• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.594-603
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• 2012

This study developed a high-utility type of vinegar from Rubus coreanus by optimizing its fermentation conditions. In the alcohol fermentation process, the optimal conditions for the maximization of the alcohol contents were an initial sugar concentration of 15 $^{\circ}Brix$, a temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and 4 days. The optimal conditions for the acetic acid fermentation were 9 days of fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm, with 6% alcohol and 2% initial acidity. The sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents were 952.90, 491.01, and 386.62 mg%, respectively. The free organic acids were acetic, malic, succinic, malonic, oxalic, and lactic acids. The total free amino acid content was 104.33 ${\mu}g/mL$, with alanine, glutamic acid, ${\gamma}$-amino-N-butyric acid, and o-phospho-ethanolamine as the major amino acids. The K, Na, and Mg contents were 1,686.10, 172.50, and 69.33 ppm, respectively. The total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were 25.19 and 80.71 mg/100 mL, respectively. The DPPH- and $ABTS^{.+}$ radical scavenging activities were approximately 65 and 94%, respectively. Moreover, the vinegar's ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching activity and reducing power showed that it had strong anti-oxidant properties. These results show that Rubus coreanus vinegar has anti-oxidant properties and may be used as functional food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1971

The nitrogen content and free amino acids were determined from the saute of mong bean paste which is one of the important protein sources on Korean diet. During the saute' process of mong-bean paste, valine, r-aminobutyrate, glutamine, arginine, methionine, and unknown acids were lost, but, proline, lysine, homoserine, and tyrosine were detected.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2008

This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by $^{13}C-NMR$. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By $^{13}C-NMR$ analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)\;(1{\rightarrow}6)$-glucan, composed of a backbone with $(1{\rightarrow}3)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a $(1{\rightarrow}6)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The ${\beta}$-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.spc8
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• pp.2965-2969
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• 2011

Highly efficient and rapid aminolysis of epoxides with various amines in water under microwave irradiation in the absence of catalyst was developed. Chiral ${\beta}$-amino alcohols were formed in a short time with excellent yields.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 1985

Low-salted Kochuzang was made by the replacement of a part of NaCl with 4% ethanol as the preservative. Comparative analysis were performed for general components in 7 kinds of low-salted Kochuzang. The activities of ${\alpha}-and{\beta}-amylase$ and protease were high in ripened Kochuzang of low salt concentration in case of addition of alcohol. The changes of total sugar and pH were remarkably decreased when alcohol and salt were added. Total acid contents showed a remarkable increase when alcohol was not added, and in case of salt concentration. Total nitrogen contents were not remarkably changed, but the contents of amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were increased in case of low salt conuntration with alcohol. Reducing sugar contents were increased in case of low salt concentration and alcohol added. Alcohol contents were not remarkably changed in case of addition of alcohol, but when alcohol was not added and low salt concentration they showed a remarkable increase(about 2.2%). A good Kochuzang may be produced by adding 4% alcohol to a low salted one (5.1% content in Kochuzang) in seventy days of the fermentation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1759-1762
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• 2014

The enantioselective ${\alpha}$-chlorination of cyclic ${\beta}$-ketoesters catalyzed by chiral 2-aminoalcohol derivatives (2f) has been developed. For the optically active ${\alpha}$-chlorinated products, the isolated yields are in the range of 85-94% and the enantiomeric excesses are up to 84% ee.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.426-430
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• 1989

Amino alcohol-derived thiazolidinethiones [4-(S)-IPTT, 4(S)-ETT] serve as efficient chiral auxiliary in tin medicated aldol condensation. A highly enantioselective aldol-type reaction forming various ${\beta}$-hydroxy carbonyl compounds from 3-acetylthiazolidine-2-thione and achiral aldehyde is achieved via divalent tin enolate. The other advantages of these chiral auxiliaries were the ease of removal by methanolysis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2021

𝛽-Patchoulene (𝛽-PAE) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene which performed many potential bioactivities and can be found in patchouli oil but in very low concentration. This study aimed to obtained 𝛽-PAE in high concentration by conversion of patchouli alcohol (PA) in patchouli oil under acid catalyzed reaction. Patchouli oil was fractinated by vacuum distillation at 96 kPa to get the fraction with the highest PA content. H₂SO₄ and ZnCl₂ were used respectively as homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts in the conversion reaction of the selected fraction. Patchouli oil, the fractions and the products were analysed by using GC-MS and FTIR instruments. Moreover, the interaction of 𝛽-PAE to COX-2 protein was studied to understand the antiinflammation activity of 𝛽-PAE. The results showed that patchouli oil contains 25.3% of PA. The selected fraction which has the highest PA content (70.3%) was distilled at 151 - 152 ℃. The application of ZnCl₂ catalyst in conversion reaction did not succeed. In contrast, H₂SO₄ as a catalyst in acetic acid solvent succeeded in converting the overall fraction of PA to 𝛽-PAE. Furthermore, the molecular docking study of 𝛽-PAE against COX-2 enzyme showed van der Waals and alkyl-alkyl stacking interactions on ten amino acid residues.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.823-828
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• 2009

An endo-${\beta}-1$,4-xylanase (${\beta}$-xylanase) from Trichoderma harzianum C4 was purified without cellulase activity by sequential chromatographies. The specific activity of the purified enzyme preparation was 430 units/mg protein on D-xylan. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding ${\beta}$-xylanase (xynII) was amplified by PCR and isolated from cDNA PCR libraries constructed from T. harzianum C4. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA fragment contained an open reading frame of 663 bp that encodes 221 amino acids, of which the mature protein is homologous to several ${\beta}$-xylanases II. An intron of 63 bp was identified in the genomic DNA sequence of xynII. This gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains under the control of adh1 (alcohol dehydrogenase I) and pgk1 (phosphoglycerate kinase I) promoters in 2 ${\mu}$-based plasmids, which could render recombinants able to secrete ${\beta}$-xylanase into the media.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2023

The homogeneous catalyst, Ru-MACHO-BH, selectively performs hydrogenation reactions only on the carbonyl group of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde compounds with extremely high reactivity and selectivity. However, the hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes involves a heterogeneous Diels-Alder reaction, resulting in the formation of significant amounts of byproducts, such as dimers. In this study, we used the Ru-MACHO-BH catalyst (Carbonyl hydrido (tetrahydroborato) [bis (2-diphenyl phosphino ethyl) amino] ruthenium(II)) to selectively hydrogenate the carbonyl group of a specific type of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde called methacryl aldehyde, leading to the synthesis of methallyl alcohol. Simultaneously, we applied diols to inhibit the formation of byproducts. The results demonstrate that monoethylene glycol can significantly reduce the formation of diols. Based on these results, we effectively suppressed the formation of dimers containing vinyl groups in methacryl aldehyde by using hydroquinone, which can efficiently inhibit the chemical interaction of vinyl groups. Consequently, the conversion rate of methacryl aldehyde was increased. Ultimately, by reducing the amount of the expensive homogeneous catalyst Ru-MACHO-BH to 1/10, we achieved a selectivity of over 90% and a yield of over 80% for the desired product, methallyl alcohol. These results provide a method to minimize yield reduction while reducing the usage of expensive catalysts, thereby improving cost-effectiveness. We expect that the reaction could be applied to various kinds of selective hydrogenation and has been successfully run on an industrial scale.