Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.3.308

Distribution Patterns of Hydrophytes by Water Depth Distribution in Mokpo of Upo Wetland  

Lim, Jeong-Cheol (National Institute of Environmental Research)
An, Kyung-Whan (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lee, Chang-Wo (National Institute of Ecology)
Lee, Jeong-Hyun (National Institute of Biological Resources)
Choi, Byeong-Ki (Dong-Eui University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology / v.30, no.3, 2016 , pp. 308-319 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify distribution patterns of hydrophytes in the Mokpo wetland in relation to the depth of water. Sample surveys were conducted based on plant species distribution status and water depths at 274 spots. This study also developed a detailed depth distribution map for Mokpo wetland, which was never done in any previous studies. Through this study, it was found that the average depth of the wetland was 77cm (${\pm}29cm$) and the maximal depth was 157cm. The outer edge was no deeper than 60cm and the center approximately 120~130cm in depth, forming a concave bowl-like shape. This research confirmed inhabitation of 6 types of submerged plants (Verticillate hydrilla, Vallisneria natans, Najas graminea, Potamogeton cripus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Potamogeton brechtoldi), and three types of floating leaved plants (Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubia and Trapa japonica) in the surveyed areas of the wetland. The distribution of these hydrophytes showed a statistically significant difference (${\chi}^2=982.2$, df = 8, p < 0.01), which confirms the fact that distribution varies based on environmental conditions. The most frequently observed species was Trapa japonicas at 244 times, and it showed a distribution pattern by which coverage increased with greater depth, as was also seen in the case of Potamogeton cripus. Five species-Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubid, Verticillate hydrilla, Najas graminea, and Ceratophyllum demersum-showed a negative correlation to depth, by which coverage decreased with increasing depth. It has been shown that fundamentally, the distribution of hydrophytes based on depth is affected by ecological factors, but also reflects the environmental properties of Mokpo wetland.
Keywords
CORRELATION; SUBMERGED PLANT; FLOATING-LEAVED PLANT; PHYTOSYNTHESIS; BREAKING DORMANCY;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Goren-Inbar, N., Y. Melamed, I. Zohar, K. Akhilesh and S. Pappu(2014) Beneath still waters-multistage aquatic exploitation of Euryale ferox(Salisb.) during the Acheulian, Internet Archaeol.(in Press)
2 Hanson, M.A. and M.G. Butler(1994) Responses of plankton, turbidity, and macrophytes to biomanipulation in a shallow prairie lake. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51: 1180-1188.   DOI
3 Havens, K.E.(2003) Submerged aquatic vegetation correlations with depth and light attenuating materials in a shallow subtropical lake. Hydrobiologia 493: 173-186.   DOI
4 Hudon, C.(1997) Impact of water level fluctuations on St. Lawrence river aquatic vegetation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54: 2853-2865.   DOI
5 Hudon, C., S. Lalonde and P. Gagnon(2000) Ranking the effects of site exposure, planst growth form, water depth, and transparency on aquatic plant biomass. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 31-42.
6 Jaynes, M.L. and S.R. Carpenter(1986) Effects of vescular and nonvascular macrophytes on sediment redox and solute dynamics. Ecol. 67(4): 875-882.   DOI
7 Jeong, W.G., Y.S. Kong and W.J. Yang(1995) The flora of vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes in Mokop swamp and their protection. Environmental Problems Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. 17: 77-94. (in Korean with English abstract)
8 Joo, G.J., G.Y. Kim, S.B. Park, C.W. Lee and S.H. Choi(2002) Limnological characteristics and influences of free-floating plants on the Woopo wetland during the summer. Korean J. Limnol. 35(4): 273-284.
9 Jeppesen, E., J.P. Jensen, M. Sondergaard, T. Lauridsen, L.J. Pedersen and L. Jensen(1997) Top-down control in freshwater lakes: the role of nutrient state, submerged macrophytes and water depth. Hydrobiologia 342/343: 151-164.   DOI
10 Kadono, Y.(1983) Natural history of Euryale ferox Salisb. Nat. Stud. 29: 63-66. (in Japanese)
11 Keddy, P.A.(1986) Great lakes vegetation dynamics: the role of fluctuating water levels and buried seeds. Journal of Great Lakes Research 12(1): 25-36.   DOI
12 Keddy, P.A. and P. Constable(1986) Germination of ten shoreline plants in relation to seed size, soil and particle size and water level: an experimental study. Journal of Ecology 74: 133-141.   DOI
13 Kemp, W.M. et al.(2004) Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay: Water quality, light regime, and physical-chemical factors. Estuaries 27(3): 363-377.   DOI
14 Kim, C.S., K.H. Park and I.S. Paik(2005) 40Ar/39Ar Age of the volcanic pebbles within the Silla Conglomerate and deposition timing of the Hayang group. The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea 14: 38-44. (in Korean with English abstract)
15 Kim, J.W., K.H Ahn, C.W. Lee and B.K. Choi(2011) Plant Communityes of Upo Wetland. Keimyung University Press, Daegu, 333pp. (in Korean)
16 Kumaki, Y. and Y. Minami(1973) Seed germination of Onibasu Euryale ferox Salisb. (II). Bull. Fac. Educ., Kanazawa Univ., Nat. Sci. 22: 71-78.
17 Langeland, K.A.(1996) Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae), "The Perfect Aquatic Weed". Castanea 61: 293-304.
18 Kume, O.(1987) Growth situation of Euryale ferox Salisb. in Kagawa prefecture I. Bull.Water Plant Soc. Jpn. 27: 16-19. (in Japanese)
19 Kunii, H.(1988) Seasonal growth and biomass of Trapa japonic flerov in Ojaga-ike pond, Chiba, Japan. Ecological research 3: 305-318.   DOI
20 Kurauchi, I.(1954) Ecological studies on water plants in a irrigation trench, "Muro-Yosui, "Aichi Pref. Bulletin of the Society of Plant Ecology 3(4): 186-192. (in Japanes)
21 Lee, S.E.(2009) Syntaxonomy and synecology of plan communities at the potential floodplain in the Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Master Dissertatiion, Keymyung University, Daegu, 103pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
22 Lee, T.Y. and S.Y. Yoon(1999) A study on characteristics of water pollution in Woopo-Mokpo wetlands. Journal of Wetlands Research 1: 1-5. (in Korean with English abstract)
23 Lee, Y.K.(2004) Syntaxonomy and synecology of the riparian vegetation in South Korea. Ph. D. Dissertation, Keymyung University, Daegu, 168pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
24 Middelboe, A. L. and S. Markager(1997) Depth limits and minimum light requirements if freshwater macrophytes. Freshwater Biol. 37: 553-568.   DOI
25 Miyashita, Y.(1983) Euryale ferox Salisb. of Sakata lagoon in Niigata prefecture. Bull.Water Plant Soc. Jpn. 11: 4-6. (in Japanese)
26 Nakdong-river System Commission(2009) Survey of Environment and Ecosystem of Lakes in the Nakdong River System(2nd). Nakdong-river system commission, Gyeong-Buk. (in Korean)
27 Nicol, J. and G.G. Ganf(2000) Water regimes, seedling recruitment and establishment in three wetland plant species. Mar. Freshwater Res. 51: 305-309.   DOI
28 Abebe, E., I. Andrassy and W. Traunspurger(2006) Freshwater Nematodes:Ecology and Taxonomy. CABI International. Wallingford.
29 Ahn, K.H.(2010) Syntaxonomy and Synecology of the Upo Wetland. Ph. D. Dissertation, Keymyung University, Daegu, 126pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
30 Bogucki, D.J., G.K. Gruendling and M. Madden(1980) Remote sensing to monitor water chestnut growth in Lake Champlain. Journal of Soil Water Conservation 35(2):79-81.
31 Nichols, S.A.(1992) Depth, substrate, and turbidity relationships of some Wisconsin lake plants. Transactions of Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 80: 97-118.
32 Nielsen, D.L. and A.J. Chick(1997) Flood-mediated changes in aquatic macrophyte community structure. Mar. Freshwater Res. 48: 153-157.   DOI
33 Bouwmeester, H.J. and C.M. Karssen(1993) Annual changes in dormancy andgermination in seeds of Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. N. Phytol. 124:179-191.   DOI
34 Bolduan, B.R. G.C Van Eeckhout, H.W. Wade and J.E. Gannon (1994) Potamogeton crispus-The other invader. Lake and Reservoir Management 10: 113-125.   DOI
35 Bornette, G. and S. Puijalon(2011) Response of aquatic plants to abiotic factors : a areview. Aquat Sci. 73: 1-14.   DOI
36 Bouwmeester, H.J. and C.M. Karssen(1992) The dual role of temperature in the regula-tion of the seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia 90: 88-94.   DOI
37 Bowes, G., A.S. Holaday, T.K. Van and W.T. Haller(1977) Photosynthetic and photorespiratory carbon metabolism in aquatic plants. In Hall, D.O., J. Coombs and T.W. Goodwin (eds) Photosynthesis 77. Proceedings 4th Int. Congress of Photosynthesis, Reading (UK) pp. 289-298.
38 Canfield, D.E.J., J.V. Shireman, D.E. Colle, W.T. Haller, C.E.I. Watkins and M.J. Maceina(1984) Prediction of chlorophyll-a concentration in Florida lakes: importance of aquatic macrophytes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41: 497-501.   DOI
39 Okada, Y.(1935) Long-term dormancy of Euryale ferox Salisb. seeds. Seitaigakutekikenkyu 1: 14-22. (in Japanese)
40 Oh, K.H.(1990) Effect of the aquatic vascular plants on the Eutrophication of the lake ecosystems. Journal of Natural Science 6: 91-108. (in Korean with English abstract)
41 O'Neil-Morin, J. and K. D. Kimball(1983) Relationship of macrophyte-mediated changes in the water column to periphyton composition and abundance. Freshwater Biology 13: 403-414.   DOI
42 Otaki, S.(1987) Euryale ferox Salisb. in Japan. Nihon no seibutsu 1(4): 48-55. (in Japanese)
43 Pearsall, W.H.(1920) The aquatic vegetation of the English lakes. The Journal of Ecology 8(3): 163-201.   DOI
44 Riis, T. and I. Hawes(2002) Relationships between water level fluctuations and vegetation diversity in shallow water of New Zealand lakes. Aquatic Botany 74: 133-148.   DOI
45 Rorslett B.(1991) Principal determinants of aquatic macrophyte richness in northern european lakes. Aquatic Botany 39: 173-193.   DOI
46 Squires, M.M., L.F.W. Lesack and D. Huebert(2002) The influence of water transparency on the distribution and abundance of macrophytes among lakes of the Mackenzie Delta, Western Canadian Arctic. Freshwater Biol. 47: 2123-2135.   DOI
47 Schwarz, A.M. and I. Hawes(1997) Effects of changing water clarity on characean biomass and species composition in a large oligotrophic lake. Aquat. Bot. 56: 169-181.   DOI
48 Sculthorpe, C.D.(1967) The biology of aquatic vascular plants. Edward Arnold Lthd., London.
49 Spence, D.H.N.(1982) The zonation of plants in freshwater lakes. Advance Ecology Research 12: 37-124.
50 Cao, Q.J. and F.F. Mei(2015) Growth of floating-leaved and submerged plants in artificial co-cultured microcosms : morphological responses to various water fluctuation regimes. Pakistan Journal of Botany 47(1): 141-148.
51 Carpenter, S.R. and D.M. Lodge(1986) Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Botany 26: 341-370.   DOI
52 Dennison, W.C. et al.(1993) Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. BioScience 43: 86-94.   DOI
53 Carter, V., N.B. Rybicki, J.M. Landwehr and M. Turtora(1994) Role of weather and water quality on population dynmics of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. Estuaries 17: 417-426.   DOI
54 Chambers, P.A. and J. Kalff(1985) The influence of sediment composition and irradiance on the growth and morphology of Myriophyllum spicatum L. Aquat. Bot. 22: 253-263.   DOI
55 Chambers, P.A. and E.E. Prepas(1988) Underwater spectral attenuation and its effect on the maximum depth of angiosperm colonisation Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45: 1010-1017.   DOI
56 Dhote, S. and S. Dixit(2009) Water quality improvement through macrophytes-a review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 152: 149-153.   DOI
57 Duarte, C.M. and J. Kalff(1986) Littoral slope as a predictor of the maximum biomass of submerged macrophyte communities. Limnology and Oceanography 31: 1072-1080.   DOI
58 Duarte, C.M. and J. Kalff(1990) Patterns of submerged macrophyte biomass of lakes and the importance of the scale of analysis in the interpretation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47: 357-363.   DOI
59 Ellis, C.R., H.G. Stefan and R. Gu(1991) Water temperature dynamics and heat transger beneath the ice cover of a lake. Limnology and Oceanography 36(2): 324-334.   DOI
60 Su, W.H., G.F. Zhang, Y.S. Zhang, H. Xiao and F. Xia(2004) The photosynthetic characteristics of five submerged aquatic plants. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 28: 391-395.
61 Takamura N., Y. Kadona, M. Fukushima, M. Nakagawa, B.H.O. Kim(2003) Effects of aquatic macrophytes on water quality and phytoplankton communities in shallow lakes. Ecol Res. 18: 381-395.   DOI
62 Titus, J.E. and M.S. Adams(1979) Coexistence and the comparative light relations of the submersed macrophytes Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Vallisneria americana Michx. Oecologia 40: 273-286.   DOI
63 Tobiessen, P. and P.D. Snow(1984) Temperature and light effects on the growth of Potamogeton crispus in Collins Lake, New York State. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2822-2826.   DOI
64 Tsuchiya, T.(1989) Growth and biomass turnover of Hydrocharis dubia L. cultured under different nutrient conditions. Ecol. Res. 4: 157-166.   DOI
65 Wakita, H.(1959) Study on the fresh water plants in Nagoya and north-eastern part of Owari province; including ecological study of Euryale ferox Salisbury. Chubunihon shizen kagaku chosadan hokoku 3: 5-7. (in Japanese)
66 Wetzel, R.G.(1983) Limnology. 2nd edition. New York(NY): Saunders college publishing. 860pp.
67 Wallsten, M. and P.O.O. Forsgren(1989) The effects of increased water levels on aquatic macrophytes. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 27: 32-37.
68 Walter, H. and S.W. Breckle(2002) Walter's vegetation of the earth, ed. 5. Springer Verlag, New York.
69 Weiher, E. and P.A. Keddy(1995) The assembly of experimental wetland plant communities. Oikos 73: 323-335.   DOI
70 Wilson, S.D. and P.A. Keddy(1985) Plant zonation on a shoreline gradient: physiological response curves of component species. J. Ecol. 73: 851-860.   DOI
71 You, Y.H. and H.R. Kim(2010) Key factor causing the Euryale ferox endangered hydrophyte in Korea and management strategies for conservation. Journal of Wetlands Research 12(3): 49-56. (in Korean with English abstract)
72 Gafny, S. and A. Gasith(1999) Spatially and temporally sporadic appearance of macrophytes in th littoral zone of Lake Kinneret, Isreal: taking advantage of a window of opportunity. Aquat. Bot. 62: 249-267.   DOI
73 Wu, J., S. Cheng, W. Liang, F. He and Z. Wu(2009) Effects of sediment anoxoa and light on turion germination and early growth of Potamogeton crispus. Hydrobiologia 628: 111-119.   DOI
74 Yang, D.Y., J.Y. Kim, J.K. Kim, S.S. Hong, W.H. Nahm and J.Y. Lee(2003) Landform changes detected from satellite images and bottom topography-sediment distribution in the Upo wetland, S. Korea. The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 17(2): 153-156.