Detection and Assessment of Forest Cover Change in Gangwon Province, Inter-Korean, Based on Gaussian Probability Density Function |
Lee, Sujong
(Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
Park, Eunbeen (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) Song, Cholho (Environmental GIS/RS Center, Korea University) Lim, Chul-Hee (Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University) Cha, Sungeun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) Lee, Sle-gee (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) Lee, Woo-Kyun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) |
1 | Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend, 2013. High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science, 342(6160): 850-853. DOI |
2 | Hong, S. Y., S.-K. Rim, S.-H. Lee, J.-C. Lee, and Y.-H. Kim, 2008. Spatial Analysis of Agro-Environment of North Korea Using Remote Sensing 1. Landcover Classification from Landsat TM imagery and Topography Analysis in North Korea, Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 27(2): 120-132 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
3 | Jeong, J. J., 2012. Comparison of Built-up Area Extraction Methods: Classification Method vs. Vegetation Index Method, Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association, 12(3): 35-44 (in Korean with English abstract). |
4 | Jiang, Z., A. R. Huete, J. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Li, G. Yan, and X. Zhang, 2006. Analysis of NDVI and scaled difference vegetation index retrievals of vegetation fraction, Remote Sensing of Environment, 101(3): 366-378. DOI |
5 | Jung, M. H., S.-H. LEE, E.-M. Chang, and S.-W. Hong, 2012. Method of Monitoring Forest Vegetation Change based on Change of MODIS NDVI Time Series Pattern, Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society, 20(4): 47-55 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
6 | Kim, J., S.-K. Lee, N.-J. Noh, T.-K. Yoon, S. Han, G. Cui, W.-K. Lee, and Y.-H. Son, 2013. A Study on Greenhouse Gas Removals Estimation of a Small Scale Afforestation/reforestation CDM Pilot Project in Goseong, Gangwon Province, Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 102(3): 398-406 (in Korean with English abstract). |
7 | Kim, M., S. Yoo, N. Kim, W. Lee, B. Ham, C. Song, and W.-K. Lee, 2017. Climate change impact on Korean forest and forest management strategies, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 35(3): 413-425 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
8 | U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2015. Landsat surface reflectance data, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153034, Accessed on Apr. 1, 2019. DOI |
9 | U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2019. Landsat-5,8 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov, Accessed on Mar. 4, 2019. |
10 | Kim, Y., H. Jeon, and C. Lim, 2019. 2019 KREI quarterly agricultural trends in North Korea, Korea Rural Economic Institute, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 20(4). |
11 | Korea Development Institute (KDI), 2014. KDI Review of the North Korean Economy in 2014, Korea Development Institute, Sejong, Korea. |
12 | Korea Environment Institute (KEI), 2018. Environmental trends in North Korea 2018, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Korea. |
13 | Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI), 2011. 5th National Forest Inventory Report, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. |
14 | Korea Forest Service (KFS), 2018. Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 2018, Korea Forest Service, Daejon, Korea. |
15 | Korean Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 2014. A Study on Selection of Planting Species Suitable for Forest Ecology and Environmental Change in North Korea, The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. |
16 | Korean Association for Public Administration (KAPA), 2009. A case study on the success of forest restoration policy in Korea, The Korean Association for Public Administration, Seoul, Korea. |
17 | Lee, S. G., H.-A. Choi, H. Yoo, C. Song, S. Cha, S.-W. Bae, and W.-K. Lee, 2018. Restoration plan for degraded forest in the democratic people's Republic of Korea considering suitable tree species and spatial distribution, Sustainability, 10(3): 856. DOI |
18 | Lee, W. K., M. Kim, C. Song, S.-G. Lee, S. Cha, and G. Kim, 2016. Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Forest Sector, Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX, 46(2): 27-42 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
19 | Lim, C. H., S. Yoo, Y. Choi, S. Jeon, Y. Son, and W.-K. Lee, 2018. Assessing climate change impact on forest habitat suitability and diversity in the Korean Peninsula, Forests, 9(5): 259. DOI |
20 | Lim, C. H., C. Song, Y. Choi, S.-W. Jeon, and W.-K. Lee, 2019. Decoupling of forest water supply and agricultural water demand attributable to deforestation in North Korea, Journal of Environmental Management, 248: 109256. DOI |
21 | Lim, C. H., Y. Choi, M. Kim, S. Jeon, and W.-K. Lee, 2017. Impact of deforestation on agroenvironmental variables in cropland, North Korea, Sustainability, 9(8): 1354. DOI |
22 | Maplecroft, 2011. Deforestation Index 2012, http://maplecroft.com/about/news/deforestation.html/, Accessed on Mar. 1, 2019. |
23 | McHugh, M. L., 2012. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic, Biochemia medica: Biochemia medica, 22(3): 276-282. DOI |
24 | Ministry of Environment (ME), 2013. Level-1, 2 National Land Cover Map. Ministry of Environment, https://egis.me.go.kr, Accessed on Mar. 7, 2019. |
25 | National Institute of Ecology (NIE), 2017. Ecological issues: Deforestation in North Korea, which is dangerous, National Institute of Ecology, http://www.nie.re.kr/webzine/index.jsp?c=1706&s=sub03_04, Accessed on Jul. 1, 2019. |
26 | Choi, J. H. and J.-S. Um, 2012. Application of satellite image to evaluate UN-REDD Registration Potential of North Korea: A case study of Mt. Geumgang, Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information System, 20(4): 77-87 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
27 | Bayasgalan, M., 2005. Monitoring of Drought in Mongolia, Ph.D. dissertation, Ulaanbaatar University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. |
28 | Cha, S. Y. and C.-H. Park, 2007. The utilization of Google Earth images as reference data for the multitemporal land cover classification with MODIS data of North Korea, Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(5): 483-491. DOI |
29 | Choi, I. H. and J.-C. Woo, 2007. Developmental Process of Forest Policy Direction in Korea and Present Status of Forest Desolation in North Korea, Journal of Forest and Environmental Science, 23(1): 35-49 (in Korean with English abstract). |
30 | Choi, J., S. H. Lee, S. A. Lee, S.-Y. Ji, and S.-H. Lee, 2015. Applicability of Supervised Classification for Subdividing Forested Areas Using SPOT-5 and KOMPSAT-2 Data, Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology, 18(2): 89-104 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
31 | Choi, S. E., W.-K. Lee, H. Yu, H.-D. Kang, and Y.-S. Kim, 2014. Analysis of Relationship between Land Cover Change and Vegetation Temperature Condition Index in Central Dry Zone of Myanma, Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies, 17(2): 82-94 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
32 | Google, 2019. Google Earth Pro 7.3.2.5776, Accessed on May 1, 2019. |
33 | Gross, D., 2005. Monitoring agricultural biomass using NDVI time series, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. |
34 | Piao, D., W.-K. Lee, Y. Zhu, M. Kim, and C. Song, 2016. Assessment of Forest Degradation and Carbon Storage for REDD+ Project in North Korea, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(1): 1-7 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
35 | Li, L., X. Mu, C. Macfarlane, W. Song, J. Chen, K. Yan, and G. Yan, 2018. A half-Gaussian fitting method for estimating fractional vegetation cover of corn crops using unmanned aerial vehicle images, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 262: 379-390. DOI |
36 | Park, J. J., C.-Y. Ku, and B.-S. Kim, 2007. Improvement of the Level-2 Land Cover Map with Satellite Image, The Journal of Geographic Information System, 15(1): 67-80 (in Korean with English abstract). |
37 | Park, K. S., 2013. Forest Status and Forest Policy in North Korea, Korea Rural Economic Institute, 15(3): 3-23. |
38 | Research Institute for Gangwon (RIG), 2012. Manufacturing and root industry of Gangwon Province, Research Institute for Gangwon, Gangwon-do, Korea. |
39 | Roy, D. P., M. A. Wulder, T. R. Loveland, C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, and T. A. Scambos, 2014. Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research, Remote Sensing of Environment, 145: 154-172. DOI |
40 | Sahidullah, M. and G. Saha, 2012. Comparison of speech activity detection techniques for speaker recognition, arXiv, preprint arXiv:1210.0297. |
41 | Silverman, B. W., 2018. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis, Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames, UK. |
42 | Song, M., J. M. Yi, and K.-S. Park, 2017. A Study on Strategy of Forest Rehabilitation Support Corresponding to the Spread of Marketization in North Korea, Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 106(4): 487-496 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
43 | Uttamatanin, R., P. Yuvapoositanon, A. Intarapanich, S. Kaewkamnerd, R. Phuksaritanon, A. Assawamakin, and S. Tongsima, 2013. MetaSel: a metaphase selection tool using a Gaussian-based classification technique, BMC Bioinformatics, 14(16): S13. |
44 | National Institute of Forest Science (NIFOS), 2018. 2020 Trends and implications of the 2020 global forest resource assessment (FRA-2020), National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Korea. |
45 | Park, E., C. Song, B. Ham, J. Kim, J. Lee, S.-E. Choi, and W.-K. Lee, 2018. Comparison of Sampling and Wall-to-Wall Methodologies for Reporting the GHG Inventory of the LULUCF Sector in Korea, Journal of Climate Change Research, 9(4): 385-398 (in Korean with English abstract). DOI |
46 | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2018. Human Development Indices and Indicators 2018: Statistical update, United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USA. |
47 | Xu, D., X. Kang, D. Qiu, D. Zhuang, and J. Pan, 2009. Quantitative assessment of desertification using landsat data on a regional scale-a case study in the Ordos plateau, china, Sensors, 9(3): 1738-1753. DOI |
48 | Yoo, S. J., W.-K. Lee, S.-H. Lee, E.-S. Kim, and J.-Y. Lee, 2011. Approach for suitable site selection and analysis for reforestation CDM using satellite image and spatial data in North Korea, The Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science, 19(3): 3-11 (in Korean with English abstract). |
49 | Zhao, P., D. Lu, G. Wang, C. Wu, Y. Huang, and S. Yu, 2016. Examining spectral reflectance saturation in Landsat imagery and corresponding solutions to improve forest aboveground biomass estimation, Remote Sensing, 8(6): 469. DOI |