• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.590-595
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• 2005

The following conclusions are produced by the consideration of Bojungikki-tang(補中益氣湯) from the view point of Hyungsang medicine. A review on the explanation and provisions of Bojungikki-tang stipulated in 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)' results in the idea that the main purpose of Dongwon(東垣) and various application in clinic by Jeesan(芝山) cannot be understood without the deep comprehension of ki(especially Jungki and Wonki) and the fire. Jungki(中氣, the middle warmer ki) is the ki of stomach. Wonki(元氣, the original ki) is a combination of innate Jung(先天之精, Ki stored between the two kidneys) and acquired Jung(後天之精, Ki of the stomach) and the sources of five Jang and six Bu, twelve meridians and triple warmer. Yin fire is referred to the ministerial fire of spleen, liver and kidney. Excess or lack of the ministerial fire can cause a disease and especially the excess of it is harmful to original ki. Deficiency of original ki is thought to be a cause of allergic diseases. Damages on the original ki by the abdominal surgery lead to a disease. Pale complexion, long face and the long limbs are considered as the Hyungsang of deficiency of Jung ki by Jeesan. Clinical cases of Bojungikki-tang in Hyungsang medicine draw the following conclusions ; Bojungikki-tang is usually prescribed to the person who has one of the following Hyungsang : Bangkwang type, pale complexion, long face, short-sight, astigmatism and wrinkles on face. Bojungikki-tang can be applied to the every disease caused by the deficiency of original ki regardless of name and symptoms of disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

The following conclusions were obtained from the studies on Bangpuntongseongsan both from the documents and Hyungsang medicine. Bangpungtongseong-san was created by Yu Wan-so to relieve both interior and exterior of disease from the pathogenic fire, and it cures wind syndrome and dry syndrome. Bangpungtongseong-san is of light herbal combination and it works in the upper part of the body and is mainly applied to skin disease. Perspiration without harming the exterior and purgation without hurting the interior shows that it is not a severe prescription belonging to meditation therapy. It is mostly used for curing the disease of internal heat caused by over drinking and consuming heavy food, and it has special relationship with Yangmyung meridian. It is mentioned in the chapters of spirit, head, face, eye, ear, nose, throat, skin, hair, prescription, wind, dryness, fire, internal damage, epidemic infectious disease, carbuncle and cellulitis, ulceration, and pediatrics of ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$. It is usually applied to those who belong to Yangmyung type of the six meridian types or wind type, who has excessive heat, people with red complexion, reddened nose, pimples over the face and nose, coarse heel, loss of hair due to wind-heat, and to those who tend to have dandruff. Through examination over the cases treated with Hyungsan medicine, Bangpungtongseong-san was found efficacious in bloodshot eyes, brandy nose, loss of hair, various skin problems, tetanus, acute alcoholism, paralysis of hand and foot, deafness, and tinnitus.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-124
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• 2010

In this study, we considered the usecase of formulas containing either Fritillaria Bulb (川貝母) or Fritillaria Thunbergii Bulb (浙貝母). These two medicinal materials are distinguished in the Korea Pharmacopoeia and circulating the market separately. But only term "貝母" is traditionally written for describing formulas, and the proper material will have to be determined by a subjective point of view. So, we have comparatively studied the nature, flavor, meridian entry, effect and indication of two materials first. Then we have chosen 54 formulas that "貝母" was used as a primary material from the Donguibogam and the Bangyachappyun, and we have compared effects, indications of two materials and indication of 54 formulas. Finally, we have suggested proper materials for each formula by referring the results above and sentences, which is explaining formulas and the roles of materials in the combination for treatment. The analysis showed that Fritillaria Bulb is proper to 15 formulas, Fritillaria Thunbergii Bulb is proper to 31 ones. This number is 85.2% of 54 formulas and this result shows that we need to distinguish between two materials for "貝母" in the formulas from old traditional literature. For the rest 8 formulas (14.8%), we could not analyze which material is proper or not.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2015

Objectives : To investigate the progress, characteristics, and reasons of CV12 moxibustion that King Sukjong of Joseon Dynasty had experienced 31 years since 1684. Methods : This study mainly extracted the records and related records about CV12 moxibustion of King Sukjong and relevant records from Seungjeongwon Ilgi, and analyzed them. Aside from that, medical books wrote at that time and relevant records were additionally investigated. Results : King Sukjong cauterized CV12 or other CV12 related acupoints with moxa 21 years out of his 31 years from 1684 to 1714. The cautery period was usually between late January and mid February. He had 100 pieces of moxa for cautery. On the last day of his moxibustion, he cauterized ST36 with moxa. The moxibustion process consisted of the following steps: suggestion or requirement of moxibustion, decision of date and time, and moxa cautery. In 1684, the reason why King Sukjong cauterized CV12 with moxa was to treat his joint pain and nauseous symptoms. The effect can be found in Donguibogam, many other Korean medical books, and other general books at that time. In 1685, he began to cauterize CV12 with moxa to prevent diseases. Since then, most moxa cautery on CV12 had been performed in the same context. Conclusions : For 21 years, King Sukjong repeatedly cauterized CV12 with moxa. The moxa therapy was conducted to prevent diseases mostly. And King Sukjong had a lot of interest in the therapy. For the reasons, the therapy had repeatedly been performed so long.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2009

Jejung Sinpyeon (New Edition of Medical Prescriptions) is a medical book that was compiled in order to overcome the shortcomings of Donguibogam (Exemplar of Korean Medicine), to improve and offer prescriptions suitable for new diseases according to the changing times, and simply to publish new medical books. As a result of an analysis of Yakseongga of Jejung Sinpyeon (a book of medicine written by Kang Myeong-gil in 1799, the 23rd year of the reign of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty), it was found that a total of 303 lines had been quoted from Wan-bing-hui-chun of the Ming Dynasty of China] and Dongeui Susebowon and that 83 lines had been newly inserted by the author. Of the 303 lines, 296 were quoted from Dongeui Susebowon, and only seven from Wan-bing-hui-chun. This means that the author of Jejung Sinpyeon chiefly used Dongeui Susebowon as the source of Yakseongga quoted therein. 275 lines, or 76%, of a total of 386 lines of Yakseongga of Jejung Sinpyeon, have their Korean names marked. Medicinal herbs marked as Chinese herbs number 83 out of 386. Among the 83 herbs named, one belongs to the part newly inserted by the author, while the remaining 82 are quoted from Yakseongga. The foregoing suggests that the author expected that the knowledge could be used by people easily based on an effort to make it localized knowledge, although Yakseongga was compiled based on quotations from Chinese literature. Yakseongga of Jejung Sinpyeon has significant value as the country's first State-compiled book of medicine to contain Yakseongga.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2017

Objectives: To develop and investigate the reliability of the pathologic aging scale based on korean medical theory and korean medical pattern identification for dementia. Methods: We searched the textbook of korean neurophychiatry and Donguibogam and selected items through professional consensus. We compared between dementia(n=40) and normal elderly(n=38) and tested the reliability of two scales. Results: After professional consensus, we drafted the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale(12 items, Likert 3 scale) and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia(4 patterns, 28 items, Likert 5 scale). On Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale, There is no significant difference between two groups. We had good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability(r=0.631) but low inter-rater reliability(r=0.430). On Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia, dementia patients diagnosed with Qi deficiency are significantly more than those in normal group. We had fairly good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.574) and excellent test-retest(kappa= .800) and inter-rater reliability(kappa = .733). Conclusions: Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia is appropriate for diagnosing korean medical pattern. But Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale isn't appropriate to discriminate dementia from normal elderly because of many subjective items. Therefore objective measurement of sensory dysfunction would be needed to measure pathologic aging based on korean medical theory.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Objectives This paper investigates the origin, the progressive changes and the constructive principles of Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang(猪苓車前子湯).Methods Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on previous literature including 『Sanghannon(傷寒論)』, 『Keumkuaeyoryak(金匱要略)』, 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元‧四象草本卷)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Gabogubon(東醫壽世保元‧甲午舊本)』, 『Donguisusebowon‧Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元‧辛丑本)』Results and Conclusions 1) The origin of Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang is discovered in the prescriptions for Lee-su(利水), that is, Jeoryoung-tang(猪苓湯). 2) Ohryoung-san(五苓散) introduced in 『Donguisusebowon‧Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元‧四象草本卷)』progressively transformed into Shihosaryoung-san(柴胡四苓散)(『Donguisusebowon‧Gabogubon(東醫壽世保元 ‧甲午舊本)』) and ultimately into Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang(『Donguisusebowon‧Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元‧辛丑本)』), a prescription appropriate for usage in the Mangeum symptomatology(亡陰證). 3) The Jeoryoungchajeonja-tang is composed of 10 herbs. Of these, Notopterygium incisum Ting(羌活), Aralia cordata Thunb.(獨活), Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(荊芥), Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk.(防風) make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.(知母), Gypsum fibrosum(石膏) scatter the uihwa(胃火), and Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓), Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉), Polyporus umbellatus Fr.(猪苓), Plantago asiatica L.(車前子) facilitate urination.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1030-1033
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• 2007

Following conclusions about Taeyang meridian and Taeyang type were obtained through studies with reference to the books of ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaegyung${\gg}$, and ${\ll}$Special Lectures of Master Jisan on Medical cases${\gg}$ . Park noticed that there was difference in the development of 12 meridians among the individuals and tried to apply it in the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease, thereby creating the theory of the six meridian types. The literal basis is assumed to a phrase in ${\ll}$YoungChu GyungMaek${\gg}$ , ‘人經不同 絡脈異所別也’. Taeyang meridian runs through the back of the human body. The concept of TaeYang includes surface, starting point, diffusion of Yang Gi, and emission. Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang manages the liquid and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang manages the muscle. There is much flow of blood and less of Gi in Taeyang meridian which makes the connection to hair, flesh, liquid, muscle and vessel. Taeyang conceals and condenses objects because it belongs to Hansu according to division of Six atmospheric influences and to the winter. The articulation is stiff and urination and elimination are abnormal when disease occurs in this meridian. The pathology of Taeyang meridian would be the invasion of outer filthy Gi affecting the Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang which then again makes Kidney meridian of foot Soeum sick. The two meridians compose the outer part and the inner part of th body. The bladder itself becomes sick sometimes. The condition of less Gi in Taeyang meridian can easily result in the shortage of Gi, and much blood makes the person to have a lofty ideal or to have capricious behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2016

Hae-Yong Shin was a renowned merchant during the transitional period from Korean Imperialism to Japanese Occupation, and devoted his life during the period of Japanese Occupation as a proponent of patriotic enlightenment movement and translator. He also authored many medical and scientific works; in particular, he integrated the modern Western medicine into the Korean herbal medicine in his writings. His early works include New Edition of Natural History (1907), Physiology published in six series in the YaRoe, a magazine for the patriotic enlightenment movement, and the New Edition of Zoology (1908). These writings are assumed to have deepened Shin's knowledge of and insights into human and animal physiologies and anatomies. In the Danbang-Biyo-Gyeongheom-Shinpyeon (1913), he sought to incorporate the aspects of the Western medicine while mainly adopting the approach of the Korean herbal medicine. While keeping the contents and formations of Donguibogam, he recorded many empirical prescriptions and deleted theories incomprehensible for the general population, shamanic prescriptions, and poisonous and deadly ingredients. Its most salient features are the use of the Korean vernacular script for explications and simple ingredients for prescriptions. As medicinal materials, he presented commonly found low-cost native ingredients easily obtainable and affordable for. In the disciplines of childbirth, childbearing, and first aid, he adopted Western medical treatments. Danbangshinpyeon is particularly significant in that it contributed to public health by spreading practical basic medical knowledge in the vernacular script easily applicable at home in difficult situations for obtaining medical services under the Japanese colonial rule.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.215-223
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• 2006

This research surveyed oriental medicine therapies currently used in oriental medicine circles by referring to oriental medicine books-based existing traditional authentic therapies, as well as market-sold supplementary therapy-related ordinary health books and Internet information, and supplementary therapy-related dissertations, reviewed the fundamental operating significance of these therapies, and pursued their clinical operating measures based on their clinical information as follows Various therapies currently used in oriental medicine circles are categorized into authentic therapies and supplementary therapies in oriental medicine. Authentic therapies in Oriental medicine are based on bodily self-vitality abilities, pursue positive methods of treating diseases, and include medication therapies, acupuncture therapies, and external therapies. Supplementary therapies in oriental medicine are based on bodily self-vitality abilities, pursue indirect methods of treating diseases, and consist of lifestyle therapy and body management therapy. Authentic and supplementary therapies in Oriental medicine are used either separately or together according to clinical treatment methods. In treating diseases, clinical operating methods exclusively based on traditional authentic therapies and supplementary therapies include Donguibogam (anthology of ancient oriental medicine), Uihakipmun (introduction to medicine), Somun school, and bodily acupuncture according to diagnoses of symptoms, as well as sasangbang (prescription based on four types of bodily constitution), myeongribang prescription, hyeongsangbang prescription, and bodily constitution-based acupuncture according to diagnoses of bodily constitutions. In clinical operation of Oriental medicine, supplementary therapies are parity duplicated dy alternative medicine. However, given patients' needs and clinical practicality, Oriental medicine circles should establish a system based on the fundamental viewpoint of Oriental medicine theories, and corresponding policies should also be researched.