Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2021.10.1.76

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Smartphone Addiction and Stress: a randomized controlled study  

Lee, Eunsang (Department of Physical Therapy, Gwangju Health University)
Publication Information
Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science / v.10, no.1, 2021 , pp. 76-81 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: Smartphone addiction can cause forward head posture, carpal tunnel syndrome and depression, and anxiety. Various interventions have been proposed to resolve Smartphone addiction. However, research regarding the efficacy of these interventions remains lacking. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tDCS (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) on smartphone addiction solution and stress reduction. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: The participants were divided randomly into two group (tDCS vs. Control). tDCS was applied to 41 adults (22.95±2.76 years). The tDCS group was applied 2 mA, for 13 minutes twice over a 26 minute period (n1 = 21). The control (n2 = 20) was not applied after padding and was applied twice for 13 minutes over a 26 minute period. This study was conducted four times a week for a total of four weeks. Results: Smartphone addiction for tDCS showed significant improvement in the results in the S-score (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.702, 4.922), and the result of heart rate (HR) and skin conductivity (SC) to stress. The tDCS group and control group showed no significant decrese in the results in the HR (p>0.05, 95% CI: -3.390, 8.332), but tDCS group showed significant decrese in the results in the SC (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.060, 1.343) Conclusions: This study suggected that smartphone addiction treatment and decreses of stress. The use of tDCS will reduce the addiction rate of adults and reduce stress, so that possible side effects in society can be solved.
Keywords
Addictive; Smart phone; Stress; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hwang KH, Yoo YS, Cho OH. Smartphone Overuse and Upper Extremity Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Interpersonal Relationships among College Students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2012;12:365-75.   DOI
2 Lee SJ. An Analysis on the Mental Health of Adolescent Addicted to Smartphone. Journal of Youth Welfare. 2018;20:47-67.
3 Ahn JA. A Study on the Smart phone Use Behavior and Addiction of University Students : Focused on Effect of Depression, Impulsivity and Interpersonal Relation, Campus Life. Journal of Communication Science. 2016;16:128-62.   DOI
4 Baumeister R, Heatherton T. Self-regulation failure: An overview. Psychol Inq. 1996;7:1-15   DOI
5 Sim MY, Lee DN, Kim EH. A Study on Influential Relations between Stress and Smartphone Addiction among College Students: With a Focus on the Mediating Effects of Depression and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 2016;17:227-36.
6 Du YS, Jiang W, Vance A. Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010;44:129-34.   DOI
7 Kim S, Noh D. The Current Status of Psychological Intervention Research for Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019;40:335-41.   DOI
8 Uysal G, Balci S. Evaluation of a School-Based Program for Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Turkey. J Addict Nurs. 2018;29:43-9.   DOI
9 Olbrich HM, Valerius G, Paris C, Hagenbuch F, Ebert D, Juengling FD. Brain activation during craving for alcohol measured by positron emission tomography. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40:171-8.   DOI
10 Addolorato G, Leggio L, Hopf FW, Diana M, Bonci A. Novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol and drug addiction: focus on GABA, ion channels and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37:163-77.   DOI
11 Lee JH, Kim SS, Yuh SS, Lee JH, Choi JH. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Concentration of Attention. Journal of Korea Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Association. 2013;11: 9-19.
12 George MS, Anton RF, Bloomer C, Teneback C, Drobes DJ, Lorberbaum JP, et al. Activation of prefrontal cortex and anterior thalamus in alcoholic subjects on exposure to alcohol-specific cues. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:345-52.   DOI
13 Lee JS, Kang DH, An HJ, Yoon DH, Jeong DU. Psychophysiological Characteristics of Chronic Pain Patients Measured by Biofeedback System KOREAN ACADEMY OF SLEEP MEDICINE. 2009;16:79-84.
14 Shin JH, Jang MK. Effect of group sandplay therapy to be addicted youth's addiction levels and anxiety. Symbols and sandplay therapy. 2016;7:39-45.   DOI
15 Park HJ. Relationship between addict and use of application that teenagers use smartphone. Jeonju: Chonbuk National University Graduate School of Education; 2013.
16 Oh JH, Choi HC. Impact of Social Anxiety in Smartphone Use and Addiction : Focused on University Students. Broadcasting & Communacation. 2017;18:37-78.   DOI
17 National Information Society Agency. 2018 Smartphone Overdependence Survey. 2011.
18 Eichhammer P, Johann M, Kharraz A, Binder H, Pittrow D, Wodarz N, et al. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases cigarette smoking. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:951-3.   DOI
19 Ministry of Science and ICT, National Information Society Agency. 2018 Smartphone Overdependence Survey. 2018.
20 Kim BY, Ko EJ, Choi HI. A study on factors affecting smart-phone addiction in university students : A focus on differences in classifying risk groups. Studies on Korean Youth. 2013;24:67-98.
21 Addolorato G, Leggio L, Hopf FW, Diana M, Bonci A. Novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol and drug addiction: focus on GABA, ion channels and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37:163-77.   DOI
22 Norris SL, Lee C-T, Burshteyn D, Cea-Aravena J. The Effects of Performance Enhancement Training on Hypertension, Human Attention, Stress, and Brain Wave Patterns. J. Neurother. 2000;4:29-44.
23 Koob GF, Le Moal M. Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;24:97-129.   DOI
24 Fukai M, Bunai T, Hirosawa T, Kikuchi M, Ito S, Minabe Y, et al. Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:115.   DOI
25 Yun JY, Moon JS, Kim MJ, Kim YJ, Kim HA, Huh BL, et al. Smart Phone Addiction and Health problem in University Student. Journal of Korean Association for Crisis and Emergency Management. 2011;3:92-104.
26 Moerman DE. Edible symbols: The effectiveness of placebos. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1981;364:256-68.   DOI