• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1986

The effect of dopamine on the propagation and the frequency electrical activities (slow wave) of the stomach was studied in isolated stomach muscle strips of 145 cats, The gastric slow wave monopolarly recorded by four capillary electrodes (Ag-AgCl) in Krebs-Ringer solution $(ph\;7.4,\;temperature\;36{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C)$ bubbled with 5% $CO_2$ in $O_2$. Dopamine caused concentration-dependent changes of direction of slow wave propagation with decline in development of irregular propagation by domperidone pretreatment. Dopamine also increased the variation of slow wave frequency concentration-dependently. The variation of slow wave frequency induced by dopamine was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with domperidone and phentolamine but not with propranolol, hexamethonium and tetrodotoxin. It is therefore suggested that dopamine plays a role in the genesis of gastric electrical abnormality acting on dopamine receptors and partly on ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ receptors in cats.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2023

In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus No.42 was cultured in glucose-peptone-yeast-wheat bran medium using a previously reported novel rotary draft tube bioreactor. Versatile peroxidase (VP), a lignin-degrading enzyme, was isolated from a pellet-type mycelium culture grown in the medium for seven days. The VP was purified by sequentially applying ultra-filtration, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column, and Mono Q column. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular weight of VP to be 36.4 KDa with an isoelectric point of 3.65. The amino acid sequence was confirmed as VTCATGQTT. The purified VP was observed to possess the property of not only oxidizing Mn ions but also decomposing veratryl alcohol, a non-phenolic compound. The catalytic ability of VP is a subject for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.565-578
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• 1992

It has been suggested that Hg$^{2+}$-promoted reaction of a series of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) with L = NH$_3$, NH$_2$CH$_3$, glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN proceeds by dissociative interchange(I$_d$) mechanism from kinetic data, circular dichroism spectra, analyses of products, and the values of m(Grunwald-Winstein plot) using Y (solvent ionizing power) in aqueous solution and in mixed aqueous-organic solvent. It has been found that chloride replacement by water (aquation) for the series with L = NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ and chelation of ligand L to Co(Ⅲ) for the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN occurs, respectively. The rate constants on Hg$^{2+}$-induced reaction of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were increased with increasing the contents of ethanol in mixed water-ethanol solvents. In mixed water-30${\%}$ organic solvents, the rate constants of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ have also been measured in the order 30${\%}$ 2-propanol-water > 30${\%}$ ethanol-water > water. However, the rate constants of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were reversed. The rate constants of the series with L= NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ were related to ligand field parameter (${\Delta}$), but those of the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CN were not. The reaction between the series and Hg2+ in aqueous media containing NO$_3^-$ has been investigated. The results for the reaction do not alter the mechanism, but the rate only was altered.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of the weathered shale soils distributed in the Hwasun area have been measured in the laboratory. The physical and mechanical properties of the weathered shale soils in the study area as follows: the specific gravity is 2.66 to 2.68, the liquid limit is 36.39 to 36.92(%), the plastic limit is 18.53 to 19.48(%), the plasticity index is 17.44 to 17.86 and soil classification is CL. The maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content as calculated by compaction test is 22.5 to 23% and 1.58 to $1.61t/\textrm{m}^3$, respectively. The result of direct shear testing show that cohesion in saturated and unsaturated conditions increases according to the increase of dry unit weight. Internal friction angle in an unsaturated condition increases with an increase of dry unit weight, but in a saturated condition, it increases after decreasing. When compares with engineering characteristics of tile weathered shale soils in the Daegu area (Kim et al., 1995), specific gravity is found to be similar, but the liquid and plastic limit of soil samples in this study area is slightly higher than those of soil samples in the Daegu area.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

Purpose: We investigated the effects of the combined therapy in rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by type II collagen for 28 days, which consisted of the oral administration of the AR and EA applied to zusanli acupoint(ST36). Methods: Normal group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to normal rats. Control group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group I was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group II was given 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. Group III was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ and 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. We Observed effect of the histopathological changes by H&E stain of liver, kidney, knee joint and ELSIA of cytokines($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results: 1. The vacuolization of liver tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 2. The glomerular sclerosis of kidney tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 3. The erosion of arthritic site of knee joint tissue was decreased group I, II, III comparing with control group. In particular group III was the most effective comparing with group I, II on the histopathological view. 4. In the ELSIA test of $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration, Control group significantly increased in the concentration more than group I, II, III. The rate of increase in concentration slowed down in group III more than group I, II(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that 500 mg/kg of AR extracts and EA have clear therapeutic effect on the rheumatoid arthritis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1999

A study on the hydrolysis of anchovy using proteolytic bacteria isolated from anchovy jeotkal (a salt-fermented fish) was carried out to develop a rapid process of liquefied anchovy jeotkal. Five kinds of proteolytic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus sp.-l, Photobacterium sp., Volcaniella sp., Staphylococcus sp.-2 and Bacillus sp., were isolated from the anchovy jeotka1 that fermented with $20\%$ NaCl at room temperature for 2 months. Those grew well at $40^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 on TPY broth with $2.0\%$ NaCl. The optimal hydrolysis temperature, pH, time and proteolytic bacteria densities for hydrolysis of minced anchovy were$40^{\circ}C$, 7.0, 6 hours and $1.8\times10^8$ cells/g raw anchovy, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1729-1733
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• 2012

The solvolysis rate constants of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate ($Cl_3CCH_2OCOCl$, $\mathbf{3}$) in 30 different solvents are well correlated with the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, using the $N_T$ solvent nucleophilicity scale and the $Y_{Cl}$ solvent ionizing scale, with sensitivity values of $1.28{\pm}0.06$ and $0.46{\pm}0.03$ for $l$ and $m$, respectively. The activation enthalpies (${\Delta}H^{\neq}$) are 10.1 to 12.8 $kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and the activation entropies (${\Delta}S^{\neq}$) are -27.8 to -36.8 $cal{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, which is consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism. The kinetic solvent isotope effect ($k_{MeOH}/k_{MeOD}$) of 2.39 is also in accord with $S_N2$ mechanism probably assisted by general-base catalysis.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

The empty fruit bunch fibers(EFB) of oil palm were examined for optimal utilization of the EFB fibers. The EFB fibers were obtained by shredding EFB, followe by removal of fines. The surface properties of the fibers were modified with various pre-treatments, such as hot water extraction, the soaking treatments with NaOH, $ClO_2$ and n-hexane. The changes in the fiber surface were examined with FT-IR method, which showed the changes in chemical compositions such as pectin, lignin, and etc. according to the pre-treatment methods. And the z-directional tensile testing of the fiber mold made of the treated EFB fibers showed the changes in the bonding strength by the pre-treatments. The fiber mold made of EFB fibers treated with $ClO_2$ showed the greater increase in the tensile energy absorption although the NaOH treatment resulted in the severer impact on the EFB fibers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1994

A water sample was taken from a black smoker chimney of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent by using an unmanned submersible "Dolphin 3K". The temperature of the hydrothermal fluid from the black smoker was $276^{\circ}C$. After isolation by repeated serial dilutions, An extremely thermophilic bacterial strain was selected. The strain designated as DT1331, was an anaerobic, non-motile, coccoid shaped bacterium with about 0.5 to $1.0\;\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter. The strain DT1331 could grow up to $93^{\circ}C$, but the optimum temperature of this strain was $80^{\circ}C$. The growth occurred in the pH range of 4.5 to 8.5 and the optimum pH was 6.0. The strain DT1331 required 1% to 5% NaCl for growth and cell lysis was observed below 1% NaCl concentration. The bacterium could grow on polypeptides such as tryptone, peptone, soytone and on proteins such as casein or gelatin. However, no growth was observed on single amino acids, sugar and organic acids. Hydrogen gas was detected slightly during growth. This bacterium obligately required elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide gas was produced during growth.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.23-36
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• 2007

Objective : We performed this study in order to investigate the effects of Paljeongsan-gamibang(八正散加味方) on the renal failure. Methods : We injected 8ml/kg of 50% glycerol on the rats. And then administered Paljeongsan-gamibang extract ; 209mg/200g/day to sample group during 3 days and observed the body temperature, urine volume, stool volume and the levels of creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine, tyrosine in blood and creatinine, glucose, threonine, tyrosine in urine. Results : 1, The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a suppressive effect of body temperature, an improving effect in capability of concentrating urine at convoluted tubule and showed an increasing effect of stool volume. 2. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a lowering effect in creatinine level in blood and showed an increasing effect in the levels of inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine and tyrosine in blood. 3. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed an increasing effect in creatinine level in urine and showed a lowering effect in the levels of glucose, inorganic phosphorus, threonine and tyrosine in urine. Conclusions : Conclusively, Paljeongsan-gamibang was recognized to have a curative effect against the damage of rat kidney induced by 50% glycerol, especially to improve the capability of reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule.