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A Numerical Study for Fire Safety Evaluation of the Multi-story Residential Buildings -The Effects of the Openings of Stairwell on Fire Characteristics-  

Jeon, Heung-Kyun (대구보건대학 소방안전관리과)
Choi, Young-Sang (대구보건대학 소방안전관리과)
Choo, Hong-Lok (대구보건대학 소방안전관리과)
Publication Information
Fire Science and Engineering / v.21, no.3, 2007 , pp. 15-23 More about this Journal
Abstract
In the events of a fire in the residential building, highly flammable polyurethane foam sofa produce toxic smokes. In this type of fire, the residents of the building can be gotten into the difficulties of evacuating from the fire places or may be to death due to a lot of hot toxic gases. In this study, CFD simulations were carried out to study the effects of the openings of stairwell on the fire characteristics of fire room and stairwell. Also, analysis of fire hazard based on the tenability limits of fire and FED(fractional effective dose) was performed to evaluate the life safety of the residents of the building. In the fire room, maximum temperature was about $290^{\circ}C$, maximum CO concentration was about 4,740 ppm, and the time to incapacitation of residents in fire room was about t=144 s. In the stairwell, temperature and CO concentration in the condition of openings to be open were even lower than those in it to be closed. Time to the tenability limit with respect to smoke visibility in the stairwell with openings, which was open, was shorter than that of it without openings to be open. It has been shown from this study that opening the stairwell openings is able to decrease the fire hazards to the life safety in the multi-story residential building fire.
Keywords
Residential building; CFD simulations; Tenability limits; FED; Life safety;
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