• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.213-225
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the Effect of Hand Reflexology on Saeng-chi of physiologic, emotional & motivational responses and Immunity in ESRD patients who received hemodialysis in two general hospital from June to September. 2001 A two group quasi-experimental research with pre and post test design was used. The number of participants in the experimental group was 23, and in the control group, 20 The Hand Reflexology Intervention was developed by the researcher based on hand reflexology by Carter & Weber and Chi-massage by Chia. The Hand Reflexology was applied to both hands for 10 minutes per day. and 5 days by 5 times. To evaluate the effects of the program, Pre and Post evaluations were done. In the physiologic response, the PR was decreased at the 1st times post treatment and at the 5th. In addition BP was decreased at the 1st time, but not the 5th. After 5 treatments, there were significant increase in Hb and significant decreases in the BUN and Cr. levels in the experimental group. In the emotional and motivational responses, there were significant increases in vigor, mood, uplifts and self care agency scores in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference in the Rosenberg's self esteem score. In the experimental group, significantly increased CD4, and h/s ratios were found, also NK cells were significantly decreased, and there was a decrease in the CD8. However, no significant differences between groups were observed. There were significant increases in CD32, CD33, CD34 in the experimental group. The self care agency score correlated negatively with the CD8. From the above results, Hand Reflexology is shown to be an effective mind-body nursing intervention for enhancing Saeng-chi responses and affecting some of the immune responses. However, Immune cell activation and differentiation with hand reflexology will be achieved with future study.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2008

Although the pulse diagnosis position, Guan is apart from Cun or Chi by only $10{\sim}20$ mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Cun, Guan and Chi, To support their clinical behaviors, in this study, we tested statistically whether there are differences in pulse waveform measured at these three positions with SphygmoCor system used world widely, A 30 years old female subject without any evidence of cardiovascular diseases was involved in this experiment. Radial pulse waves were recorded at three different positions on left lower arm 10 times at three positions-Cun, Guan and Chi. With ANOVA, we tested whether, among three different positions. there are any differences in 12 parameters of radial pulse waveform and in estimated AIx(Augmentation Index) as an arterial stiffness index extracted from radial pulse waveform. As results, differences in optimal indent pressure h0 were observed at different measuring positions(P<0.001) but not significantly different. And pulse pressure his were found to be different(Chi$22.60{\pm}3.06%,\;18.60{\pm}3.37%\;and\;26.4{\pm}5.02%$ respectively. Consequently. AIx at Gwan seems to be lowest and that at Chi seems to be highest. So. we assert the AIx at Chi is likely to be overestimated. In further studies. we want to examine what make differences in these parameters between measuring positions. And it also seems to be worthy to investigate the relationship between the depth of radial artery and AIx. And, ultimately, we need to determine the best measuring process including measuring position, hold-down pressure, signal quality validation and so on. so to achieve the optimal waveform which represents subject's health condition for both western medicine and traditional medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1245-1255
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we investigated the major 8 companies of Korean stock market, and carried out the goodness of fit and independence tests. We found out the distributions of absolute returns are closed to compressed exponential distribution. The parameters are dominant that 1 < ${\beta}$ < 2, followed by ${\beta}=1$(exponential distribution) and ${\beta}=2$(normal distribution). Meanwhile, we assured that most of the absolute returns for major 8 companies have relevance to each other by chi-square independence test.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.198-210
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to develop a health promotion program for marriage immigrant women and to evaluate its efficacy. Methods: The health promotion program was comprised of eight 100-minute weekly sessions. Each session included understanding of health responsibility, nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relations, stress management, and self actualization. The research was conducted under the principles of nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. The outcome variables were health promoting behavior, health status, acculturation, self efficacy, and perceived barrier. The participants were 15 immigrant women in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. Data was analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: There was a significant improvement in health promoting behaviors (U=-3.08, p=.002), left shoulder flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.003), right shoulder flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.003), low back flexibility (U=-3.37, p=.001), social health status (U=-3.38 p=.001) and subjective health status (U=-2.17 p=.030) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion program for marriage immigrant women was an effective intervention for improving health promoting behavior, physical health status, social health, and subjective health status. Therefore, the developed health promotion program needs to be applied to married immigrant women in other kinds nursing care settings in future research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify endotracheal colonization and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia related to the type of endotracheal suction system. Methods: The participants in this study were ICU patients hospitalized between October 2009 to March 2010 who used ventilators for over 48 hr with closed (CSS, n=30) or open (OSS, n=32) suction systems. To standardize the pre-intervention suction system, a suctioning protocol was taught to the ICU nurses. Collected data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sums test, Wilcoxon test, Log-rank test and Poisson regression. Results: Endotracheal colonization was higher in OSS than CSS from day 1 to day 8 while using a ventilator and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The CSS reached 50% of endotracheal colonization by the 4th day, whereas for the OSS, it was the 2nd day (p=.04). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia showed no significant difference. Conclusion: For patients with a high risk of pneumonia, CSS must be used to lower endotracheal colonization.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.391-403
• /
• 2014

This study seeks to carry out a literary review of preceding studies and the health improvement model of Pender(1987) on university students majoring in nursing to explain the health improvement behaviors and identify the factors that affect their activities to provide a framework for developing a more effective nursing mediation method that promotes health improvement behaviors. The study subjects were 204 university students majoring in nursing who have had clinical practice experience. The period for data collection was from April 1to May 30, 2014 and a total of 204 copies of the questionnaire were used for analysis. For the collected data, frequency analysis, percentage, ANOVA, t-test and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS, LISREL, and path analyss was done for hypothesis testing. The overall index of hypothesis model showed a good congruence as ${\chi}^2=.06$(p=.812), df=1, ${\chi}^2(df)=.000$, GFI=0.97, AGFI=1.0, SRMR=.002, NFI=0.947, NNFI=0.957, RMSEA=0.016, CN=266. Looking at the verification of the hypothesis presented in the model, the variables that affect health improvement behaviors were perceived disability, perceived self-efficacy, perceived social support, while stress from clinical practice, perceived health status, persistence and perceived benefits did not affect health improvement behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.236-247
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of health program s on hypertension in a public health center located in Y-si. Most interesting were the effects on hypertension-related knowledge, self-care behavior, quality of life, and physiological parameters for hypertensive patients. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 48 patients with hypertension living in Y-si were assigned to either the experimental group (n=23) or the control group (n=25). The experimental group was provided with an 8-week health program on hypertension between August 31 and October 23 in 2015. Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 21.0 using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. The result indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group with respect to the scores of hypertension-related knowledge (t=-3.76, p<.001), self-care behavior (t=-3.33, p=.002), physiological parameters, including systolic blood pressure (t=6.27, p<.001) and diastolic blood pressure (t=4.70, p<.001), total cholesterol levels (t=3.08, p=.003), and Abdominal circumference (t=2.52, p=.015). We conclude that the self-group program on hypertension has a significant effect on the change of hypertension-related knowledge and self-care behavior for hypertensive patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2018

Sunrise and sunset times differ depending on location and date. Previous studies conveniently but monotonously applied day and night times set up. This research defined the daytime and nighttime while considering the time of twilight according to the date and the location of ship collision accidents. Classifying the frequency of ship collision accidents with this standard, we conducted a chi-squared test for the difference between daytime and nighttime. The frequencies of ship collision accidents according to daytime and nighttime was compared by season, month, and time, and all of them showed statistically significant differences. The highest number of daytime ship collisions was 11.6 %, in June, and nighttime collisions peaked at 13.7 %, in December. The most frequent hour for daytime ship collisions was 0700h-0800h, at 10.2 %, and nighttime collisions peaked between 0400h-0500h, at 16.9 %. It is clear that the criteria used in previous studies cited was applied without any theoretical basis and likely only for the convenience of the researchers. It was found that results depend on what criteria are applied to the same research data. This study shows that statistical analyses of marine accidents, traffic volume, and congestion density should be carried out quantitatively while considering daytime and nighttime hours for each particular location and date.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.697-709
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ElectroMyoscope(Electro_Acuscope and Myopulse) in tissue repairing on fatigue quadriceps femoris(rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis). Subjects were female adult volunteers with (n=13) and without (n=5) chronic fatigue muscle pain. We needed to fatigue the rectus femoris by overusing of a Cybex machine exercise. We turned the Electro-Myoscope to treatment mode and treated with treatment probe on the fatigue muscle, then turned instrument back to EMG and took the reading. The results indicated that the reading after the treatment was lower than before the treatment. A two-tailed t-test and Chi square indicated significant results(P<.03). It appears that the Electro-Myoscope is effective in treatment on the fatigue muscle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2005

Shaking table tests of the seismic behavior of a steel frame structure model were performed. The purpose of these tests was to estimate the effects of a near-fault ground motion and a scenario earthquake based on a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear power plant structures. Three representative kinds of earthquake ground motions were used for the input motions: the design earthquake ground motion for the Korean nuclear power plants, the scenario earthquakes for Korean nuclear power plant sites, and the near-fault earthquake record from the Chi-Chi earthquake. The probability-based scenario earthquakes were developed for the Korean nuclear power plant sites using the PSHA data. A 4-story steel frame structure was fabricated to perform the tests. Test results showed that the high frequency ground motions of the scenario earthquake did not damage the structure at the nuclear power plant site; however, the ground motions had a serious effect on the equipment installed on the high floors of the building. This shows that the design earthquake is not conservative enough to demonstrate the actual danger to safety related nuclear power plant equipment.