Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2013.102.1.038

A Reconsideration of the List of National Endemic Plants (appendix 4-1) Under the Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act Proposed by Korea Forest Service  

Park, Soo Kyung (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University)
Gil, Hee-Young (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University)
Kim, Hui (Department of Medicinal Plants Resources, Mokpo National University)
Chang, Chin-Sung (Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.102, no.1, 2013 , pp. 38-58 More about this Journal
Abstract
The existence of endemism in many parts of the world is an important factor for conservationists. Conservation can only be carried out under national legislation, and national endemics, which have very limited ranges, fully depend on the effort and success of conservation. A total of 523 vascular plant taxa were listed in the latest national checklist by Ministry of Environment in 2005, while the 'Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act' including a national endemic list (appendix 4-1) was established by Korea Forest Service and was legislated as a law in late 2011. This legislation by Korea Forest Service on endemism of Korean vascular plants have required much attention because of discrepancies of nomenclature, taxonomic bias and inflation. Examining data for both lists proposed by Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest Service, of the total of 360 legislated taxa, around 286 taxa are shared with the list of Ministry of Environment, of which about 80% have been found as common taxa. Around 67(18.7%) are typographic errors, and 14 taxa (3.9%) are recorded as illegitimate and invalidly published names. Through this analysis 12 taxa (3.4%) were found in China as well as in Korea and these are thought to be non Korean endemic taxa. Taken together, the legislated list displayed 1/4 (24.9%) errors out of the total list. Only 59 taxa (16.5%) are identified as national endemic species. The remainder are either unresolved candidates (73 taxa, 20.4%) or synonyms (196 taxa, 54.7%) status. It must be noted, that the concept of endemism very much depends on the knowledge of the species concept, taxonomic bias and geographical range of a species. Also, the most major nomenclatural problem tend to be more stable if the information on database about Korea Plant Name, which is managed by Korea National Arboretum are well updated year to year. These exaggerated numbers underscore the urgency for regional conservation planning and implementing effective strategies to preserve these real endemic taxa into the future.
Keywords
creation and furtherance of arboretums act; endemic species; Korean peninsula; nomenclature;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tae, K.H., Tho, J.H., Hwang, S.H., Park, Y.D., Yang, E.J. and Lee, J.S. 2010. Lysimachia quelpaertensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Jeju Island, South Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 40(2): 108-112.
2 Roh, M.S., Kurita, S., Zhao, X.Y. and Suh, J.K. 2002. Identification and classification of the genus Lycoris using molecular markers. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science 43(2): 120-132.
3 Shin, H.C. and Kim, Y.D. 2008. A new name for Wasabia koreana (Brassicaceae) in South Korea. A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 18(3): 384-386.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Sin, J.H., Yoo, Y.G. and Park, K.R. 2002. A palynotaxonomic study of the Korean Crassulaceae. Korean Journal of Electron Microscopy 32(4): 345-360 (in Korean).
5 Sun, B.Y., Kim, C.H. and Kim, T.J. 1993. A new species of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) from Korea: E. byunsanensis. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 23(1): 21-26 (in Korean).
6 Tae, K.H. and Ko, S.C. 1997. Relationship of the Korean Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) using the RAPDs analysis. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27(3): 349-358.
7 Townsend, A., Peterson, D. and Watson, M. 1998. Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial scaling. Diversity and Distributions 4: 189-194.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Tribsch, A. and Schonswetter, P. 2003. Patterns of endemism and comparative phylogeography confirm palaeoenvironmental evidence for Pleistocene refugia in the Eastern Alps. Taxon 52: 477-497.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 1983. Endangered and Threatened Species Listing and Recovery Priority Guidelines. Federal Register 48: 43098.
10 Yamazaki, T. 1996. A revision of the genus Rhododendron in Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Sakhalin. Tsumura Laboratory, Tokyo. pp 1-179.
11 Yook, C.S. and Kim, J.G. 1996. A new species and two new forma of Asiasarum. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy 27: 342-346.
12 Young, B.E. 2007. Endemic species distribution on the east slope of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
13 Lim, Y.S., Hyun, J.O., Kim, Y.D. and Shin, H.C. 2005. Aster chusanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Korea. Journal of Plant Biology 48(4): 479-482.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Ministry of Environment. 2005. Endemic Species of Korea. Seoul. pp. 324-417 (in Korean).
15 Lim, Y.S., Hyun, J.O. and Shin, H.C. 2003. Aster pseudoglehui (Asteraceae), a new species from Korea. Journal of Japanese Botany 78: 203-207.
16 McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L. , Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Van Reine, W. F. Prud'homme, Smith, G.F., Wiersema, J.H., Turland, N.J. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011, Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany [Regnum Vegetabile 154].
17 Merrill, E.D. 1942. Records of Indo-Chinese plants, III. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 23: 156-197.
18 Nakai, T. 1909. Plantae novae Asiatica. The Botanical Magazine, Tokyo. 23: 185-192.   DOI
19 Nakai, T. 1911. Flora Koreana. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo. 31: 1-573.
20 Nakai, T. 1935. Notulae ad Plantas Japoniae & Koreae XLVIII. The Botanical Magazine, Tokyo. 49: 579-587.   DOI
21 Nakai, T. 1952. A synoptical sketch of Korean flora. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 31: 1-152.
22 Oh, B.Y. and Ji, S.J. 2009. Eranthis pungdoensis B.U. Oh: a new species of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 39(2): 86-88.
23 Oh, B.U., Jo, D.G., Kim, K.S. and Jang, C.G. 2005. Endemic vascular plants in the Korean peninsula. Korea National Arboretum. Pochon, Korea (in Korean).
24 Paik, W.K. 1994. Substance of the Korean endemic plants and investigation of their distribution. Bulletin of the Korea Association for Conservation of Nature 13: 5-84 (in Korean).
25 Park, C.-W. (editor-in-Chjef). 2007. The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Academy Publishing Co., Seoul.
26 Rao, M.K.V. 2004. The importance of botanical nomenclature and synonymy in taxonomy and biodiversity. Current Scince, Bangalore 87(5): 602-606.
27 Paik, W.K. and Lee, W.C. 1995. Gentiana wootchuliana (Gentianaceae): a new species from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 25(1): 1-6 (in Korean).
28 Paik, W.K. 1999. The status of endemic plants in Korea and our tasks in the 21st century. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 29(3): 263-274 (in Korean).
29 Paik, W.K. and Heo, K. 2002. The status and conservation of endemic plants in Korea. Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute of Gangwon National University. Symposium Proceedings. Mt. Jangpaik: A Treasure House of Biomass. pp. 5-22 (in Korean).
30 Kim, J.S., Chung, J.M., Kim, S.Y. and Pak, J.H. 2009. Clematis calcicola J. S. Kim: a new species of Clematis sect. Atragene (Ranunculaceae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 39(1): 1-3.
31 Kim, K.O., Hong, S.H., Lee, Y.H., Na, C.S., Kang, B.H. and Son, Y. 2009. Taxonomic Status of Endemic Plants in Korea. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology 32(4): 277-293.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Kim, M.Y. 2004a. A taxonomic review of Korean Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 34(1): 9-26.
33 Kim, M.Y. 2004b. Korean Endemic Plants. Solkwahak. Seoul (in Korean).
34 Kim, T.W. and Chun, S.H. 1991. A comprehensive reexamination of endemic woody plants, Korea. Seoul National University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16(2): 1-37 (in Korean).
35 Kim, Y.Y., Ji, S.J. and Oh, B.U. 2010. Rorippa apetala: a new species of Rorippa Scopoli. (Brassicaceae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 40(2): 84-89.
36 Lee, T.B. 1982. Endemic plants and their distribution in Korea. The National Academy of Sciences Research Papers 21: 169-218
37 Ko, S.C., Lee, D.B., Shin, Y.H. and Tae, K.H. 2006. Aricaema thunbergii subsp. geomundoense S.C. Ko (Araceae), a new subspecies from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 36(3): 209-216.
38 Lee, W.Y, Lee, Y.M. and Kim, Y.S. 1996. Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants - Guidelines for Conservation and Target species. Korea Forest Research Institute, Korea Forest Service. Seoul (in Korean).
39 Lee, Y.N. 1998. New taxa on Korean flora (6). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28(1): 25-39.
40 Kim, H., Choi, B.H., Chang, C.S. and Chang, K.S. 2007. Reexamination on foreign collectors' sites and exploration routes in Korea (III) - with respect to T. Uchiyama. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 37(2): 203-215 (in Korean).
41 Kim, H., Chang, K.S. and Chang, C.S. 2010. E. H. Wilson's Expedition to Korea from 1917 to 1919: Resolving Place Names of His Collections. Journal of Japanese Botany 85: 99-117.
42 Kwon, D.H., Kwon, H.J., Kim, S.H., Kim, S.T., Kim, Y.H., Kim, Y.H., Kim, C.B., Kim, T.W., Nam, E.J., Park, K.H., Park, S.J., Park, J.H., Bae, E.H., Byeon, H.W., Seo, S.J., Seo, I.S., Ahn, N.H., Ahn, C.B., Won, J.H., Eun, Y., Lee, K.J., Lee, S.J., Lee, J.S., Lee, J.S., Lim, J.W., Jang, C.Y., Jeon, M.J., Jeong, E.H., Jo, G.Y., Choi, S.H., Choi, W.Y., Ham, S.A., Heo, E.Y., Heo, J.M., Hong, Y., Hwang, J.M. 2011. Endemic Species of Korea. National Institute of Biological Resources. Incheon (in Korean).
43 Kruckeberg, A.R. and Rabinowitz, D. 1985. Biological aspects of endemism in hight plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 447-479.   DOI
44 Lee, A.K., Yuan, T., Choi, Suh, J.K., D.S., Choi, I.Y., Roh, M., Joung, Y.H., Ko, J.Y. and Lee, J.S. 2010. Pulsatilla tongkangensis, a Natural Hybrid Swarm Population Hybridized with P. koreana Based on RAPD and SNPs of Chloroplast DNA. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 51(5): 409-421.
45 Lee, B.Y. and Ko, S.C. 2009. Sium ternifolium (Apiaceae), a new species from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 39(3): 130-134.
46 Lee, W.T. and Im, H.T. 2007. Saussurea grandicapitula W. Lee et H. T. Im (Compositae), a new species from the Taebaek mountains, Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 37(4): 387-393.
47 Chung, J.M. 2012. The distribution pattern and species biology of genus Lycoris, endemic five taxa in Korea. Korea Forest Society Academic Conference 2012. pp. 1110-1111 (in Korean).
48 Chen, J.L., Lin, Q., Friis, I., Wilmot-Dear, C.M. and Monro, A.K. 2003. Urticaceae. pp. 76-189 In Z.Y. Wu, P.H. Raven, D.Y. Hong eds. Flora of China (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae) Vol. 5. Science Press. Beijing. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis (The English edition of Flora of China).
49 Chen X. and Noguchi, J. 2000. Hemerocallis. pp. 161-165. In Z.Y. Wu, P.H. Raven, D.Y. Hong eds. Flora of China. (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis (The English edition of Flora of China).
50 Cho, W.B. and Choi, B.H. 2011. Taxonomic position of Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurusawa, an endemic plant of Mt. Halla. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 41(2): 130-137 (in Korean).
51 Chung, Y.H. 1986. The Story of Korean Botany Taxonomy. Academy Books. Seoul. pp. 75-76 (in Korean).
52 Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act. 2011. http://www.law.go.kr/DRF/MDRFLawService.jsp?OC=foalaw&ID=9201.
53 Fuse, S., Lee, N.S. and Tamura, M.N. 2004. Biosystematic studies on the genus Heloniopsis (Melanthiaceae) H. Two new species from Korea based on morphological and molecular evidence. Taxon 53(4): 949-958.   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Hyun, J.O., Lim, Y.S. and Shin, H.C. 2003. Validation of Orobanche filicicola (Orobanchaceae) from Korea. Novon 13(1): 64-67.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 IUCN. 2005. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. p. 52.
56 Jang, G.J., Paik, W.K. and Lee, W.C. 1995. Pimpinella brachycarpa var. hallaisanensis (Apiaceae): a new variety from Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 25(1): 7-12 (in Korean).
57 Kim, H., Chang, G.S., Chang, C.S. and Choi, B.H. 2006. Reexamination on foreign collectors' sites and exploration routes in Korea (II) - with respect to T. Nakai. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 36(3): 227-255 (in Korean).
58 Jang, G.J., Paik, W.K. and Lee, W.C. 1999. Taxonomy of the genus Pimpinella (Umbelliferae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 29(2): 151-167 (in Korean).
59 Jones, S.B. and Luchsinger, A.E. 1986. Plant Systematics. McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
60 Kato, M. and Ebihara, A. eds. 2011. A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No. 11 Endemic Plnats of Japan. Tokyo University Press. Tokyo (in Japanese).
61 Chang, C.S. and Chang, G.S. 2003. Reexamination on V. L. Komarov's collection sites in North Korea - mainly based on Flora Manshuriae. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 33(2): 203-218 (in Korean).
62 Chang, C.S. and Kim, H. 2002. Overlooked and invalidly published names of Korean woody plants. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 32(3): 363-371 (in Korean).
63 Chang, C.S. and Choi, B.H. 2004. Reexamination on V. L. Komarov's collection sites in North Korea (II) - mainly based on Nakai's Flora Koreana Vol. II. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 34(2): 37-41 (in Korean).
64 Chang, C.S., Choi, B.H., Kim, H. and Lee, J.Y. 2004. Reexamination on foreign collectors' sites and exploration routes in Korea - with respect to U. Faurie. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 34(2): 87-96 (in Korean).
65 Chang, C.S. and Chang, K.S. 2010. Reexamination of foreign collector's sites and exploration routes in Korea (IV) - with respect to T. Ishidoya. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 40(2): 90-104 (in Korean).
66 Chang, K.S., Lee, H.S. and Chang, C.S. 2009. The importance of using correct names in taxonomy - A case study of "The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea" and other recent published literature in Korea. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 98(5): 524-530.
67 Chang, C.S., Kim, H. and Chang, K.S. 2011. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 43. Woody Plants. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Design Post, Pajoo (in Korean).
68 Cheeseman, T.F. 1896. On some plants new to the New Zealand Flora. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington 29: 391-393.