Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/aas.2021.8.3.251

Computational ablative thermal response analysis of carbon/phenolic composites for thermal protection system  

Park, Taehoon (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University)
Lee, Kang-Hyun (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University)
Yun, Gun Jin (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science / v.8, no.3, 2021 , pp. 251-271 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study presents an efficient computational methodology to perform ablative thermal response analysis of carbon/phenolic composites by introducing a novel dual-domain technique for heat transfer and gas diffusion physics. Phenomena such as in-depth heat transfer, material decomposition (i.e. pyrolysis), in-depth gas diffusion, and surface recession required for ablation analysis of carbon/phenolic composites are simulated. The proposed method is verified with reference simulation test data from Ablation Workshop for a one-dimensional model under four different combinations with surface heat flux, temperature, pressure boundary conditions, and surface recession conditions verified. A two-dimensional ablation problem was also solved, showing its scalability. Temperatures, recession depth, depth of boundaries between layers, the mass flux of char, and pyrolysis gas are obtained and compared with the reference for all cases.
Keywords
charring ablation; carbon/phenolic composite; finite element analysis; thermal protection system;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Dec, J.A. and Braun, R.D (2012), "Ablative thermal response analysis using the finite element method", J. Thermophys. Heat Transf., 26, 201-212. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T3694.   DOI
2 Ewing, M.E. and Pincock, B (2017), "Heat transfer modeling of a charring material using isoconversional kinetics", Heat Transfer Eng., 38, 1189-1197. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2016.1239939.   DOI
3 Ghashochi-Bargh, H., Goodarzi, M.S., Karimi, M. and Salamat-Talab, M. (2020), "Transient thermoelastic analysis of carbon/carbon composite multidisc brake using finite element method", Adv. Aircraft Spacecraft Sci., 7(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2020.7.2.135.   DOI
4 Wang, Y., Risch, T.K. and Pasiliao, C.L (2018), "Modeling of pyrolyzing ablation problem with abaqus: A one-dimensional test case", J. Thermophys. Heat Transf., 32, 542-545. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T5274.   DOI
5 Lachaud, J. and Mansour, N.N (2014), "Porous-material analysis toolbox based on openfoam and applications", J. Thermophys. Heat Transf., 28, 191-202. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T4262.   DOI
6 Lee, D. and Kannatey-Asibu, E (2009), "Numerical analysis of ultrashort pulse laser-material interaction using ABAQUS", J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 131(2), 0210051-02100515. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3075869.   DOI
7 Lin, Y. and Lafarie-Frenot, M.C (2018), "Numerical simulation of the thermoelectric behavior of CNTs/CFRP aircraft composite laminates", Adv. Aircraft Spacecraft Sci., 5(6), 633-652. http://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2018.5.6.633.   DOI
8 Anderson, J.D. (2006), "Hypersomic and high-temperature gas dynamics", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
9 Barlett, E.P., Kendall., R.M. and Rindal, R.A (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. Part 4-A unified approximation for mixture transport properties for multicomponent boundary-layer applications", NASA Contractor Report.
10 Moyer. C.B. and Rindal, R.A (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. part 2-finite difference solution for the in-depth response of charring materials considering surface chemical and energy balances", NASA CR-1061.
11 Risch, T.K (2017), "Verification of a finite element model for pyrolyzing ablative materials", Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., June.
12 Wang, Y. and Pasiliao, C.L (2018), "Modeling ablation of laminated composites: A novel manual mesh moving finite element analysis procedure with ABAQUS", Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 116, 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.038.   DOI
13 Goldstein, H.E (1969), "Pyrolysis kinetics of nylon 6-6, phenolic resin, and their composites", J. Macromol. Sci. Part A Chem., 3, 649-673. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601326908053834.   DOI
14 Kendall, R.M (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. Part 5-A general approach to the thermochemical solution of mixed equilibrium-nonequilibrium, homogeneous or heterogeneous systems", NASA Contractor Report.
15 Bartlett, E.P. and Kendall, R.M. (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. part 3-nonsimilar solution of the multicomponent laminar boundary layer by an integral matrix method", NASA Contractor Report.
16 Lee, K.H. and Yun, G.J. (2021). "Temperature thread multiscale finite element simulation of selective laser melting for the evaluation of process", Adv. Aircraft Spacecraft Sci., 8(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2021.8.1.031.   DOI
17 Rindal, R.A (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. Part 6-An approach for characterizing charring ablator response with in-depth coking reactions", NASA Contractor Report.
18 Lachaud, J.R., Martin, A., Van Eekelen, T. and Cozmuta, I (2012), "Ablation Test-Case Series #2", Proceedings of the 5th Ablation Workshop, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A., February-March.
19 Lachuad, J., Laub, B., Martin, A. and Cozmuta, I (2011), "Ablation workshop test case", Proceedings of the 4th Ablation Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A., March.
20 Bartlett, E.P., Kendall, R.M., Moyer, C.B. and Rindal, R.A (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator, Part 1 Summary report", NASA Contractor Report.
21 Chen, Y.K. and Milos, F.S (1999), "Ablation and thermal response program for spacecraft heatshield analysis", J. Spacecraft Rockets, 36, 475-483. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3469.   DOI
22 Chen, Y.K. and Milos, F.S (2018), "Multidimensional finite volume fully implicit ablation and thermal response code", J. Spacecraft Rockets, 55, 914-927. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A34184.   DOI
23 Van Eekelen, T., Lachaud, J.R., Martin, A., and Cozmuta, I (2012), "Ablation Test-Case #3", Proceeding5th Ablation Work.
24 Amar, A.J., Brandon Oliver, A., Kirk, B.S., Salazer, G. and Droba, J (2016), "Overview of the charring ablator response (CHAR) code", Proceedings of the 46th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., June.
25 Li, H., Fan, B., Wang, N., Han, X., Feng, Z. and Guo, S. (2020), "Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire", Polym. Compos., 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25750.   DOI
26 Linda, H (n.d.), "Heat shield install brings orion spacecraft closer to space", NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center, https://www.nasa.gov/feature/heat-shield-install-brings-orion-spacecraft-closer-to-space.
27 Moyer, C.B., and Rindal, R.A (1968), "An analysis of the coupled chemically reacting boundary layer and charring ablator. part 2-finite difference solution for the in-depth response of charring materials considering surface chemical and energy balances", NASA Contractor Report.
28 Tran, H.K., Johnson, C., Rasky, D., Hui, F., Hsu, M.T., Chen, T. and Kobayashi, L. (1997), "Phenolic impregnated carbon ablators pica as thermal protection system for discovery missions", NASA TM-110440.
29 Wang, Y., Risch, T.K. and Koo, J.H (2019), "Assessment of a one-dimensional finite element charring ablation material response model for phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 91, 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.05.039.   DOI
30 Dec, J.A (2010), "Three dimensional finite element ablative thermal response analysis applied to heatshield penetration design", Ph.D Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, Atlanta, U.S.A.
31 Dec, J.A. and Braun, R.D (2013), "Three-dimensional finite element ablative thermal response and design of thermal protection systems", J. Spacecraft Rockets, 50, 725-734. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32313.   DOI
32 Chen, Y.K. and Milos, F.S (2001), "Two-dimensional implicit thermal response and ablation program for charring materials", J. Spacecraft Rockets, 38, 473-481. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3724.   DOI
33 Natali, M., Kenny, J.M. and Torre, L (2016), "Science and technology of polymeric ablative materials for thermal protection systems and propulsion devices: A review", Prog. Mater. Sci., 84, 192-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.08.003.   DOI