• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Rhododendon mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nineteen constituents were identified from the essential oil: 15 carbohydrates, 3 alcohols, and 1 acetates. Major constituents were 2-${\beta}$-pinene (16.1%), camphene (11.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.4%), d,l-limonene (9.5%), and ${\gamma}$-terpinene (9.5%). By SPME extraction, seventeen constituents were identified: 13 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, 1 nitrogen-containing compound, 1 acetate, and 1 amine. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were cam phene (19.6%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (18.0%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (17.4%), trimethyl hydrazine (9.7%), ${\gamma}$-terpinene (8.5%), and d,l-limonene (5.5%). By HS extraction, thirteen constituents were identified: 11 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, and 1 nitrogen-containing compound. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were camphene (25.8%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (24.8%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (20.2%), d,l-limonene (5.4%), tricyclene (5.1%) and trimethyl hydrazine (4.6%). The fragrance of the essential oil was coniferous, balsamic, and woody, and the $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.030 ${\mu}g/mg$ in MTT assay using UaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves, stems, and roots of Acanthopanax sessiliforus growing wild in Mt. Deok-Yu was determined by GC and GC-MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-3-carene$ (7.24%), limonene (8.10%), ${\beta}-thujene$ (17.85%), trans-bicyclic hydrocarbon (13.35%) and ${\delta}-cadinene$ (4.28%) in the leaves from one year-grown plants, tricyclene (7.21%), ${\beta}-myrcene$ (7.62%), limonene (10.23%), ${\beta}-thujene$ (15.61%) and dihydroedulan I (6.12%) in the leaves from three years-grown plants, ${\delta}-3-carene$ (4.96%), limonene (5.93%), ${\beta}-phellandrene$ (17.31%) and naphthalene (7.79%) in the stems from one year-grown plants, ${\alpha}-pinene$ (5.21%), limonene (5.12%) and ${\beta}-phellandrene$ (9.82%) in the stems from three years-grown plants, ${\alpha}-pinene$ (12.73%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (11.16%), ${\delta}-3-carene$ (6.16%) and ${\gamma}-cadinene$ (23.39%) in the roots from one year-grown plants, and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (17.25%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (9.35%), ${\delta}-3-carene$ (7.26%) and ${\gamma}-cadinene$ (17.95%) in the roots from three years-grown plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves and stems of endemic Acanthopanax koreanum and A. chiisanensis collected from Mt. Deokyu was determined by GC and GC/MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-3-carene$ (31.34%), l-limonene (17.01 %), ${\beta}-elemene$(4.53%), trans-p-menth-2-ene-1,8-diol(3.13%), 1,8-cineole (4.73%), 1-dodecen-3-yne (2.64%) and (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene (3.21%) in A. koreanum, and ${\delta}-3-carene$ (14.78%), limonene (7.24%), t-ocimene (7.22%), ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (8.76%), ${\gamma}-elemene$ (4.32%), ${\beta}-selinene$ (7.72%), veridifloral (3.25%) and dodecane (2.44%) in A. chiisanensis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2001

The compositions of essential oils isolated from the leaves and fruits of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc). Endl. and Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. were analyzed through GC and GC-MS. The oil yields were 0.83% (as fresh weight) and 1.36% in the leaves and the fruits of C. obtusa, and were 0.92% and 1.28% in those of C. pisifera, respectively. More than 90 components were identified, including high contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Contents of monoteipenoids in the leaf and fruit oils of C. pisifera were higher than in those of C. obutsa. The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. obtusa were sabinene (11.81% as determined through GC peak area), limonene (7.73%), bornyl acetate (6.92%), $borneol+{\alpha}-teirineol$ (15.67%), and elemol (12.82%), and those in the fruit oil were myrcene (8.12%), ${\gamma}-terpinene$(5.91%), p-cymene(7.62%), $borneol+{\alpha}-terpineol$(6.53%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (23.74%). The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. pisifera were ${\alpha}-pinene$(32.34%), ${\delta}-3-carene$(25.28%), myrcene(11.72%), and bornyl acetate (8.77%), and those in the fruit oil were ${\alpha}-pinene$ (29.38%), ${\delta}-3-carene$(30.27%), myrcene(15.05%), and limonene(8.10%).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Caryopteris incana Miq. by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The fragrance of the essential oil was fougere and woody. There were sixty-nine constituents in the essential oil: 28 carbohydrates, 22 alcohols, 7 acetates, 7 ketones, 3 aldehydes, and 2 others. Major constituents were 4,6,6-trimethyl [1S-($1{\alpha},2{\beta},5{\alpha}$)]-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol (11.8%), taucadinol (9.4%), myrtenyl acetate (9.2%), pinocarvone (7.0%), 1-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2,7-cyclodecadiene (6.3%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.2%). By SPME extraction, forty-nine constituents were identified: 22 hydrocarbons, 16 alcohols, 6 acetates, 3 ketones, and 2 ethers. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were ${\delta}$-3-carene (12.6%), (-)-myrtenyl acetate (11.2%), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicycol [3.1.1] heptan-3-o1 (10.9%), pinocarvone (9.3%). By HS extraction, ten constituents were identified: 5 hydrocarbons, 2 amines, 1 alcohol, and 2 others. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were (Z)-2-fluoro-2-butene (34.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.9%), 6-(4-chlorophenul)tetrahydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2-oxazine (5.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value (0.011 ${\mu}g/mg$) in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was lower than those of commercially-selling rosemary and tea tree, suggesting more toxicological studies are needed for commercial use of the essential oil of Caryopteris incana Miq.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2011

Essential oil was extracted from cones of metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) by steam distillation, fragrance was determined by sensorial analysis and chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction apparatus. Metasequia contained 0.40% of essential oil in the cone. Major impact fragrances of the essential oil were woody, coniferous and herbal, and minor impact fragrances were minty, spicy and oily. There were nine constituents in the essential oil : 8 hydrocarbons and 1 oxide. Constituents were limonene (66.18%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.11%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (6.66%), ${\beta}$-myrcene (5.92%), ${\beta}$-pinene (4.14%), caryophyllene oxide (2.39%), camphene (2.32%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene (0.85%), and tricyclene (0.43%). Herbal and minty frangrances could be due to limonene and ${\delta}$-3-carene, spicy frangrance to caryophyllene, woody and coniferous frangrances to ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene, and oily fragrance to camphene.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1989

In continuation of our studies on essential oils of Angelica genus(Umbelliferae), We report on the components of essential oils obtained from the root of Angelica tenuissima Nakai(藁子). Oils were obtained from the dried roots by steam distillation and fractionated by column chromatography. Each isolate or fraction was identified by GC, GC-MS and spectral analysis. Essential oils of the root of A. tenuissima(Gaoben) were found to contain $\alpha-pinene,\;camphene,\;\beta-pinene,\;myrcene,\;\alpha-phellandrene,\;\Delta-3-carene,\;p-cymene,\;limonene,\;\gamma-terpinene,\;terpinolene,\;4-vinylguauacol,\;\gamma-elemene$, one aromatic compound, three unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols, butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide and Z-ligustilide which was the most abundant compound comprising 75% of the whole oil. Also butylphthalide and hydroxybutylidenephalide were tentatively identified.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 1997

Pectin and tannin analysis were carried out to inverstigate any available components from Pinus densiflora, P. koraiensis, P. thunbergii and P. rigida. To analyze terpenoid components, the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation method from four kinds of pine needles. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS spectroscopy. The results were summarized as follows: Pectin content was highest in P. koraiensis with 0.40%, and tannin content was highest in P. koraiensis with 1.05. Major components of P. densiflora needles were ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\Delta}^3$-carene and phytol. ${\alpha}$-Pinene, ${\Delta}^3$-carene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and camphene were found major components in P. koraiensis. Major components of P. thunbergii needles were ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene and germacrene D. ${\beta}$-Pinene, ${\alpha}$-piene, humulene oxide and ${\alpha}$-elemene were major components in P. rigida. Sabinene and citronellol were infrequent components in P. koraiensis, and ${\alpha}$-pinene oxide was present only in P. rigida. ${\alpha}$-Pinene, limonene, and bornylacetate well known as the main components of green air bath were found in P. densiflora and P. koraiensis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1977

Resistant and susceptible pine (Pinus thunbergii, Parl) trees to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis, Uchida et Inouye) were selected and monoterpene composition in one year old branches, shoots and needles of both groups have been analysed by GLC. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Monoterpene composition in either one year old branches or shoots were not affected by their directions (North or South). 2. Major monoterpenes in one year old branches were ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene. 3. In addition to ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene, ${\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, ${\Delta}^3-carene$, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene, several less volatile components which appear to be monoterpenes were also present in shoots and needles. 4. Compared with the susceptible pine, the resistant tree was found richer in limonene composition. 5. ${\beta}-Pinene$ composition in the resistant pine was less than that in the susceptible pine. 6. The difference in the composition of limonene or ${\beta}-pinene$ between two groups of pine trees was discussed in relation to the resistance to pine gall midge.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 1988

Essential oil of the root of Angelica gigas Nakai (Umbelliferae) was investigated. Essential oil was obtained from the dried roots by steam distillation and fractionated by column chromatography. Each isolate or fraction was identified by GC, GC-MS and spectral analysis. It was found to contain eleven monoterpenes such as ${\alpha}-pinene,\;camphene,\;{\beta}-pinene,\;myrcene,\;{\alpha}-phellandrene,\;{\Delta}-3-carene,\;{\alpha}-terpinene,\;p-symene,\;limonene,\;{\gamma}-terpinene$ and terpinolene and also found to contain 4-vinylguauacol, myristicin, elemol, ${\beta}-eudesmol,\;{\alpha}-eudesmol,\;four\;sesquiterpenes\;involving\;{\Delta}-elemene$. Four sesquiterpenes and five sesquiterpene alcohols were tentatively identified by comparison of their mass spectra.