모든 군에서 별 차이가 없었으나 혈청알부민에 있어서는 카제인을 첨가군이 높았고, ${\alpha}$-글로불린에 있어서는 같은 경우 칼슘 첨가군에서 낮았다. 그러나 들깨기름 첨가군과 여기에 카제인을 첨가한 군에서 가장 높았다. 4. 리포알부민은 모든 실험군에서 큰 차이가 없었으나 콩기름과 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서 낮았다. 그러나 콜레스테롤 함량이 많은 식이군에서 베타리포단백질의 양이 증가하였으나, 들깨기름을 첨가한 군에서 낮았다. 한편 배타리포단백질과 리포알부민의 비는 첨가식이 조성에 따라 0.11~0.26 범위에 있었다. 리포알부민과 리포단백질의 비는 칼슘과 콩기름을 첨가한 군의 값이 크고, 마그네슘과 들깨기름을 첨가한 군의 값이 작았다. 5. 트리글리세리드의 경우에는 참깨기름과 들깨기름을 첨가한 군에서 대조군보다 높은 값을 나타냈으나, 여기에 카제인, 칼슘 및 마그네슘을 더 첨가한 군에서 현저히 저하되었다. 6. 콜레스테롤의 경우에는 식물성기름을 첨가하여 사육한 실험군과 여기에 카제인을 더 첨가한 군에서는 트리글리세리드 함량이 높을 경우 콜레스테롤 함량도 증가하였으나, 콩기름과 칼슘, 들깨기름과 마그네슘을 첨가한 군에서 콜레스테롤량이 현저하게 낮았다. 7. 기본식이에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에 있어서는 혈청칼슘의 양이 증가되었으나 마그네슘의 경우는 낮았다. 혈당치의 경우는 식물성기름을 첨가군에서는 다소 감소되었고, 여기에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서는 증가하고 마그네슘을 첨가한 군에서는 감소하였다. 8. 실험군별 분석치간의 상관관계는 베타리포단백질, 칼슘, 마그네슘 및 트리글리세리드간에는 상관계수 $${\gamma}{\sim_=}1$$을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 토끼의 혈청콜레스테롤의 양을 감소시킬 수 있는 인자로서 트리글리세리드와 베타리포단백질량을 감소시킬 수 있는 불포화도가 큰 들깨기름과 칼슘과 마그네슘이 2:1의 범위를 벗어나지 않은 조성식이가 좋은 것을 알았다.