Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2018.25.4.001

Will Prone Trunk Extension Affect Scapular and Thoracic Kinematics and Muscle Activities During Scapular Posterior Tilting Exercise in Subjects With Round Shoulder and Flexed Posture?  

Shin, A-reum (Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University)
Lee, Ji-hyun (Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University)
Kim, Da-eun (Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University)
Cynn, Heon-seock (Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Physical Therapy Korea / v.25, no.4, 2018 , pp. 1-8 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Round shoulder posture, results from excessive flexed posture of the thorax, is defined as a position of scapular protraction, anterior tipping, and downward rotation. However, previous studies have focused on only passive position of the thorax during scapular posterior tilting (SPT) and have not reported on SPT combined with correction of flexed posture. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT with prone trunk extension (SPT + PTE) on activities of the lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and thoracic erector spinae and degree of posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture were recruited. The caliper was used to measure the degree of round shoulder and flexed posture. Electromyography was performed to collect data of muscle activities. Paired t-test was used to compare two exercise (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: When SPT + PTE was applied, the degree of round shoulder posture (p=.001) and flexed posture (p=.039) significantly decreased compared with that when SPT was applied. The lower trapezius activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.026). There were no significant differences in serratus anterior activity between SPT + PTE and SPT. The thoracic erector spinae activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.014). Conclusion: SPT + PTE might be one of the effective methods to enhance activities of lower trapezius and thoracic erector spinae, and to reduce round shoulder posture and flexed posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture.
Keywords
Flexed posture; Prone trunk extension; Round shoulder posture; Scapular posterior tilting;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ha SM, Kwon OY, Cynn HS, et al. Comparison of electromyographic activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle in different arm-lifting scapular posterior tilt exercises. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(4):227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.002   DOI
2 Hinman MR. Comparison of thoracic kyphosis and postural stiffness in younger and older women. Spine J. 2004;4(4):413-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2004.01.002   DOI
3 Hongo M, Itoi E, Sinaki M, et al. Effects of reducing resistance, repetitions, and frequency of backstrengthening exercise in healthy young women: A pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(7):1299-1303.   DOI
4 Hrysomallis C. Effectiveness of strengthening and stretching exercises for the postural correction of abducted scapulae: A review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):567-574. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c069d8   DOI
5 Katzman WB, Vittinghoff E, Kado DM, et al. Study of hyperkyphosis, exercise and function (SHEAF) protocol of a randomized controlled trial of multimodal spine strengthening exercise in older adults with hyperkyphosis. Phys Ther. 2015;96(3):371-381. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150171
6 Kebaetse M, McClure P, Pratt NA. Thoracic position effect on shoulder range of motion, strength, and three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(8):945-950.   DOI
7 Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, et al. Muscles: Testing and Function With Posture and Pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
8 Kibler WB, Sciascia AD, Uhl TL, et al. Electromyographic analysis of specific exercises for scapular control in early phases of shoulder rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(9):1789-1798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316281   DOI
9 Lee JH, Cynn HS, Yoon TL, et al. The effect of scapular posterior tilt exercise, pectoralis minor stretching, and shoulder brace on scapular alignment and muscles activity in subjects with round-shoulder posture. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015;25(1):107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.10.010   DOI
10 Lee JH, Cynn HS, Choi WJ, et al. Various shrug exercises can change scapular kinematics and scapular rotator muscle activities in subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome. Hum Mov Sci. 2016;45:119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.016   DOI
11 Ludewig PM, Paula M, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000;80(3):276-291.
12 Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Amsterdam. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
13 McClure PW, Bialker J, Neff N, et al. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program. Phys Ther. 2004;84(9):832-848.
14 O'Sullivan PB, Grahamslaw KM, Kendell M, et al. The effect of different standing and sitting postures on trunk muscle activity in a pain-free population. Spine. 2002;27(11):1238-1244.   DOI
15 Park KH, Kang MH, Kim TH, et al. Selective recruitment of the thoracic erector spinae during prone trunk-extension exercise. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015a;28(4):789-795. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150586   DOI
16 Park SY, Yoo WG, An DH, et al. Comparison of isometric exercises for activating latissimus dorsi against the upper body weight. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015b;25(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.09.001   DOI
17 Sahrmann S, Azevedo DC, Dillen LV. Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017;21(6):391-399.   DOI
18 Cole AK, McGrath ML, Harrington SE, et al. Scapular bracing and alteration of posture and muscle activity in overhead athletes with poor posture. J Athl Train. 2013;48(1):12-24. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.13   DOI
19 Ball JM, Cagle P, Johnson BE, et al. Spinal extension exercises prevent natural progression of kyphosis. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(3):481-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0690-3   DOI
20 Balzini L, Vannucchi L, Benvenuti F, et al. Clinical characteristics of flexed posture in elderly women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(10):1419-1426.   DOI
21 Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2010:265-349.
22 Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, and Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):247-258. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247   DOI
23 Finley MA and Lee RY. Effect of sitting posture on 3-dimensional scapular kinematics measured by skin-mounted electromagnetic tracking sensors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(4):563-568. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50087   DOI
24 Granito RN, Aveiro MC, Renno ACM, et al. Comparison of thoracic kyphosis degree, trunk muscle strength and joint position sense among healthy and osteoporotic elderly women: A cross-sectional preliminary study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(2):199-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.012   DOI
25 Gray JC, Grimsby O. Interrelationship of the spine, rib cage, and shoulder. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012:87-130.
26 Sinaki M, Itoi E, Rogers JW, et al. Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogen-deficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75(5):370-374.   DOI
27 Sahrmann S. Movement System Impairment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines. St. Louis, MO, Elsevier/Mosby, 2011.
28 Silva AG, Punt TD, Sharples P, et al. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: A comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(4):669-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018   DOI
29 Sinaki M. The role of physical activity in bone health: a new hypothesis to reduce risk of vertebral fracture. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18(3):593-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2007.04.002   DOI
30 Thigpen CA, Padua DA, Michener LA, et al. Head and shoulder posture affect scapular mechanics and muscle activity in overhead tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(4):701-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.12.003   DOI
31 Vera-Garcia FJ, Moreside JM, McGill SM. MVC techniques to normalize trunk muscle EMG in healthy women. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(1):10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.01   DOI