Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2022.14.4.011

Closure durations of Korean stops at three positions  

Yungdo Yun (Dharma College, Dongguk University)
Publication Information
Phonetics and Speech Sciences / v.14, no.4, 2022 , pp. 11-17 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study investigates closure durations of Korean stops in terms of laryngeal contrasts, places of articulation, and three positions within words. Twenty-two Korean speakers produced the nonsense words containing Korean stops found in word-initial and word-final positions and between vowels. The statistical results showed that the closure durations differed significantly by laryngeal contrast and place of articulation. In addition, the differences by position within words were marginally significant. The closure durations were in the order of lenis < aspirated < fortis stops by laryngeal contrast, velar < alveolar < bilabial stops by place of articulation, and word-final < word-initial < between vowels by positions within words. The laryngeal contrasts were neutralized in word-final position as per coda neutralization in Korean phonology. This study shows that closure durations should be considered a valuable phonetic cue to identify stops on par with voice onset time and f0.
Keywords
closure duration; laryngeal contrast; place of articulation; position within words;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Alghamdi, M. M. A. (1990). Analysis, synthesis and perception of voicing in Arabic (Doctoral dissertation). University of Reading, Reading, UK. 
2 Baertsch, K. (2010). Coda formation vs. onset maximization: Issues in the syllabification of VCV sequences. Language Research, 46(1), 39-57. 
3 Blevins, J. (1995). The syllable in phonological theory. In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), Handbook of phonological theory (pp. 206-244). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. 
4 Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2019). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 6.0.50) [Computer program]. Retrieved from http://www.praat.org/ 
5 Bradlow, A. R., Kraus, N., & Hayes, E. (2003). Speaking clearly for children with learning disabilities: Sentence perception in noise. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46(1), 80-97.    DOI
6 Chodroff, E. L., & Wilson, C. (2017). Structure in talker-specific phonetic realization: Covariation of stop consonant VOT in American English. Journal of Phonetics, 61, 30-47.    DOI
7 Han, J. I. (1996). The phonetics and phonology of 'tense' and 'plain' consonants in Korean (Doctoral dissertation). Cornell University, New York, NY. 
8 Kang, H., & Kang, S. (2006). Post-stop tensing rule in Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics, 11.
9 Kang, H. S., & Dilley, L. (2007). Closure duration and pitch as phonetic cues to Korean stop identity in AP medial position: Production test. Speech Sciences, 14(3), 7-19. 
10 Kang, S. H. (2007). A study on Korean students' production and perception of English word-final stop voicing. Speech Sciences, 14(1), 105-119. 
11 Kang, Y. (2014). Voice onset time merger and development of tonal contrast in Seoul Korean stops: A corpus study. Journal of Phonetics, 45, 76-90.    DOI
12 Kim, J. W. (2021). Production and perception of Korean word-initial stops from a sound change perspective. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 13(3), 39-51.    DOI
13 Lisker, L. (1957). Closure duration and the intervocalic voiced-voiceless distinction in English. Language, 33(1), 42-49.    DOI
14 Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20(3), 384-422.    DOI
15 Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1967). Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops. Language and Speech 10(1), 1-28.    DOI
16 Liu, S., Del Rio, E., Bradlow, A. R., & Zeng, F. G. (2004). Clear speech perception in acoustic and electric hearing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116(4), 2374-2383.    DOI
17 Luce, P. A., & Charles Luce, J. (1985). Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78(6), 1949-1957.    DOI
18 Nearey, T. M., & Rochet, B. L. (1994). Effects of place of articulation and vowel context on VOT production and perception for French and English stops. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 24(1), 1-18.    DOI
19 Port, R. F., Dalby, J., & O'Dell, M. (1987). Evidence for mora timing in Japanese. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 81(5), 1574-1585.    DOI
20 Pyo, H., Sim, H., Park, H., Choi, J., Choi, S., Ahn, S., & Choi, H. (1999). The experimental study on the intraoral pressure, closure duration, and voice onset time (VOT) of Korean stop consonants. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics, 10(1), 50-57. 
21 Silva, D. J. (2006). Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology, 23(2), 287-308.    DOI
22 Raphael, L. (1972). Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristic of word-final consonants in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 51(4B), 1296-1303.    DOI
23 Santiago, J., MacKay, D. G., Palma, A., & Rho, C. (2000). Sequential activation processes in producing words and syllables: Evidence from picture naming. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15(1), 1-44.    DOI
24 Silva, D. J. (1992). The phonetics and phonology of stop lenition in Korean (Doctoral dissertation). Cornell University, New York, NY. 
25 Sohn, H. S. (1987). Underspecification in Korean phonology (Morphology) (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL. 
26 Stathopoulos, E. T., & Weismer, G. (1983). Closure duration of stop consonants. Journal of Phonetics 11(4), 395-400.    DOI
27 Stenneken, P., Conrad, M., & Jacobs, A. M. (2007). Processing of syllables in production and recognition tasks. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 36(1), 65-78.    DOI
28 Yao, Y. (2009). Understanding VOT variation in spontaneous speech. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report, 5, 29-43. 
29 Yun, I. S. (2009). Vowel duration and the feature of the following consonant. Speech Sciences, 1(1), 41-46.