Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2018.4.4.439

Analysis of Changes in Plantar Pressure While Walking in 4 Positions to Carry a Bag using the F-scan System  

Lee, Jun-cheol (Dept. of physical Therapy, Kyungnam College of Information & Technology)
Publication Information
The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology / v.4, no.4, 2018 , pp. 439-448 More about this Journal
Abstract
With the aim of examining changes in plantar pressure while walking depending on the position of carrying a bag, this study measured the plantar pressure of 33 normal male and female adults using the F-scan System in four different positions to carry a bag: walking without carrying a bag; walking with carrying a bag on both shoulders; walking with carrying a bag on one shoulder; and walking with carrying a bag in one hand. Changes in the plantar pressure of the subjects obtained in this study and the asymmetry of the left and right feet were analyzed. The plantar pressure of the different areas of the feet in the four different positions to carry a bag was compared. The left foot, except its toes and metatarsus, showed a statistically significant difference among the five conditions, and the right foot, except its 4th and 5th caput metatarsalis, also showed a statistically significant difference (P>.05). Given the results of this study, this experiment to examine changes in plantar pressure does not seem to be enough to identify which position to carry a bag, except carrying a bag on both shoulders, would have the lowest negative impact on the feet. It will be necessary to conduct a follow-up study on changes in plantar pressure depending on the position of carrying a bag and methods that can effectively treat abnormal positions such as scoliosis and kyphosis using asymmetric loads.
Keywords
Planter pressure; Walking; Bag using; F-scan system;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kobayashi N, Warabi T, Kato M, Kiriyama K, Yoshida T, Chiba S. Posterior-anterior body weight shift during stance perios studied by measuring sole-floor reaction forces during healthy and hemiplegic human walking. Neuroscience Letter. Vol. 399, 141-146. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.01.042   DOI
2 Resch S, Apelqvist J, Stenstrӧm A, Astrom I. Dynamic plantar pressur measurement in 49 patient with diabeticneuropathy-103-with or without foot ulcers. Foot & Ankle Surgery. Vol. 3, 165-174. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1268-7731(97)80015-x   DOI
3 Park SJ. The analysis the changes of foot pressure by various carrying a pack methods during walking. Daegu university, Mater's thesis. 2009.
4 Macias BR, Murthy G, Chambers H, Hargens AR. Asymmetric loads and pain associated with backpack carrying by children. J Pediatr Othop, Vol. 28, No.5, pp. 512-517, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e31817d8143 crossref(new window)   DOI
5 Holewijn M. Physiological strain due to load carrying. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 61, pp.237-245, 1990. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357606 crossref(new window)   DOI
6 Defrin B, Benyanmin SB, Dov Aldubi R. Conservative correction of leg-length discrepancies of 10mm or less for the relief of chronic low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Vol. 86, No. 11, 2075-2080. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.012   DOI
7 Cottalorda J, Rahmani A, Diop M, Gautheron V, Ebermeyer E. Influence of school bag carrying on gait kinetics. J Pediatr Orthop B. Vol. 12, No. 6, 357-364. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1097/01202412-200311000-00001   DOI
8 Crowe A, Samson MM. 3-Danalysis ofgait: The effects upon symmetry of carrying a load in one hand. Human Movement Science. Vol. 16, 357-365. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9457(96)00061-9   DOI
9 Negrini, A, Negrini, S. Postural effects of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads on the spines of school children. Scoliosis. Vol. 2, No. 8, 1-7, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-2-8   DOI
10 Chansirinukor W, Wilson D, Grimmer K, Dansie B. Effects of backpacks on students: measurement of cervical and shoulder posture. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. Vol. 47, No. 2, 110-116. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1443-8461(01)80019-8
11 Neumann, DA. Kinesiology of musculoskeletal system; Foundations for rehabilitation, 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mosby/Elsevier. 2010
12 Moon SU. Whole body kinesiology mechanism, General coordinative manipulation. Daehakseolim Ltd. 2003.
13 Ahn, JS. The effects of asymmetric load of shoulder bag on trunk and pelvis movement patterns of normal adult during gait. The Graduate School of Health and Environment. Yonsei university, Master's thesis, 2006.
14 Lee GC, Kim JH, Beak SK, Oh KT, Yoon SH et al. Effects of cross bag and shoulder bag on foot pressure. Journal of Korean Society of Health Sciences. Vol. 8, No. 1. 23-34. 2011.
15 Kim SK, Lee BH. Biomechanical analysis of gait cycle in the obese children. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 199-205. 2013.
16 Kim MH. Changes in neck muscle electromyography and forward head posture during carrying of various schoolbags by children. Yonsei university, Master's thesis. 2006.
17 Kim, CK, Shin, DM. Kinematic analysis of book bag weight on gait cycle and posture of youth. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.3, 175-185, 1995.
18 Woo, DP. An Analysis of gait characteristics and physiological loads on carrying tasks. Donga university, Doctor's thesis, 2001.
19 Knapik J, Harman E, Reynolds K. Load carriage using packs: A review of physiological, biomechanical and medical aspects. Applied Ergonomics. Vol. 27, No. 3, 207-216. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(96)00013-0   DOI
20 Weir E. Avoiding the back-to-school backahe. CMAJ, Vol. 167, No. 6, 669.-710. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199409020-00003
21 Oh CH, Choi SN. Effects of the length of schoolbag string on gait postrue. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies. Vol. 30, No. - , 619-629, 2007.
22 Matsuo T, Hashimoto, M, Koyanagi, M, Hashizume, K. Asymmetric load-carrying in young and elderly women: Relationship with lower limb coordination. Gait & Posture, Vol. 28, No. 3, 517-520, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost2008.02.001   DOI
23 Kim K, Park YH, Bae SS. Intermachine Validity and Reliability of The F - mat and F - scan. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy. Vol. 12, No. 2,. 29-37. 2000.
24 Yoon MJ. Effects of metatarsal pad is walking, impact on the maximum pressure front of the ankle. Kyeongki university, Master's thesis. 2007.
25 Han TR, Paik NJ, Im MS. Quatificaton ofthe path of center of pressure(COP) using an F-can in-shoe transducer. Gait & Posture. Vol. 10, 248-254. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)80601-1   DOI
26 Hessert MJ, Vyas M, Leach J, Hu K, Lipsitz LA, Novak V. Foot pressure distribution during walking in young and old adults. BMC Geriatrics. Vol. 5, No. 8, 1-8, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-5-8   DOI
27 Lee CY. Clinical correlation of the motor symptoms with parkinson's disease and foot scan. Korea university, Master's thesis. 2006.
28 Kim, JH. Effects of virtual reality program on balance, gait and brain activation patterns in stroke patients. Graduate School of Daegu University, Doctor's thesis, 2005.
29 Yang DC, Janf SH, Choi GS, Kim CS, Park SJ. Comparison of peak plantar pressure between bare foot and in-shoe in diabetic patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. Vol. 27, No. 4, 600-604. 2003.
30 Park US, Park CI, Kim JU, Park KW, Kim UJ. Foot pressure distribution and path of center of pressure(COP) of foot during ambulation in the children with spastic cerebral palsy. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. Vol. 26, No. 2, 127-132. 2002.
31 Park, CI, Bae HS, Ko YH, Kim YH, Park JW, Lee JW. The characteristics of foot pressure in children with mild spastic diplegic cerebral palsy related to medial arch formation. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. Vol. 27, No. 1, 33-37. 2003.
32 Mueller MJ, Strube MJ. General izability of in-sole peak pressure measures using the F-scan system. Clinical Biomechanics. Vol. 11, No. 3, 159-164. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(95)00047-x   DOI
33 Randolph A, Nelson M, Akkapeddi S, Levin A. Reliability of measurements of pressures applied on the foot during walking by a computerized insole sensor system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Vol. 81, 573-578. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90037-6   DOI
34 Lee, TJ. The comparative analysis of the foot pressure by various carrying a pack methods during walking. Kyungsung university, Mater's thesis. 2010.
35 Moon HW, Park SI, Na UW, Lee IY, Lim SY, Kim JH. Foot pressure measurement using F-scan system in normal Korean adults F-scan system. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. Vol. 19, No. 2, 289-295. 1995.
36 Kim TH, Kim BG. The change of plantar pressure and range of motion of ankle joint according to treadmill gradients. Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Therapy. Vol. 14 No. 1. 39-47. 2008.