• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1976

In order to study the chelating action of d-penicillamine on lead and the possibility of its application to the provocation test for diagnosis of lead poisoning, urinary excretion of lead was measured from 24-hour urine samples before, during and after administration of d-penicillamine by oral route for 5 days on 18 lead workers. The results were as follows: 1. Oral d-penicillamine 600 mg/day raised the excretion of urinary lead by approximately 3 times as compared with initial urinary lead level. 2. Initial urinary lead level was the better indicator of urinary lead excretion in d-penicillamine administration than initial blood lead ${\delta}-ALA$ and hemoglobin level. 3. Oral d-penicillamine may be quite useful in provocation test for lead poisoning.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.205-211
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• 1989

We report a case of acute intermittent porphyria presenting with variable symptoms and signs such as hypertention, polyneuropathy, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and cerebral infarction. A 47 year-old female patient entered hospital with abdominal pain followed by generalized seizure. She was diagnosed to have acute intermittent porphyria in consequence of Watson-Schwartz test and ${\delta}$-ALA in 24 hours urine, but died of respiratory failure.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.565-578
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• 1992

It has been suggested that Hg$^{2+}$-promoted reaction of a series of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) with L = NH$_3$, NH$_2$CH$_3$, glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN proceeds by dissociative interchange(I$_d$) mechanism from kinetic data, circular dichroism spectra, analyses of products, and the values of m(Grunwald-Winstein plot) using Y (solvent ionizing power) in aqueous solution and in mixed aqueous-organic solvent. It has been found that chloride replacement by water (aquation) for the series with L = NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ and chelation of ligand L to Co(Ⅲ) for the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN occurs, respectively. The rate constants on Hg$^{2+}$-induced reaction of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were increased with increasing the contents of ethanol in mixed water-ethanol solvents. In mixed water-30${\%}$ organic solvents, the rate constants of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ have also been measured in the order 30${\%}$ 2-propanol-water > 30${\%}$ ethanol-water > water. However, the rate constants of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were reversed. The rate constants of the series with L= NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ were related to ligand field parameter (${\Delta}$), but those of the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CN were not. The reaction between the series and Hg2+ in aqueous media containing NO$_3^-$ has been investigated. The results for the reaction do not alter the mechanism, but the rate only was altered.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 1985

Thermal-denaturation of myofibrillar protein of dorsal skeletal muscle from file fish was investigated by measuring denaturation constant($K_D$) and thermodynamic parameters at various temperatures. The protective effects of sucrose, sorbitol and amino acids when added individually or combined were also discussed. The denaturation rate as reflected in inactivation of myofibrillar protein Ca-ATPase was followed the first order reaction. The $K_D$ values at $25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;and\;35^{\circ}C$ were $19.52{\times}10^{-5},\;112.25{\times}10^{-5},\;and\;247.20{\times}10^{-5}$, respectively. The activation energy of the reaction at $30^{\circ}C$ was 43 kcal/mole. The protective effects of sucrose, sorbitol, glycine, alanine and Na-glutamate were increased with the concentration but the effects of sorbitol and Na-glutamate decreased beyond 1.0 mole. Basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine did not revealed any protective effect on the thermal denaturation. In case of mixed addition, the effects of Na-glutamate to glycine, sorbitol to glycine, and sorbitol to sucrose or sorbitol to Na-glutamate were enhanced 1.2 to 7.0 times as much as that of control (ratio of mixing; 1:1, range of concentration; 0.5 to 1.25 mole). Under the frozen condition at $-20^{\circ}C$, two mixtures such as Na-glutamate to glycine and sorbitol to sucrose apparently revealed the protective effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-207
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to confirm whether plasma lead can be used as a chronic biomarker for the biological monitoring of exposure to lead. Methods: Lead concentrations in 66 plasma samples from retired lead workers (G.M. 60.25 years, Median 61.00 years) and 42 plasma samples from the general population (G.M. 53.76 years, Median 56.50 years) were measured using ICP/Mass. Tibia, whole blood, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood zinc protophorphyrin (ZPP) concentrations and urinary ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (${\delta}-ALA$) were measured for correlation analysis with plasma lead. Results: The geometric mean concentration of lead in plasma was $0.23{\mu}g/L$ for the retired lead workers and $0.10{\mu}g/L$ for the general population sample. A simple correlation analysis of biomarkers showed that plasma lead concentration among the retired lead workers was highly correlated with lead concentration in the tibia and with blood lead concentration, and the plasma lead concentration among the general population correlated with ZPP concentration in the blood. The lead concentration in the tibia and the lead concentration in the whole blood increased with length of working period. As the period in the lead workplace increased, the ratio of lead in plasma to lead concentration in whole blood decreased. Conclusion: This study confirmed the possibility of a chronic biomarker of lead concentration in blood plasma as a biomarker. In the future, comparative studies with specific indicators will lead to more fruitful results.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 1994

Our purpose was to gain insight into a possible modulatory role for ${\mu},\;{\delta},\;and\;{\kappa}$ opioid receptors by neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, thioridazine, haloperidol, sulpiride, and pimozide) in chronic morphine 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg treated mouse striatum. We attempted quantitative receptor assays using highly specific radioligands, $[^3H]\;DAGO\;([D-Ala^2,\;N-Mephe^4,\;Glycol^5]\;enkephalin)$, $[^3H]DPDPE\;([D-Pen^2,\;D-Pen^5]\;enkephalin)$ and $[^3H]\;DPN(diprenorphine)$ to measure the binding affinity in the experimental groups. The decrease of $[^3H]DAGO$ binding was potentiated by sulpiride and pimozide in the chronic morphine treatment (5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). The decrease of $[^3H]DPDPE$ binding was inhibited by chlorpromazine, thioridazine, haloperidol, sulpiride, and pimozide in chronic morphine treatment (5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). The decrease of $[^3H]\;DPN$ binding was significantly inhibited by chlorpromazine, thioridazine, sulpiride, and pimozide in chronic morphine 20 mg/kg treatment. $[^3H]\;DPN$ binding on the neuroleptics was antagonized by naloxone pretreatment in chronic morphine 20 mg/kg treatment. These findings suggest that neuroleptics influence opposing tonically active on the ${\delta},\;and\;{\kappa}$ opioid receptor compared with ${\mu}$ opioid receptor in the chronic morphine treated mouse striatum.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1835-1838
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• 2009

Inhibition of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (hPNMT) has been proposed as a method for the treatment of several mental processes which related on adrenaline metabolism. We performed in silico screening to identify flavonoid inhibitors of hPNMT using automated docking method and selected 9 inhibitor candidates based on ligand score (LigScore) and binding free energy (${\Delta}G_{bind}$) estimation. Among 9 flavonoid candidates, 7 flavonoids belong to flavones while the rest of them belong to flavanone. All candidates have common chemical features; two hydrogen bond interactions with side chain of Lys75 and backbone carbonyl oxygen of Asn39, and two hydrophobic interactions. One hydrophobic site is formed by Val53, Leu262, and Met258 and the other is made up of Phe182, Ala186, Tyr222, and Val269. This study can be helpful to understand the structural features for inhibition of PNMT and showed flavonoids as promising inhibitor candidates for hPNMT.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Opioid receptors have been pharmacologically classified as ${\mu}$, ${\delta}$, ${\kappa}$ and ${\varepsilon}$. We have recently reported that the antinociceptive effect of morphine (a ${\mu}$-opioid receptor agonist), but not that of ${\beta}$-endorphin (a novel ${\mu}/{\varepsilon}$-opioid receptor agonist), is attenuated by whole body irradiation (WBI). It is unclear at present whether WBI has differential effects on the antinociceptive effects of ${\mu}-$, ${\delta}-$, ${\kappa}-$ and ${\varepsilon}$-opioid receptor agonists. In our current experiments, male ICR mice were exposed to WBI (5Gy) from a $^{60}Co$ gamma-source and the antinociceptive effects of opioid receptor agonists were assessed two hours later using the hot water ($52^{\circ}C$) tail-immersion test. Morphine and $D-Ala^2$, $N-Me-Phe^4$, Gly-olenkephalin (DAMGO), [$D-Pen^2-D-Pen^5$] enkephalin (DPDPE), trans-3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide (U50,488H), and ${\beta}$-endorphin were tested as agonists for ${\mu}$, ${\delta}$, ${\kappa}$, and ${\varepsilon}$-opioid receptors, respectively. WBI significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effects of morphine and DAMGO, but increased those of ${\beta}$-endorphin. The antinociceptive effects of DPDPE and U50,488H were not affected by WBI. In addition, to more preciously understand the differential effects of WBI on ${\mu}-$ and ${\varepsilon}$-opioid receptor agonists, we assessed pretreatment effects of ${\beta}$-funaltrexamine (${\beta}$-FNA, a ${\mu}$-opioid receptor antagonist) or ${\beta}$-$endorphin_{1-27}$ (${\beta}$-$EP_{1-27}$, an ${\varepsilon}$-opioid receptor antagonist), and found that pretreatment with ${\beta}$-FNA significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effects of morphine and ${\beta}$-endorphin by WBI. ${\beta}$-$EP_{1-27}$ significantly reversed the attenuation of morphine by WBI and significantly attenuated the increased effects of ${\beta}$-endorphin by WBI. The results demonstrate differential sensitivities of opioid receptors to WBI, especially for ${\mu}-$ and ${\varepsilon}$-opioid receptors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.248-251
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• 2008

During survey of blood lead concentration of workers who worked in lead refining industry, we found that some foreign workers showed increased blood lead level compared with that of domestic workers. The mean concentration of lead in blood for foreign workers (15%, 13 workers, mean age: 29) was 55.8 ug/dL which was over biological exposure index, while that of Korean workers (85%, 76 workers, mean age: 42) was 28.9 ug/dL. Some other biological markers of lead exposure such as ZPP and ${\delta}-ALA$ also showed elevated levels. Most of foreign workers stayed in dormitories near or in the factories that may cause to let them under the condition of 24 hours exposure of lead. The lack of safety manual on proper prevention of lead exposure in their own language for effective communication may be one of reasons of elevated blood lead concentration of foreign workers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1999

In order to modify lipid production of Perilla qualitatively as well as quantitatively by genetic engineering, genes involved in carbon metabolism were isolated and characterized. These include acyl-ACP thioesterases from Perilla frutescens and Iris sp., four different $\beta$-ketoacyl- ACP synthases from Perilla frutescens, and two $\Delta$15 a-cyl-ACP desaturases(Pffad7, pffad3). Δ15 acyl-ACP desa turase (Δ15-DES) is responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to $\alpha$-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3). pffad 3 encodes Δ15 acyl-desaturase which is localized in ER membrane. On the other hand, Pffad7 encodes a 50 kD plastid protein (438 residues), which showed highest sequence similarity to Sesamum indicum fad7 protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that the Pffad7 is highly expressed in leaves but not in roots and seeds. And Pffad3 is expressed throughout the seed developmental stage except very early and fully mature stage. We constructed Pffad7 gene under 355 promoter and Pffad3 gene under seed specific vicillin promoter. Using Pffad7 construct, Perilla, an oil seed crop in Korea, was transformed by Agrobacterium leaf disc method. $\alpha$-linolenic acid contents increased in leaves but decreased in seeds of transgenic Perilla. Currently, we are transforming Perilla with Pffad3 construct to change Perilla seed oil composition. We isolated three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) genes from Perilla immature seed specific cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that two of three AGP (Psagpl, Psagp2) genes encode AGP small subunit polypeptides and the remaining (Plagp) encodes an AGP large subunit. PSAGPs, AGP small subunit peptide, form active heterotetramers with potato AGP large subunit in E. coli expressing plant AGP genes.