Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.3.248

A study of total sugar intake by middle school students in Jeju Province  

Ko, Yang Sook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University)
Kim, Eun Mi (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University)
Chae, In Sook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University)
Lee, Hyun Sook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.48, no.3, 2015 , pp. 248-257 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate total sugar intake and sugar intake-related dietary habit and nutrient intake of middle school students. Methods: Subjects included 1,184 middle school students (476 males and 708 females) residing in Jeju. This research analyzed daily dietary intakes of subjects using the 24 hour recall method and surveyed the dietary habit related to total sugar intake using questionnaires. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA, using the SAS program were used for analysis of data. Results: The average daily total sugar intake was 60.3 g (male 50.5 g, female 66.9 g). Total sugar intake per meal was 6.5 g (10.8%) from breakfast, 9.0 g (14.9%) from lunch, 11.8 g (19.6%) from dinner, and 33.0 g (54.7%) from snacks. Food groups that contribute to the majority of total sugar intake were grains and their products (23.0 g), milk (11.0 g), fruits and their products (7.3 g), sugars and sweets (6.1 g), and vegetables and their products (5.8 g). In terms of total sugar intakes by cooking methods, desserts showed a greater amount than main and side dishes, and indicated in order of amount as follows: bread and cookies (11.5 g), dairy products (7.5 g), ice cakes (6.2 g), beverages (5.3 g), and fruits (4.5 g). Total sugar consumption was high for rice and side dishes such as noodles (10.2 g), fried foods (2.9 g), stir-fried foods (2.0 g), and cooked rice with seasoning (1.7 g). The daily intake of natural sugar, added sugar, and natural and added sugar was 18.3 g, 35.8 g, and 6.2 g, respectively. The high sugar intake group, which was over 20% of the energy from total sugar intakes, consumed significantly less Fe, Zn, vitamin B6, niacin, and vitamin E than the low sugar intake group, which was below 20%. Conclusion: Total sugar intake of second graders of middle schools on Jeju Island was 60.3 g/day, mostly obtained from snacks (54.7%). Therefore, nutritional education for proper selection of better snacks and for reduction of dietary sugar intake is needed for middle school students.
Keywords
total sugar intake; middle school student; snack;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 World Health Organization (CH); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (IT). Carbohydrates in human nutrition: report of a joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Rome, 14-18 April 1997. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; 1998.
2 Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food labelling regulation. Cheongju: Korea Food and Drug Administration; 2006.
3 United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and your health: dietary guidelines for Americans. Home and garden bulletin No. 232. 5th edition. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office; 2000.
4 Shankar P, Ahuja S, Sriram K. Non-nutritive sweeteners: review and update. Nutrition 2013; 29(11-12): 1293-1299.   DOI
5 National Health and Medical Research Council (AU). Dietary guidelines for Australian adults. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2003.
6 Rayner M, Scarborough P, Williams C. The origin of Guideline Daily Amounts and the Food Standards Agency's guidance on what counts as 'a lot' and 'a little'. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7(4): 549-556.   DOI
7 Institute of Grocery Distribution (GB). IGD Working Group Report. Report of the IGD/PIC Industry Nutrition Strategy Group technical working group on Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs). Watford: Institute of Grocery Distribution; 2005.
8 The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans, 1st revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
9 World Health Organization (CH). WHO Technical Report Series No. 916: diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
10 Ruxton CH, Gardner EJ, McNulty HM. Is sugar consumption detrimental to health? A review of the evidence 1995-2006. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50(1): 1-19.   DOI
11 Chung CE. Control of total energy intake is key of obesity prevention. Symposium of the Korea Food and Nutrition Foundation; 2004 Oct 5; Seoul Lotte Hotel Emerald Hall. Seoul: Korea Food and Nutrition Foundation; 2004.
12 Chung CE. Dietary intakes and food sources of total sugars from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(Suppl): 9-21.
13 Lee HS, Kwon SO, Yon M, Kim D, Lee JY, Nam J, Park SJ, Yeon JY, Lee SK, Lee HY, Kwon OS, Kim CI. Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011. J Nutr Health 2014; 47(4): 268-276.   DOI
14 Kim SH, Chung HK. Sugar supply and intake of Koreans. Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(Suppl): 22-28.
15 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Korean Pediatric Society; Committee for the Growth Standard for Korean Children and Adolescents. Growth chart in Korean children and adolescent. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2007.
16 Choi SK, Choi HJ, Chang NS, Cho SH, Choi YS, Park HK, Joung HJ. Snacking behaviors of middle and high school students in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 2008; 13(2): 199-206.
17 Kim SH, Kim KY, Kim HJ, Lee SS, Kim SY. A survey on added sugar intakes from general snacks by adolescents in Daejeon and development of educational materials for guiding their optimal intakes of sugars. Korean J Hum Ecol 2008; 11(1): 5-19.
18 Park YG, Lee EM, Kim CS, Eom JH, Byun JA, Sun NK, Lee JH, Heo OS. Survey on the content and intake pattern of sugar from elementary and middle school foodservices in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2010; 39(10): 1545-1554.   DOI
19 Kim HY, Park SJ, Chung SY, Choi SH, Oh SW, Lee JS, Choi IS, Shin MS, Song JS. Monitoring the sugar content and intake in school meals from Incheon and Chuncheon. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2011; 43(1): 58-64.   DOI
20 Choi MH, Kwon KI, Kim JY, Lee JS, Kim JW, Park HK, Kim MC, Kim GH. Safety management of children's foods: dietary intakes of total sugar and monitoring of total sugar contents in foods. Safe Food 2008; 3(1): 22-29.
21 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2001 National health and nutrition survey. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs; 2002.
22 Burt BA. Relative consumption of sucrose and other sugars: has it been a factor in reduced caries experience? Caries Res 1993; 27 Suppl 1: 56-63.   DOI
23 Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S. Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(5): 774-779.   DOI
24 Marckmann P, Raben A, Astrup A. Ad libitum intake of low-fat diets rich in either starchy foods or sucrose: effects on blood lipids, factor VII coagulant activity, and fibrinogen. Metabolism 2000; 49(6): 731-735.   DOI
25 Kim Y, Chang H. Correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sugar consumption, quality of diet, and dietary behavior in school children. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5(3): 236-245.   DOI
26 Yu NH, Kim MJ, Han JS. A study on the food intake frequency, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of middle school students who like sweets in Busan. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2007; 36(6): 735-744.   DOI
27 Ko YS, Kim EM, Lee HS. A study of dietary intake of total sugars by elementary students in Jeju province. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(1): 81-93.   DOI