Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2013.19.3.216

Subjectivity of Parents in Refusal of Childhood Vaccination: A Q-methodology Approach  

Cha, Hye-Gyeong (Department of Nursing, Woosuk University)
Ha, Eun-Ho (Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University)
Publication Information
Child Health Nursing Research / v.19, no.3, 2013 , pp. 216-227 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the well-known public health benefits of vaccination, increasing public concern about the safety of childhood vaccinations has led some parents to refuse or hesitate having their children immunized. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjectivity of parents toward refusal of childhood vaccination. Methods: Q-methodology, in which subjective viewpoints are explored and analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques, was used. Thirty-five participants were asked to rank 42 statements on diverse issues of childhood vaccination according to a continuous 9-point scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. Collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANAL program. Results: The results revealed three discrete groups of parents in the refusal of children's immunization: type I, distrust; type II, concern about side effects, and type III, belief that vaccinations are unnecessary. Conclusion: Special nurse counselors who can provide correct information about vaccination based on the three types should be part of the government policy. Customized education programs to shift viewpoints should be also redeveloped according to the results in this study.
Keywords
Parents; Rejection; Child; Vaccination;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010, October 18). A study on the communication strategies about safety issue of immunization. Retrieved February 27, 2012, from http://www.cdc.go.kr/CDC/notice/CdcKrInfo0201.jsp?menuIds=HOME001-MNU0004-MNU0007-MNU0025&cid=1671
2 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Korea national immunization survey. Retrieved January 8, 2013, from http://www.cdc.go.kr/CDC/info/CdcKrInfo0201.jsp? menuIds=HOME001-MNU 0004-MNU0007-MNU0025&fid=28&q_type=&q_value=&cid= 20768& pageNum=
3 Lee, J. K. (2000). Immunization practice, issues and future policy in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health, 4(2), 161-177.
4 Lee, K. H., Cho, J. H., & Chun, B. C. (2011). Changes in vaccination status and user satisfaction for the full coverage project of the national immunization program in Gangnam-Gu, Seoul. Korean Public Health Research, 37(1), 15-27.
5 Lee, J. K., & Choi, W. S. (2008). Immunization policy in Korea. Infection and Chemotherapy, 40(1), 14-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2008.40.1.14   DOI
6 Matsumura, T., Nakayama, T., & Hamagashira, N. (2006). Promoting measles vaccination in attendees not yet immunized at day-care centers in Kyoto City. Pediatrics International, 48(6), 555-561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02271.x   DOI   ScienceOn
7 McDonald, K. L., Huq, S. I., Lix, L. M., Becker, A. B., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2008). Delay in diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of childhood asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 121(3), 626-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.11. 034   DOI
8 Mills, E., Jadad, A. R., Ross, C., & Wilson, K. (2005). Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental beliefs and attitudes toward childhood vaccination identifies common barriers to vaccination. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(11), 1081-1088. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.002   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Ministry of Health & Welfare. (2013, February 25). National immunization program expanded its coverage for Hib vaccine. Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&CONT_SEQ=282610&page=1
10 Pahud, B. A., Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Glaser, C., Gavali, S., Salibay, C. J., Fireman, B., et al. (2012). Lack of association between childhood immunizations and encephalitis in California, 1998-2008. Vaccine, 30(2), 247-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.104   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Raithatha, N., Holland, R., Gerrard, S., & Harvey, I. (2003). A qualitative investigation of vaccine risk perception amongst parents who immunize their children: A matter of public health concern. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 25(2), 161-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdg034   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Rhim, J. W., Kim, C. H., Lee, W. B., & Kang, J. H. (2006). A survey of parental knowledge of vaccination. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 49(3), 251-257.   DOI
13 Salmon, D. A., Moulton, L. H., Omer, S. B., DeHart, M. P., Stokley, S., & Halsey, N. A. (2005). Factors associated with refusal of childhood vaccines among parents of school-aged children: A case-control study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(5), 470-476. http://dx. doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.159.5.470   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Salmon, D. A., Sotir, M. J., Pan, W. K., Berg, J. L., Omer, S. B., Stokley, S., et al. (2009). Parental vaccine refusal in Wisconsin: A case-control study. Wiscinsin Medical Journal, 108(1), 17-23.
15 Sohn, Y. M. (2002,). Vaccine risk communication model and vaccine safety forum (II). Seoul: Korea Food & Drug Administration. http://report.ndsl.kr/repDetail.do?cn=TRKO200300001425
16 Sohn, Y. M. (2005). Thimerosal in vaccine and risk communication. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 48(1), 82-87.   DOI
17 Weinstein, N. D., Kwitel, A., McCaul, K. D., Magnan, R. E., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Risk perceptions: Assessment and relationship to influenza vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 146-151.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Yoo, S. J., Jeong, H. J., & Park, H. S. (2010). The analysis on factors affecting the intention for H1N1 virus vaccination and the impact of negative news reports: The comparison between HBM and TPB. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 12(3), 283-319.
19 Balicer, R. D., Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., & Mimouni, D. (2007). Is childhood vaccination associated with asthma? A meta-analysis of observational studies. Pediatrics, 120(5), e1269-1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3569   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Akhtar-Danesh, N., Baumann, A., & Cordingley, L. (2008). Q-methodology in nursing research: A promising method for the study of subjectivity. Western journal of nursing research, 30(6), 759-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945907312979   DOI
21 Bloom, D. E. (2011). The value of vaccination. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 697, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7185-2_1   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Weston, M. (2005). The value of vaccination. World Economics, 6(3), 15-39.
23 Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Shenoy, E. S. (2012). The effect of vaccination on children's physical and cognitive development in the Philippines. Applied Economics, 44(21), 2777-2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 00036846.2011.566203   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Breiman, R. F., Streatfield, P. K., Phelan, M., Shifa, N., Rashid, M., & Yunus, M. (2004). Effect of infant immunisation on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh: Analysis of health and demographic surveillance data. Lancet, 364, 2204-2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (04)17593-4   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Cha, H. G., Ryoo, E. N., & Park, S. H. (2012). Factors affecting the intention of vaccination in parents with noncompliance of vaccination. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promtion, 29(1), 89-96.
26 Health & Welfare Committee. (2011, March). The report of inspection of the administration. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http://health.na.go.kr/site?siteId=site000003643&pageId=page 000003760&bd_mode=read&bd_pageNumber=1&bd_searchTerm=&bd_search Keyword=&bd_recordId=2011030026800
27 Kim, H. K. (2008). Q methodology: Philosophy, theories, analysis, and application. Seoul: Communication Books.