• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1994

This paper reports a method measuring magnetostriction, Young's moduli of a substrate and film and ${\Delta}\;E$-effect with one apparatus. A substrate deposited with a thin magnetic film is parallely cantilevered paraIled to a metal plate electrode, forming a capacitive cell. The cantilever deflects due to own weight, applied electric and magnetic filed. The smaIl change of the capacitance caused by this deflection is measured by a sensitive capaci-tance bridge. Young's modulus, magnetostriction and ${\Delta}\;E$ effect can be calculated by theoretical analysis with the weight, applied field and deflection data.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 1990

In the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, isruelensis and B. thuringiensis subsp. darmstudiensis 73E10-2, were contained an immunologically homologous protein. The homologous protein was confirmed from Ouchterlony test, irnmuno-electrophoresis, and enzyme linked immunoassay by polyclonal antibodies against the delta-endotoxins of both strains.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 1998

In this study, the color reproduction algorithm considering both of luminace and chromaticity of the background light is presented and tested to BT-H 1450 monitor(Panasonic). In the case of neglecting the background effect, the Macbeth ColorChecker's 24 colors are reproduced with the average color difference ${\Delta}E_{ab}^{*}$ more than 9.0. By using this method, the average color difference ${\Delta}E_{ab}^{*}$ is decreased less than 1.0. From this study, we can find that both of luminance and chromaticity of background light are very important factors in the color reproduction on a CRT display.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

The Monascus azaphilone (MAz) pigment is a well-known food colorant that has yellow, orange and red components. The structures of the yellow and orange MAz differ by two hydride reductions, with yellow MAz being the reduced form. Orange MAz can be non-enzymatically converted to red MAz in the presence of amine derivatives. It was previously demonstrated that mppE and mppG are involved in the biosynthesis of yellow and orange MAz, respectively. However, ${\Delta}mppE$ and ${\Delta}mppG$ knockout mutants maintained residual production of yellow and orange MAz, respectively. In this study, we deleted the region encompassing mppD, mppE and mppG in M. purpureus and compared the phenotype of the resulting mutant (${\Delta}mppDEG$) with that of an mppD knockout mutant (${\Delta}mppD$). It was previously reported that the ${\Delta}mppD$ strain retained the ability to produce MAz but at approximately 10% of the level observed in the wildtype strain. A chemical analysis demonstrated that the ${\Delta}mppDEG$ strain was still capable of producing both yellow and orange MAz, suggesting the presence of minor MAz route(s) not involving mppE or mppG. Unexpectedly, the ${\Delta}mppDEG$ strain was observed to accumulate fast-eluting pigments in a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. A LC-MS analysis identified these pigments as ethanolamine derivatives of red MAz, which had been previously identified in an mppE knockout mutant that produces high amounts of orange MAz. Although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, this study has yielded an M. purpureus strain that selectively accumulates red MAz.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.526-530
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• 2010

Isopentenyl diphosphate(IPP) isomerization to dimethylallyl diphosphate(DMAPP) is an important step for the efficient production of isoprenoids such as lycopene, ${\beta}$-carotene, astaxanthin, etc. The type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803(sll1556, Syidi2) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli $DH5{\alpha}$. When E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring lycopene synthesis genes, crtE, crtB, and crtI and mevalonate pathway genes, MvK1, MvK2, and Mvd, was cultured on LB medium containing mevalonate, the strain grew very slowly be due to the toxicity of isopentenyl diphosphate derived from mevalonate. When Syidi2 was introduced to E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring the lycopene synthesis genes and mevalonate pathway genes, growth on mevalonate medium was fully restored and the colony showed red color indicating lycopene formation. The growth rate of the mutant strain, E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$(idi::${\Delta}km$), was very slow because of IPP accumulation and DMAPP deprivation. Ultimately the idi mutant was complemented by introducing the Syidi2 gene.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-174
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• 2007

In this paper, the concepts of pairwise fuzzy $G_{\delta}$-connected spaces and pairwise fuzzy $G_{\delta}$-extremally disconnected spaces are introduced. The concept of pairwise fuzzy $G_{\delta}$-basically disconnected spaces is defined. Characterizations of the above spaces are given besides giving several examples. Interrelations among the spaces introduced are discussed and some relevant counter examples are given.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1984

The rate constants for the hydrolysis of benzenesulfonylimido phosgene at various pH were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 1 : 4 dioxane-water mixed solvents at 25$^{\circ}$C and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. Based on the Grunwald-Winstein equation, m = 0.4 was obtained. The thermodynamic activation parameters for the hydrolysis were ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$ = 15kcal mol$^{-1}$, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ = 21e.u. at pH 4.0 and $ {\Delta}H^{\neq}$ = 8kcal. mol$^{-1}$, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ = -39e.u. at pH 11.0, respectively. It was concluded that the hydrolysis of benzenesulfonylimido phosgene in 1 : 4 dioxane-water mixed solvents proceed via nucleophilic addition-elimination.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color differences that can exist between different brands of dentin porcelain having identical shade designations. The instrumental colorimetric technique was used to determine these differences. The three brands of dentin porcelain used were Vita VMK-68, Shofu Vintage, and Ceramco II. The three shades selected were the Vita Lumin shades A2, B2, and C2. The color difference values were compared with each other using $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$, three variables of the CIELAB color system, and ${\Delta}E$. The results of this study were as follows: 1 Corresponding shades of different brands of dentin porcelain produced different $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ values. 2. The greatest ${\Delta}E$ value in corresponding shade was found to exist between Ceramco II and Shofu Vintage, followed by between Vita VMK-68 and Ceramco II, and then between Vita VMK-68 and Shofu Vintage. 3. The ${\Delta}E$ values in shade C2 were mainly influenced by ${\Delta}L^*$ value ; however none of ${\Delta}L^*,\;{\Delta}a^*,\;{\Delta}b^*$ values had greater influence on ${\Delta}E$ values than the others in shade A2, B2. 4. Shofu Vintage had the highest $b^*$ value, followed by Vita VMK-68, and then Ceramco II.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1984

The rate constants for the following vibration-to-vibration energy exchange reactions have been calculated theoretically for the temperature range from 300 to 800K and for n = 2 to 5. HF(v=n) + DF(v=0) ${\to}$ HF(v=n-l) + DF(v=l) + ${\Delta}E$(a) DF(v=n) + HF(v=0) ${\to}$ DF(v=n-l) + HF(v=l) + ${\Delta}E$(b) In calculation the loosely-held, non-rigid dimer collision model and semiclassical method have been employed. The results show that the rate constants for the processes (a) are much greater than those for the processes (b). Also, it is found that the rate constants for the processes (a) increase with decreasing temperature and with increasing quantum number, while those for the processes (b) show the opposite tendencies. These findings are explained in terms of the sign and magnitude of the energy mismatch, ${\Delta}E$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.205-208
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• 2013

The width dependence of Delta E has been studied by impedance resonance method in Fe-rich amorphous ribbon of as received state. It can be explained by single domain model include effective magnetic field $H_{eff}$ and demagnetization factor $N_d$. Wider width ribbon's effective is smaller than narrow it. Young's modulus also smaller than narrow width. These result well agreement in calculation. It has been also studied that linear magnetic field sensor using width dependence of Delta E under the field range 0 Oe~80 Oe. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 95 Hz/Oe.