Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2018.34.6.4.2

Detection of Surface Changes by the 6th North Korea Nuclear Test Using High-resolution Satellite Imagery  

Lee, Won-Jin (Earthquake and Volcano Research Division, Earthquake and Volcano Bureau, Korea Meteorological Administration)
Sun, Jongsun (Earthquake and Volcano Research Division, Earthquake and Volcano Bureau, Korea Meteorological Administration)
Jung, Hyung-Sup (Department of Geoinformatics, University of Seoul)
Park, Sun-Cheon (Earthquake and Volcano Research Division, Earthquake and Volcano Bureau, Korea Meteorological Administration)
Lee, Duk Kee (Earthquake and Volcano Research Division, Earthquake and Volcano Bureau, Korea Meteorological Administration)
Oh, Kwan-Young (Satellite Application Center, Korea Aerospace Research Institute)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing / v.34, no.6_4, 2018 , pp. 1479-1488 More about this Journal
Abstract
On September 3rd 2017, strong artificial seismic signals from North Korea were detected in KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) seismic network. The location of the epicenter was estimated to be Punggye-ri nuclear test site and it was the most powerful to date. The event was not studied well due to accessibility and geodetic measurements. Therefore, we used remote sensing data to analyze surface changes around Mt. Mantap area. First of all, we tried to detect surface deformation using InSAR method with Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 (ALOS-2). Even though ALOS-2 data used L-band long wavelength, it was not working well for this particular case because of decorrelation on interferogram. The main reason would be large deformation near the Mt. Mantap area. To overcome this limitation of decorrelation, we applied offset tracking method to measure deformation. However, this method is affected by window kernel size. So we applied various window sizes from 32 to 224 in 16 steps. We could retrieve 2D surface deformation of about 3 m in maximum in the west side of Mt. Mantap. Second, we used Pleiadas-A/B high resolution satellite optical images which were acquired before and after the 6th nuclear test. We detected widespread surface damage around the top of Mt. Mantap such as landslide and suspected collapse area. This phenomenon may be caused by a very strong underground nuclear explosion test. High-resolution satellite images could be used to analyze non-accessible area.
Keywords
Nuclear test; Satellite Image; SAR; Offset Tracking; High-resolution optical Image;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Baek, W.K., H.S. Jung, S.H. Chae, and W.J. Lee, 2018. Two-dimensional velocity measurements of Uversbreen glacier in Svalbard using TerraSAR-X offset tracking approach, Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(3): 495-506 (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
2 Baran, I., M. Stewart, and S. Claessens, 2005. A new functional model for determining minimum and maximum detectable deformation gradient resolved by satellite radar interferometry, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 43(4): 675-682.   DOI
3 Chae, S.H., W.J. Lee, H.S. Jung, and L. Zhang, 2017. Ionospheric correction of L-band SAR offset measurements for the precise observation of glacier velocity variations on Novaya Zemlya, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 10(8): 3591-3603.   DOI
4 Che, I.-Y., J. Park, I. Kim, T.S. Kim, and H.-I. Lee, 2014. Infrasound signals from the underground nuclear explosions of North Korea, Geophysical Journal International, 198(1): 495-503.   DOI
5 Hanssen, R., 2001. Radar interferometry, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
6 Jung, H.S., Z. Lu, and L. Zhang, 2013. Feasibility of along-track displacement measurement from Sentinel-1 interferometric wide-swath mode, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51(1): 573-578.   DOI
7 Lee, W.J., Z. Lu, H.S. Jung, and L. Ji, 2017. Measurement of small co-seismic deformation field from multi-temporal SAR interferometry: application to the 19 September 2004 Huntoon valley earthquake, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8(2): 1241-1257.   DOI
8 Lee, W.J., Z. Lu, H.S. Jung, S.C. Park, and D.K. Lee, 2018. Using a refined SBAS algorithm to determine surface deformation in the Long Valley Caldera and its surroundings from 2003-2010, Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(1): 101-115.   DOI
9 Lee, W.J., H.S. Jung, and Z. Lu, 2015a. Application of ERS and Envisat cross-interferometry to generation and accuracy assessment of digital elevation model over northern Alaska, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 9(1): 096065.   DOI
10 Lee, W.J., H.S. Jung, S.H. Chae, and W.K. Baek, 2015b. Enhancement of ionospheric correction method based on multiple aperture interferometry, Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(1): 101-115 (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
11 Mogi, K., 1958. Relations between the eruptions of various volcanoes and the deformations of the ground surfaces around them, Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, 36: 99-134.
12 Pavian, F.V. and D. Coblentz, 2017. Surface disturbances at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site: another indicator of nuclear testing?, https://www.38north.org/2017/01/fpabiandcoblentz010617/, Accessed on Oct. 5, 2018.
13 Stevens, J.L. and M. O'Brien, 2018. 3D nonlinear calculation of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test, Seismological Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1785/ 0220180099.   DOI
14 Vincent, P., S. Larsen, D. Galloway, R.J. Laczniak, W.R. Walter, W. Foxall, and J.J. Zucca, 2003. New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(22): 1-5.   DOI
15 Vincent, P., S.M. Buckley, D. Yang, and S.F. Carle, 2011. Anomalous transient uplift observed at the Lop Nor, China unclear test site using satellite radar interferometry time-series analysis, Geophysical Research Letters, 38: L23306.   DOI
16 Wei, M., 2017. Location and source characteristics of the 2016 January 6 North Korean nuclear test constrained by InSAR, Geophysical Journal International, 209(2): 762-769.   DOI
17 Wang, T., Q. Shi, M. Nikkhoo, S. Wei, S. Barbot, D. Dreger, R. Burgmann, M. Motagh, and Q.-F., Chen, 2018. The rise, collapse, and compaction of Mt. Mantap from the 3 September 2017 North Korean nuclear test, Science, 361(6398): 166-170.   DOI