• 제목/요약/키워드: $^3H$

검색결과 60,355건 처리시간 0.07초

Syntheses of Alternating Head-to Head Vinyl Copolymers and Vinyl Terpolymers via Ring-Opening Mechanism. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans

  • Lee, Ju-Yeon;Cho, I-Whan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제8권2호
    • /
    • pp.96-101
    • /
    • 1987
  • 2-Ethoxy-6-methoxy-5-cyano-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1_a$), 2-n-butoxy-6-methoxy-5-cyano-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyr an (1b), 2-isobutoxy-6-methoxy-5-cyano-3,4-dihydro-2H-py ran ($1_c$), and 2-ethoxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-5-cyano-3,4-dihydro -2H-pyran ($1_d$) were prepared by (4 + 2) cycloaddition reaction of methyl $\alpha$-cyanoacrylate with the corresponding alkyl vinyl ethers. Compounds $1_{a-d}$ were ring-open polymerized by cationic catalyst to obtain alternating head-to-head (H-H) copolymers. For comparison, head-to-tail (H-T) copolymer $3_a$ was also prepared by free radical copolymerization of the corresponding monomers. The H-H copolymer exhibited minor differences in its $1_H% NMR and IR spectra, but in the $^{13}C$ NMR spectra significant differences were observed between the H-H and H-T copolymers. Glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of H-H copolymer was higher than that of the H-T copolymer, but thermal decomposition temperature of the H-H copolymer was lower than that of the H-T copolymer. Compounds $1_a$, $a_b$, and $1_c$, copolymerized well with styrene by cationic catalyst, but compound 1d failed to copolymerize with styrene. All of the H-H and H-T copolymers were soluble in common solvents and the inherent viscosities were in the range 0.2-0.4 dl/g.

Ab initio Calculations of Protonated Ethylenediamine-(water)3 Complex: Roles of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bond Cooperativity

  • 부두완
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제22권7호
    • /
    • pp.693-698
    • /
    • 2001
  • Ab initio density functional calculations on the structural isomers, the hydration energies, and the hydrogen bond many-body interactions for gauche-, trans-protonated ethylenediamine-(water)3 complexes (g-enH+(H2O)3, t-enH+(H2O)3) have been performed. The structures and relative stabilities of three representative isomers (cyclic, tripod, open) between g-enH+(H2O)3 and t-enH+(H2O)3 are predicted to be quite different due to the strong interference between intramolecular hydrogen bonding and water hydrogen bond networks in g-enH+(H2O)3. Many-body analyses revealed that the combined repulsive relaxation energy and repulsive nonadditive interactions for the mono-cyclic tripod isomer, not the hydrogen bond cooperativity, are mainly responsible for the greater stability of the bi-cyclic isomer.

Adipogenesis에서 히스톤 H3 lysine methylation (Histone H3 Lysine Methylation in Adipogenesis)

  • 장영훈
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제30권8호
    • /
    • pp.713-721
    • /
    • 2020
  • Adipogenesis의 연구는 인간의 지방생물학의 기초적인 분자기전을 이해하고, 비만, 당뇨 및 대사성 증후군의 발병기전을 밝히는데 필요하다. Adipogenesis의 많은 연구가 adipocytes 특이적인 핵심 전사인자인 PPARγ와 C/EBPα를 중심으로 하는 유전자 발현조절 및 세포 내 신호전달에 초점이 맞추어 활발하게 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나, 에피지놈 변형효소나 히스톤 돌연변이에 의한 에피지놈 관점에서 adipogenesis 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 포유동물에서 히스톤 methylation은 유전자 발현에 대한 주요 후성유전적(epigenome) 변형 중 하나이며, 특히 히스톤 H3 lysine methylation은 다양한 조직 및 기관 발생과정과 세포 분화에 매우 중요한 히스톤 변형이다. 세포 특이적 enhancer는 adipogenesis에서 active enhancer 표지자인 H3K27ac와 함께 H3K4me1로 변형된다. MLL4는 Pparg 및 Cebpa 유전자 ehancers에서 중요한 adipogenic H3K4 mono-methyltransferase이다. 따라서 MLL4는 adipogenesis에 중요한 에피지놈 변형효소라고 할 수 있다. 유전자 발현 억제를 유발하는 대표적인 히스톤 변형인 H3K27me3은 Polycomb repressive complex 2의 효소활성 subunit인 Ezh2에 의해 매개된다. Wnt 유전자에서 Ezh2에 의한 H3K27me3 히스톤 methylation 변형은 adipogenesis를 증가시키는데, 이는 WNT 신호 전달이 adipogenesis의 억제 조절자로 알려져 있기 때문이다. 본 논문은 유전자 발현을 근본적으로 조절하는 히스톤 H3 methylation에 의한 후성 유전학적인 조절이 어떻게 adipogenesis를 조절하는지에 대해 요약한다.

산소, 질소, 그리고 황 주개 원자의 몰리브덴(Ⅴ)-산소 착물 합성과 분광학적 및 전기화학적 성질 (Molybdenum(Ⅴ)-Oxo Complexes with Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Donors. Synthesis, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties)

  • 김희정;구본권
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제39권6호
    • /
    • pp.434-439
    • /
    • 1995
  • 산소, 질소, 그리고 황 주개 원자의 이염기성 세자리 리간드로서 S-methyl-3(-2-hydroxy-x-phenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate($L^1:x=5-H$)와 그 유도체($L^2:x=5-CH_3,\;L^3:x=3CH_3O,\;L_4:x=5,6-C_4H_4\; 그리고\;x^5:ㅌ=5-NO_2$)의 6-배위 몰리브덴(V)-산소 착물, ($R_4N$)[MoO(NCS)_2L](R=CH_3,\;C_3H_5,\;n-C_4H_9)$들을 합성하고 원소분석, 몰 전도도, UV-Vis, IR, $1^H$ NMR 그리고 CV 등을 이용하여 착물의 구조와 분광학적 및 전기화학적 성질 등을 조사하였다.

  • PDF

경북지역 돼지인플루엔자 바이러스(H1N1, H3N2) 항체조사 (Seroprevalence of Swine Influenza Viruses H1N1 and H3N2 in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea)

  • 채태철;김성국;조광현;어경연;권오덕
    • 한국임상수의학회지
    • /
    • 제31권4호
    • /
    • pp.293-297
    • /
    • 2014
  • Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease prevalent in pig-growing areas worldwide. In total, 518 gilt and sow serum samples and 14 litters (66 samples) of aborted fetuses from 37 farms (average of 14 serum samples per farm) in Gyeongbuk Province were collected between September 2010 and May 2011. All samples were examined for antibodies to swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 and H3N2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The seropositive rates of gilt and sows were 59.8% (310/518) for SIV H1N1, 78.8% (408/518) for H3N2, and 55.6% (288/518) for both subtypes tested. The rate of aborted fetuses was 13.6% (9/66) for H1N1, 9.1% (6/66) for H3N2, and 9.1% for both subtypes. The seroprevalence for H1N1 in gilts and sows was 46.6% (69/148) and 65.1% (241/370), respectively, and that for H3N2 was 78.4% (116/148) and 78.9% (292/370), respectively.

Ag2CO3/Celite를 이용한 3,4-다이하이드로-2H-피란 유도체들의 합성 (Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-Pyran derivatives Utilizing Ag2CO3/Celite)

  • 김병소
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제9권4호
    • /
    • pp.331-336
    • /
    • 2006
  • An efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans is achieved by $Ag_2CO_3$/celite mediated reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with vinyl ether in moderate yields. This method has been applied to the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranochromens and 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzochromen. 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyranochromens were easily converted to 4H-pyranochromens by elimination of ethoxy group. The structures of these compound were identified by IR and $^1H$ NMR-Spectra.

  • PDF

가두기와 활어수송 스트레스가 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 생리조건에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Confinement and Transport Stress on Physiological Condition in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus)

  • 허준욱;최철영;장영진
    • 한국양식학회지
    • /
    • 제16권3호
    • /
    • pp.135-141
    • /
    • 2003
  • 활어수송전의 가두기와 활어수송 스트레스에 대한 넙치의 생리학적 반응을 조사하고자, 수송전후의 채혈시각에 따라 3그룹으로 나누어 실험하였다. 실험어류로 양식장에서 사육중인 넙치 성어(839.6$\pm$ 162.7 g, 넙치대)와 유어(98.2$\pm$14.8 g, 넙치소)를 이용하였다. 수송은 제주에서 부산까지 15시간 실시하였다. 넙치대의 cortisol농도는 수송 3시간전 4.2 ng/ml로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 92.0 ng/ml, 수송중 118.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 105.5 ng/ml로 차이를 나타냈다. B그룹은 3시간 가두기후 47.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 53.5 ng/ml로 높아졌다. C그룹은 수송중 43.5 ng/ml로부터 수송직후 71.5 ng/ml로 더욱 높아졌다. 넙치대치 glucose 농도는 수송 3시간전 39.5 mg/dl로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 121.0 mg/dl, 수송중 298.0 mg/dl, 수송직후 260.5 mg/dl로 높아졌다. Lactic acid농도는 넙치대에서 수송 3시간전 0.6 mmol/L로부터 수송직후에 A, B 및 C의 모든 그룹에서 0.9~12.0 mmol/L로 높아진 반면, 넙치소에서는 수송 3시간전 1.0 mmol/L로부터 수송직후까지 0.6~1.5 mmol/L로 낮았다. 넙치대의 삼투질 농도는 수송 3시간전 405.5 mOsm/kg으로부터 A그룹은 496.0~526.0 mOsm/kg, B그룹은 479.0~524.5 mOsm/kg, C그룹은 520.5~529.0 mOsm/kg으로 높아졌다. 결론적으로, 가두기 및 수송각업은 넙치의 혈장 cortisol, glucose, 삼투질 농도, ALT, hematocrit, 적혈구수 및 hemoglobin에 영향을 미쳤으며, 넙치소의 스트레스 반응은 넙치대 보다 적게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 가두기와 활어수송시 혈액내 cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, 삼투질 농도 및 혈액의 일반성상에 대한 기준치를 제시함으로써, 넙치의 생산성 향상과 가자미류의 생리연구에 활용될 것이다.

A Novel Linking Schiff-Base Type Ligand (L: py-CH=N-C6H4-N=CH-py) and Its Zinc Coordination Polymers:Preparation of L, 2-Pyridin-3-yl-1H-benzoimidazol, trans-[Zn(H2O)4L2].(NO3)2.(MeOH)2[Zn(NO3)(H2O)2(L)].(NO3).(H2O)2 and [Zn(L)(OBC)(H2O)] (OBC = 4,4'-Oxybis(benzoate))

  • Kim, Han-Na;Lee, Hee-K.;Lee, Soon-W.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제26권6호
    • /
    • pp.892-898
    • /
    • 2005
  • A long, bis(monodentate), linking Schiff-base ligand L (py-CH=N-$C_6H_4$-N=CH-py) was prepared from 1,4-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde by the Schiff-base condensation. Ligand L has two terminal pyridyl groups capable of coordinating to metals through their nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the same reaction between 1,2-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde produced a mixture of imidazol isomers (2-pyridin-3-yl-1H-benzoimidazole), which are connected to one another by the N-H…N hydrogen bonding to form a tetramer. From Zn($NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and ligand L under various conditions, one discrete molecule, trans- [Zn($H_2O)_4L_2]{\cdot}(NO_3)_2{\cdot}(MeOH)_2$, and two 1-D zinc polymers, [Zn$(NO_3)(H_2O)_2(L)]{\cdot}(NO_3){\cdot}(H_2O)_2$ and [Zn(L) (OBC)($H_2O$)], were prepared. In ligand L, the N$\ldots$N separation between the terminal pyridyl groups is 13.994 $\AA$, with their nitrogen atoms at the meta positions (3,3’) in a trans manner. The corresponding N$\ldots$N separations in its compounds range from 13.853 to 14.754 $\AA$.

Dephosphorylation of p53 Ser 392 Enhances Trimethylation of Histone H3 Lys 9 via SUV39h1 Stabilization in CK2 Downregulation-Mediated Senescence

  • Park, Jeong-Woo;Bae, Young-Seuk
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제42권11호
    • /
    • pp.773-782
    • /
    • 2019
  • Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells have a unique gene expression profile that is frequently accompanied by senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation can induce trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me3) and SAHFs formation by activating SUV39h1. Here, we present evidence that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53 pathway is necessary for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation. CK2 downregulation promotes SUV39h1 stability by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation in a p53-dependent manner. Moreover, the dephosphorylation status of Ser 392 on p53, a possible CK2 target site, enhances the nuclear import and subsequent stabilization of SUV39h1 by inhibiting the interactions between p53, MDM2, and SUV39h1. Furthermore, $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ is required for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3, and dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53 is important for efficient transcription of $p21^{Cip1/WAF}$. Taken together, these results suggest that CK2 downregulation induces dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53, which subsequently increases the stability of SUV39h1 and the expression of $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$, leading to H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation.

Direct Conversion of Cellulose into Polyols over Pt/CsxH3-xPW12O40

  • You, Su Jin;Baek, In Gu;Park, Eun Duck
    • 청정기술
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.13-21
    • /
    • 2013
  • 다른 분율의 Cs이 포함된 Pt/$Cs_xH_{3-x}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매를 제조하여 셀룰로우스의 폴리올로의 수소화분해반응를 수행하였다. 촉매의 비표면적과 Pt의 분산도는 Pt/$Cs_xH_{3-x}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매의 Cs 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 Pt/$Cs_xH_{3-x}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매의 Cs의 함량이 변함에도 불구하고 비슷한 폴리올 수득률을 보였다. Pt/$Cs_xH_{3-x}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매의 반응 활성은 Ni/W/SBA-15와 두 가지의 복합촉매(Pt/AC+$H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$과 Pt/AC+$Cs_{3.0}PW_{12}O_{40}$)와 비슷하였다. 이 반응을 진행하는 동안 Pt/$Cs_xH_{3-x}PW_{12}O_{40}$ 촉매로부터 헤테로폴리 음이온이 침출되는 것을 확인하였다.