Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2016.23.2.019

Measurement Technologies of Mechanical Properties of Polymers used for Flexible and Stretchable Electronic Packaging  

Kim, Cheolgyu (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
Lee, Tae-Ik (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
Kim, Taek-Soo (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
Publication Information
Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society / v.23, no.2, 2016 , pp. 19-28 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of selected advanced measurement technologies for the mechanical properties of polymers used for flexible and stretchable electronic packaging. Over the years, a variety of flexible and stretchable electronics have been developed due to their potential applications for next generation IT industry. To achieve more flexible and wearable devices for practical applications, the usage of polymeric components has been increased significantly. Therefore, accurate measurement of mechanical properties of the polymers is necessary in order to design mechanically reliable devices. However, the measurement has been challenging due to the soft nature and thin applications of polymers. Here, we describe novel measurement technologies of mechanical properties of polymers for flexible and stretchable electronics.
Keywords
Flexible electronics; Stretchable electronics; Polymer; Mechanical properties; Measurement technology;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. H. Chae, W. J. Yu, J. J. Bae, D. L. Duong, D. Perello, H. Y. Jeong, Q. H. Ta, T. H. Ly, Q. A. Vu and M. Yun, "Transferred wrinkled $Al_2O_3$ for highly stretchable and transparent graphene-carbon nanotube transistors", Nat. Mater., 12, 403 (2013).   DOI
2 M. Kaltenbrunner, T. Sekitani, J. Reeder, T. Yokota, K. Kuribara, T. Tokuhara, M. Drack, R. Schwodiauer, I. Graz and S. Bauer-Gogonea, "An ultra-lightweight design for imperceptible plastic electronics", Nature, 499, 458 (2013).   DOI
3 Y. Chen, J. Au, P. Kazlas, A. Ritenour, H. Gates and M. McCreary, "Electronic paper: Flexible active-matrix electronic ink display", Nature, 423, 136 (2003).
4 B. Lahey, A. Girouard, W. Burleson and R. Vertegaal, "Paper-Phone: understanding the use of bend gestures in mobile devices with flexible electronic paper displays", Proc the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vancouver, 1303 (ACM) (2011).
5 H. J. Yen, C. J. Chen and G. S. Liou, "Flexible Multi-Colored Electrochromic and Volatile Polymer Memory Devices Derived from Starburst Triarylamine-Based Electroactive Polyimide", Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 5307 (2013).   DOI
6 Y.-C. Lai, Y.-C. Huang, T.-Y. Lin, Y.-X. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, Y. Li, T.-Y. Lin, B.-W. Ye, Y.-P. Hsieh and W.-F. Su, "Stretchable organic memory: toward learnable and digitized stretchable electronic applications", NPG Asia Materials, 6, e87 (2014).   DOI
7 M. S. White, M. Kaltenbrunner, E. D. Glowacki, K. Gutnichenko, G. Kettlgruber, I. Graz, S. Aazou, C. Ulbricht, D. A. Egbe and M. C. Miron, "Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs", Nat. Photonics, 7, 811 (2013).   DOI
8 J. Liang, L. Li, X. Niu, Z. Yu and Q. Pei, "Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays", Nat. Photonics, 7, 817 (2013).   DOI
9 C.-L. C. Chien, Y.-C. Huang, S.-F. Hu, C.-M. Chang, M.-C. Yip and W. Fang, "Polymer dispensing and embossing technology for the lens type LED packaging", J. Micromech. Microeng., 23, 065019 (2013).   DOI
10 S. Khan, L. Lorenzelli and R. S. Dahiya, "Technologies for printing sensors and electronics over large flexible substrates: a review", IEEE Sens. J, 15, 3164 (2015).   DOI
11 T. Yamada, Y. Hayamizu, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Yomogida, A. Izadi-Najafabadi, D. N. Futaba and K. Hata, "A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection", Nat. Nanotechnol., 6, 296 (2011).   DOI
12 G. Zhou, F. Li and H.-M. Cheng, "Progress in flexible lithium batteries and future prospects", Energy. Environ. Sci., 7, 1307 (2014).   DOI
13 J. E. Carle, M. Helgesen, M. V. Madsen, E. Bundgaard and F. C. Krebs, "Upscaling from single cells to modules-fabrication of vacuum-and ITO-free polymer solar cells on flexible substrates with long lifetime", J Mater. Chem. C Mater. Opt. Electron Devices,, 2, 1290 (2014).   DOI
14 M. Kaltenbrunner, M. S. White, E. D. Glowacki, T. Sekitani, T. Someya, N. S. Sariciftci and S. Bauer, "Ultrathin and lightweight organic solar cells with high flexibility", Nat. Commun, 3, 770 (2012).   DOI
15 A. Gaikwad, A. Zamarayeva, J. Rousseau, H. Chu, I. Derin and D. Steingart, "Highly stretchable alkaline batteries based on an embedded conductive fabric", Adv. Mater., 24, 5071 (2012).   DOI
16 NSC, National Standard Coordinator. from http://www.kscodi.or.kr/?mid=year_2014_sub03_01.
17 D.-H. Kim, N. Lu, R. Ma, Y.-S. Kim, R.-H. Kim, S. Wang, J. Wu, S. M. Won, H. Tao and A. Islam, "Epidermal electronics", Science, 333, 838 (2011).   DOI
18 D. J. Lipomi, M. Vosgueritchian, B. C. Tee, S. L. Hellstrom, J. A. Lee, C. H. Fox and Z. Bao, "Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes", Nat. Nanotechnol., 6, 788 (2011).   DOI
19 W.-Y. Chang, T.-H. Fang, H.-J. Lin, Y.-T. Shen and Y.-C. Lin, "A large area flexible array sensors using screen printing technology", J. Display Technol., 5, 178 (2009).   DOI
20 G. S. Jeong, D.-H. Baek, H. C. Jung, J. H. Song, J. H. Moon, S. W. Hong, I. Y. Kim and S.-H. Lee, "Solderable and electroplatable flexible electronic circuit on a porous stretchable elastomer", Nat. Commun, 3, 977 (2012).   DOI
21 Y. Wang and W. Tong, "A high resolution DIC technique for measuring small thermal expansion of film specimens", Opt. Lasers. Eng., 51, 30 (2013).   DOI
22 P. Bing, X. Hui-min, H. Tao and A. Asundi, "Measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion of films using digital image correlation method", Polym. Test., 28, 75 (2009).   DOI
23 D. Van den Berg, M. Barink, P. Giesen, E. Meinders and I. Yakimets, "Hygroscopic and thermal micro deformations of plastic substrates for flexible electronics using digital image correlation", Polym. Test., 30, 188 (2011).   DOI
24 C. Dudescu, A. Botean and M. Hardau, "Thermal expansion coefficient determination of polymeric materials using digital image correlation", Mater Plast, 50, 55 (2013).
25 M. De Strycker, L. Schueremans, W. Van Paepegem and D. Debruyne, "Measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of tubular steel specimens with digital image correlation techniques", Opt. Lasers. Eng., 48, 978 (2010).   DOI
26 J. A. Diaz, R. J. Moon and J. P. Youngblood, "Contrast enhanced microscopy digital image correlation: a general method to contact-free coefficient of thermal expansion measurement of polymer films", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 4856 (2014).   DOI
27 T.-I. Lee, M. S. Kim and T.-S. Kim, "Contact-free thermal expansion measurement of very soft elastomers using digital image correlation", Polym. Test., 51, 181 (2016).   DOI
28 H. Wang, J. K. Keum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, B. Freeman, A. Rozanski and A. Galeski, "Confined crystallization of polyethylene oxide in nanolayer assemblies", Science, 323, 757 (2009).   DOI
29 H. Lee, M. Alcoutlabi, J. V. Watson and X. Zhang, "Electrospun nanofiber-coated separator membranes for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries", J. Appl. Polym., 129, 1939 (2013).   DOI
30 T. Kim, J.-H. Kim, T. E. Kang, C. Lee, H. Kang, M. Shin, C. Wang, B. Ma, U. Jeong and T.-S. Kim, "Flexible, highly efficient all-polymer solar cells", Nat. Commun, 6 (2015).
31 Y. Liu, Y.-C. Chen, S. Hutchens, J. Lawrence, T. Emrick and A. J. Crosby, "Directly Measuring the Complete Stress-Strain Response of Ultrathin Polymer Films", Macromolecules, 48, 6534 (2015).   DOI
32 R. Sondergaard, M. Hosel, D. Angmo, T. T. Larsen-Olsen and F. C. Krebs, "Roll-to-roll fabrication of polymer solar cells", Mater. today, 15, 36 (2012).   DOI
33 D. Angmo, T. T. Larsen-Olsen, M. Jorgensen, R. R. Sondergaard and F. C. Krebs, "Roll-to-Roll Inkjet Printing and Photonic Sintering of Electrodes for ITO Free Polymer Solar Cell Modules and Facile Product Integration", Adv. Energy Mater., 3, 172 (2013).   DOI
34 D. Angmo, S. A. Gevorgyan, T. T. Larsen-Olsen, R. R. Sondergaard, M. Hosel, M. Jorgensen, R. Gupta, G. U. Kulkarni and F. C. Krebs, "Scalability and stability of very thin, rollto-roll processed, large area, indium-tin-oxide free polymer solar cell modules", Org. Electron., 14, 984 (2013).   DOI
35 Y.-J. Hwang, G. Ren, N. M. Murari and S. A. Jenekhe, "n-type naphthalene diimide-biselenophene copolymer for allpolymer bulk heterojunction solar cells", Macromolecules, 45, 9056 (2012).   DOI
36 A. Facchetti, "Polymer donor-polymer acceptor (all-polymer) solar cells", Mater. Today, 16, 123 (2013).   DOI
37 J.-H. Kim, A. Nizami, Y. Hwangbo, B. Jang, H.-J. Lee, C.-S. Woo, S. Hyun and T.-S. Kim, "Tensile testing of ultra-thin films on water surface", Nat. Commun, 4 (2013).
38 T.-I. Lee, C. Kim, M. S. Kim and T.-S. Kim, "Flexural and tensile moduli of flexible FR4 substrates", Polym. Test. (2016).   DOI
39 H. Y. Kim, J. Jin, S.-H. Ko Park, I.-Y. Eom and B.-S. Bae, "350 C processable low-CTE transparent glass-fabric-reinforced hybrimer film for flexible substrates", J. Inf. Disp., 16, 57 (2015).   DOI
40 J. Jin, J. H. Ko, S. Yang and B. S. Bae, "Rollable Transparent Glass-Fabric Reinforced Composite Substrate for Flexible Devices", Adv. Mater., 22, 4510 (2010).   DOI
41 C. Kim, T.-I. Lee, M. S. Kim and T.-S. Kim, "Warpage Analysis of Electroplated Cu Films on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Packaging Substrates", Polymers, 7, 985 (2015).   DOI
42 S.-J. Joo, B. Park, D.-H. Kim, D.-O. Kwak, I.-S. Song, J. Park and H.-S. Kim, "Investigation of multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) film warpage using viscoelastic properties measuredby a vibration test", J. Micromech. Microeng, 25,035021 (2015).   DOI