Seasonal Nutrient Analysis of Paddy Soils in Korean Type of Large Scale Environment-friendly Agricultural District

The study was conducted to investigate seasonal nutrient dynamics in rice-cultivated soils collected from farmhouses of three large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LEAD), Jangheung, Suncheon, and Okcheon in which environmental-friendly agriculture has been exemplarily practiced in Korea. Among three districts, Crop- livestock cycling organic farming system had been introduced only in Jangheung. pH and EC of farmhouse soils of three LEADs were ranged between 5.5 - 6.7 and $0.4-1.0dS\;m^{-1}$ from March to September, respectively. T-N was observed to be high on the farmhouse soil in Suncheon and K was observed to be lowest on farmhouse soil in Okcheon. Concentration of $NH_4-N$ in soil was observed to be highest on June, in particular on the farmhouse in Jangheung, but rapidly decreased due to the loss of fertilizer applied in Spring. Yield and harvest index were the highest on the farmhouse in Okcheon in which total annual gross production $ha^{-1}$ was nearly three time higher than those of other two farmhouses. Farmhouse soil of Okcheon was maintained the highest seasonal nutrient balance due to the high input of fertilizer. It was estimated that K balance in the farmhouse soil in Suncheon dropped to $-60kg\;ha^{-1}$ on September, and it might have some effect on the less rice productivity due to K deficiency. Farmhouse soil in Jangheung was maintained low seasonal balance of T-N and P but showed the highest N use efficiency in the rice grain. Based on above-mentioned results, we think Jangheung farmhouse can be recommended as a model farmhouse of LEADs.

한국형 광역친환경 논 농업단지 토양의 시기별 양분 분석

본 시험은 전국의 광역친환경 농업단지 중에서 모범적으로 친환경 농업을 실천하고 있는 3곳(장흥, 순천, 옥천)의 벼 농가를 대상으로 시기별로 양분 분석을 하였다. 장흥지역 농가만이 경축자원 순환농업을 실천하고 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 광역친환경 벼 농업단지의 3~9월 사이의 시기별 토양 pH는 5.5~6.7의 분포를 보였고, EC는 $0.4{\sim}1.0dS\;m^{-1}$으로 나타났다. 시기별 토양 전질소는 순천 농가에서 높았고 칼륨은 옥천 농가에서 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시기별 토양 암모늄태 질소는 봄철 비료 시용으로 6월 전후에 상승하였고, 장흥 농가에서 가장 높은 수준을 보이다가 이후 크게 감소하였다. 수량과 수확지수가 가장 높았던 옥천 농가에서 ha당 연간 조수입이 다른 농가보다 세배 가까이 높은 수준을 보였다. 비교적 많은 비료를 투입한 옥천 농가에서 시기별 양분수지가 높았고, 순천 농가의 ha당 칼륨 수지는 9월에 약 -60 kg까지 관찰되어 칼륨 결핍에 따른 생산성 저하에 일부 영향을 주었을 것으로 추정되었다. 시기별 전질소와 인산수지는 장흥 농가에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보였고 벼 낟알의 질소이용효율도 가장 높아서 광역친환경 농업단지의 추천할 만한 사례 농가로 평가되었다.