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Effects of Ammonia Exposure on Survival Rate and Hematological Characteristics Changes in Juveniles of Sevenband Grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus  

Kim, Jung Hyun (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Park, Jong Youn (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Lee, Jeong Yong (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Lee, Jin Hwan (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Hwang, Hyung Kyu (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Cho, Jae Kwon (Aquaculture Management Division, Aquaculture Research Institute, NIFS)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Ichthyology / v.29, no.1, 2017 , pp. 13-21 More about this Journal
Abstract
We investigated that changes of survival rate and hematological factors in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus), exposed to ammonia. First, the fish was exposed and was observed survival rate. We observed the survival rate of the fish when exposed at each ammonia concentrations (0, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 mg/L, $NH_3$) for 96 hours. The 96-h $LC_{50}$ (lethal ambient concentration for 50% of the population) of $NH_4^+$ and un-ionized ammonia ($NH_3$) for sevenband grouper were 26.7 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Secondly, we exposed the fish to 96-h $LC_{50}$ ammonia concentration (0.6 mg/L) for 96 hours, then sampled the blood of groupers for analysis of cortisol, glucose, $NH_3$, GOT, GPT, total protein (TP), electrolytes ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$) and osmolality in plasma. The plasma cortisol, glucose, GOT and GPT were increased with increasing of elapsed time and ammonia concentration. In addition, the $NH_3$ and total protein in plasma were significantly increased to 12 hours exposed to ammonia, and then decreased. But, the values were significantly higher than the control. The plasma electrolytes ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$) and osmolality were decreased with increasing of elasped time. The results in the present study suggest that the continuous exposure of ammonia to juveniles of sevenband grouper may be a stressor and negative influence.
Keywords
Sevenband grouper; ammonia exposure; survival rate; 96-h $LC_{50}$; hematological characteristics;
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