Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2019.29.3.137

Vertical Stiffness and Lower Limb Kinematic Characteristics of Children with Down Syndrome during Drop Landing  

Koo, Dohoon (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)
Maeng, Hyokju (Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University)
Yang, Jonghyun (Department of Physical Education, Incheon National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics / v.29, no.3, 2019 , pp. 137-143 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: Ligament laxity and hypotonia are characteristics of Down syndrome patients. The aim of this study was to compare the landing pattern between Down syndrome patients and typically developing subjects. To compare the landing pattern, variables related to ligament laxity and hypotonia i.e. vertical stiffness and lower extremities kinematics were investigated. Method: Five subjects with Down syndrome (age: $14.6{\pm}1.8years$, mass: $47.6{\pm}6.94kg$, height: $147.9{\pm}6.0cm$) and six able-bodied subjects (age: $13.2{\pm}0.4years$, mass: $54.7{\pm}6.7kg$, height: $160.1{\pm}9.8cm$) participated in this study. Results: The vertical displacement of the center of mass, vertical reaction force, leg stiffness and range of ankle angle range among Down syndrome patients were significantly different than typically developing group. The youth with Down's syndrome appeared to receive greater vertical impact force at landing than normal youth. Conclusion: The differences in the biomechanical characteristics suggest the delay in motor development among Down syndrome patients and an increased risk of injury to the lower extremity during movement execution such as drop landing.
Keywords
Down syndrome; Drop landing; Vertical stiffness;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Angelopoulou, N., Matziari, C., Tsimaras, V., Sakadamis, A., Souftas, V. & Mandroukas, K. (2000). Bone mineral density and muscle strength in young men with mental retardation (with and without Down syndrome). Calcified Tissue International, 66(3), 176-180.   DOI
2 Butler, R. J., Crowell, H. P. & Davis, i. M. (2003). Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(6), 511-517.   DOI
3 Carr, J. (1970). Mental and motor development in young mongol children. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 14, 250-220.
4 Caselli, M. A., Cohen-Sobel, E., Thompson, J., Adler, J. & Gonzalez, L. (1991). Biomechanical management of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 81(3), 119-127.   DOI
5 Devita, P. & Skelly, W. A. (1992). Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24(1), 108-115.
6 DeVita, P. & Hortobagyi, T. (2000). Age increases the Skeletal Versus Muscular Component of Lower Extremity Stiffness During Stepping Down. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(12), B593-B600.   DOI
7 Dutto, D. J. & Smith, G. A. (2002). Changes in spring-mass characteristics during treadmill running to exhaustion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(8), 1324-1331.   DOI
8 Farley, C. T. & Gonzalez, O. (1996). Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(2), 181-186.   DOI
9 Farley, C. T., Houdijk, H. H., Van Strien, C. & Louie, M. (1998). Mechanism of leg stiffness adjustment for hopping on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(3), 1044-1055.   DOI
10 Galli, M., Rigoldi, C., Brunner, R., Virji-Babul, N. & Giorgio, A. (2008). Joint stiffness and gait pattern evaluation in children with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture, 28(3), 502-506.   DOI
11 Gilman, S., Bloedel, J. R. & Lechtenberg, R. (1981). Disorders of the cerebellum. FA Davis Co.
12 Grimston, S. K., Ensberg, J. R., Kloiber, R. & Hanley, D. A. (1991). Bone mass external loads, and stress fractures in female runners. Int. Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7, 293-302.   DOI
13 Hayes, A. & Batshaw, M. L. (1993). Down Syndrome. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 40, 523-535.   DOI
14 Milner, T. E., Cloutier, C., Leger, A. B. & Franklin, D. W. (1995). inability to activate muscles maximally during cocontraction and the effect on joint stiffness. Experimental Brain Research, 107(2), 293-305.
15 Kim, Y. J. (2005). The kinematic and kinetic analysis of Lower extremities for male sports aerobic athletes during depth jumps - a case study. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 15(1), 259-274.   DOI
16 Lim, B. O. & Han, D. K. (2002). The effects of strength training on the change of ground reaction force for the children with Down syndrome. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 12(2), 1-16.   DOI
17 McMahon, T. A. & Cheng, G. C. (1990). The mechanics of running: How does stiffness couple with speed? Journal of Biomechanics, 23, Supplement 1(0), 65-78.   DOI
18 Morris, A. F., Vaughan, S. E. & Vaccaro, P. (1982). Measurement of neuromuscular tone and strength in Down syndrome children. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 26, 41-46.
19 Seyfarth, A., Geyer, H., Gunther, M. & Blickhan, R. (2002). A movement criterion for running. Journal of Biomechanics, 35(5), 649-655.   DOI
20 Sherrill, C. (1998). Adapted physical activity, recreation and sport: Crossdisciplinary and lifespan. WCB/McGraw Hill, 2460 Kerper Blvd., Dubuque, iA 52001.
21 Virji-Babul, N. & Brown, M. (2004). Stepping over obstacles: anticipatory modifications in children with and without Down syndrome. Experimental Brain Research, 159(4), 487-490.   DOI
22 Yu, Y. J., Lim, B. O., Kim, S. B., Nam, K. J., Choi, B. K. & Kim, M. H. (2008). Ground Reaction Force and Muscle activity in Children with Down Syndrome during Vertical Jump. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 18(1), 107-115.   DOI
23 Yu, Y. J. & Lim, B. O. (2008). Characteristics of drop Landing from different heights in children with down syndrome. Korean Journal of Physical Education, 47(3), 547-554.