Browse > Article

Risk Governance Models Seen from the STS Perspectives: Risk Analysis Framework and the Precautionary Principles  

Hyun, Jaehwan (서울대학교 과학사 및 과학철학 협동과정)
Hong, Sungook (서울대학교 생명과학부)
Publication Information
Journal of Science and Technology Studies / v.15, no.1, 2015 , pp. 281-325 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, we continue our previous study on the differences, similarities and interfaces between the various models of scientific governance discussed in STS and those in risk governance developed by risk studies. In the previous paper we illuminated that theoretical differences among STS scholars on scientific governance and public participation goes back to the 1970s and 1980s, during which they first laid down the conceptual basis of STS. In this paper we investigate how these divergent positions among STS scholars influenced their evaluations of precautionary principle and the framework of risk analysis (especially the separation between risk assessment and risk management), which are the two main paradigms in the area of risk regulation. By doing that, this paper will show divergent positions of STS scholars on risk analysis and precautionary principle. Further, we will suggest some theoretical and practical interfaces between STS and risk governance models.
Keywords
Governance; Public participation; Precautionary principle; Risk analysis; Risk assessment/Risk management; Scientific uncertainty;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Collins, H. (2015), "Elective Modernism," (http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/contactsandpeople/harrycollins/expertise-project/elective%20modernism%204.doc) 2015.5.10. 접속.
2 Collins, H. and R. Evans (2002), "The Third Wave of Science Studies: Studies of Expertise and Experience", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 32, pp.235-296.   DOI
3 Collins, H. and R. Evans, (2008), Rethinking Expertise, University of Chicago Press.
4 Collins, H., M. Weinel, and R. Evans (2010), "The Politics and Policy of the Third Wave: New Technologies and Society", Critical Policy Studies Vol. 4, pp. 185-201.   DOI
5 Commoner, B. (1971), The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology, Random House.
6 Cooke, R. (2009), "A Brief History of Quantitative Risk Assessment", Resources, Vol. 172, pp. 8-9.
7 de Marchi, B. and J. Ravetz (1999), "Risk Management and Governance: a Post-normal Science Approach", Futures Vol. 31, pp. 743-757.   DOI
8 de Sadeleer, N. (2000), "The Enforcement of the Precautionary Principle by German, French, and Belgian Courts", Review of European Community and International Environment Law, Vol. 9, pp. 144-151.   DOI
9 DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions) (2000), Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management: Raised Developmental Guidance.
10 Douma, W. (2000), "The Precautionary Principle in the Netherlands", in T. O'Riordan, A. Jordan, and J. Cameron eds., Reinterpreting the Precautionary Principle, pp. 163-182, Cameron and May.
11 Dratwa, J. (2002), "Taking Risks with the Precautionary Principle: Food (and the Environment) for Thought at the European Commission", Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, Vol. 4, pp. 197-213.   DOI
12 EEA (European Environment Agency) (2001), Late Lesson from Early Warnings: The Precautionary Principle, 1898-2000, European Environment Agency.
13 ESRC-GECP (Global Environmental Change Programme) (1999), The Politics of GM Food: Risk, Science and Public Trust, Economic and Social Research Council.
14 Evans, R. and A. Flows (2007),"Listening without Prejudice? Re-Discovering the Value of the Disinterested Citizen Author(s)", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 37, pp. 827-853.   DOI
15 Funtowicz, S. O. and J. R. Ravetz (1992), "Three Types of Risk Assessment and the Emergence of Post-normal Science", in S. Krimsky and D. Golding eds., Social Theories of Risk, pp. 251-274, Praeger.
16 Funtowicz, S. O. and R. Strand (2007), "Models of Science and Policy", in T. Traavik, and L.C. Lim eds., Biosafety First: Holistic Approaches to Risk and Uncertainty in Genetic Engineering and Genetically Modified Organisms, pp. 263-278, Tapir Academic Publishers.
17 Funtowicz, S., I. Shepherd, D. Wilkinson, and J. Ravetz (2000), "Science and Governance in the European Union: A Contribution to the Debate", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 27, pp. 327-336.   DOI
18 Hayden, C. (2003), When Nature Goes Public: The Making and Unmaking of Bioprospecting in Mexico, Princeton University Press.
19 Hajer, M. A. (1995), The Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process, Clarendon Press.
20 Hoffman, K. (2013), "Unheeded Science: Taking Precaution out of Toxic Water Pollutants Policy", Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 38, pp. 829-850.   DOI
21 Hoffmann-Riem, H. and B. Wynne (2002), "In Risk Assessment, One Has to Admit Ignorance", Nature, Vol. 416, p. 123.
22 IRCG (2010), Risk Governance: Towards An Integrative Approach, The International Risk Governance Council.
23 ISIS (2000), "World Science Statement," (http://www.i-sis.org.uk/list.php) 2015.5.10. 접속.
24 Jasanoff, S. (1986), Risk Management and Political Culture: A Comparative Study of Science in the Policy Context, Russell Sage Foundation.
25 Jasanoff, S., (1987), "Contested Boundaries in Policy-Relevant Science", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 17, pp. 195-230.   DOI
26 Jasanoff, S., (1992), "Science, Politics, and the Renegotiation of Expertise at EPA", Osiris, Vol. 7, pp. 194-217.   DOI
27 Jasanoff, S., (1993), "Bridging the Two Cultures of Risk Analysis", Risk Analysis, Vol. 13, pp. 123-129.   DOI
28 Jasanoff, S., (1995), "Procedural Choices in Regulatory Science", Technology in Society, Vol. 17, pp. 279-293.   DOI
29 Jasanoff, S., (1996), Risk, Precaution, and Environmental Values, Carnegie Coucil on Ethics and International Affairs.
30 Jasanoff, S., (1998), "The Political Science of Risk Perception", Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 59, pp. 91-99.   DOI
31 Latour, B., (1999), Pandroa's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, Harvard University Press.
32 O'Riodan, T., A. Jordan, and J. Cameron (2000), "The Evolution of The Precautionary Principle", in T. O'Riodan, J. Cameron, and A. Jordan eds., Reinterpreting the Precautionary Principle, pp. 9-34, Cameron and May.
33 Lammerding, A. (1996), "Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment: Principles and Practice", Proceedings, Xth International Conference on Food Safety, ASEPT, Laval.
34 Latour, B. (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Harvard University Press.
35 Latour, B., (2002), "Morality and Technology: The End of the Means", Theory, Culture, & Society, Vol. 19, pp. 247-260.   DOI
36 Latour, B., (2004), Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, Harvard University Press.
37 Latour, B., (2007), ""It's Development, Stupid !" or: How to Moderniz e Modernization", (http://www.bruno-latour.fr/node/153) 2015.4.22. 접속.
38 Latour, B., (2012), "Love Your Monsters", Breakthrough Journal, Feb 14
39 Lujan, J.L. and O. Todt (2012), "Precaution: A Taxonomy", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 42, pp. 143-157.   DOI
40 Magnus, David (2008), "Risk Management versus the Precautionary Principle: Agnotology as a Strategy in the Debate over Genetically Engineered Organisms", in R. Protcter and L. Schiebinger eds., Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance, pp. 250-265, Stanford University Press.
41 Meadows, D. H., D. L. Meadows, and J. Randers (1972), The Limits of Growth, Universe Books.
42 Ravetz, J. (2004), "The Post-Normal Science of Precaution", Futures, Vol. 36, pp. 347-357.   DOI
43 National Research Council, (1983), Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, National Academy Press.
44 National Research Council, (1994), Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment, National Academy Press.
45 National Research Council, (1996), Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society, National Academy Press.
46 Ravetz, J. (2005), The No-Nonsense Guide to Science, Verso.
47 Ravetz, J. (2007), "Post-Normal Science and the Complexity of Transitions Towards Sustainability", Ecological Complexity, Vol. 3, pp. 275-284.
48 Renn, O. (2007), "Nanotechnology and Risk Governance: The IRGC Model", (International Workshop, Vienna, Sep 25)
49 Renn, O., (2008), Risk Governance: Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World, Earthscan.
50 Sadin, P. (1999), "Dimensions of the Precautionary Principle", Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, Vol. 5, pp. 889-907.   DOI
51 Stirling, A. (1999), "Risk a Turning Point?", Journal of Environmental Medicine Vol. 1, pp. 119-126.   DOI
52 Stirling, A., (2006), "Uncertainty, Precautioned Sustainability: Towards More Reflective Governance of Technology", in J. P. Voss, D. Bauknecht, and R. Kemp eds., Reflexive Governance for Sustainable Development, pp. 225-272, Edward Elgar.
53 Stirling, A., (2007), "Risk, Precaution and Science: Towards a More Constructive Policy Debate", EMBO Reports, Vol. 8, pp. 309-315.   DOI
54 Wynne, B., (1999), "Bitter Fruits: The Issues of GM Crops is Too Important to Leave to Science Alone, Argues Brian Wynne", The Guardian Sep 16.
55 Stirling, A., (2010), "Keep It Complex", Nature, Vol. 468, pp. 1029-1031.   DOI
56 Sunstein, C. (2005), Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle, Cambridge University Press.
57 Wynne, B. (1992), "Uncertainty and Environmental Learning: Reconceiving Science and Policy in the Preventive Program", Global Environmental Change, Vol. 2, pp. 111-127.   DOI
58 Wynne, B., (2001), "Managing and Communicating Scientific Uncertainty in Public Policy", (Harvard University Conference on Biotechnology and Global Governance: Crisis and Opportunity, Kennedy School of government, Apr 26-28)
59 Waterton, C. and B. Wynne (2004), "Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency", in S. Jasanoff ed., States of Knowledge: The Co-production of Science and Social Order, pp. 87-108, Routledge.
60 Weinberg, A. (1972), "Science and Trans-Science", Minerva, Vol. 10, pp. 209-222.   DOI
61 현재환.홍성욱 (2012), 시민참여를 통한 과학기술 거버넌스: STS의 '참여적 전환' 내의 다양한 입장에 대한 역사적 인식론, 과학기술학연구 12권 3호, pp. 33-79.
62 고철환 (2008), 생태적 근대화, 지속가능발전, 그리고 우리나라에서의 함의, 인간.환경.미래 1호, pp. 123-155.
63 김은성 편 (2009), 불확실성에 대응하는 위험 거버넌스, 법문사.
64 유현석 (2006), 글로벌 거버넌스: 개념적 논의, 국정관리연구, 1권 1호, pp. 103-125.
65 해리 콜린스.트레버 핀치 저, 김명진.이정호 역 (2009), 닥터 골렘: 두 얼굴의 현대 의학 어떻게 볼 것인가?, 사이언스북스.
66 하대청 (2010), 사전주의의 원칙은 비과학적인가?: 위험분석과의 논쟁을 통해 본 사전주의 원칙의 합리성, 과학기술학연구 10권 2호, pp. 143-174.
67 Aven, T. and O. Renn (2010), Risk Management and Governance: Concepts, Guidelines, and Applications, Springer.
68 Blok, A. and T. E. Jensen (2011), Bruno Latour: Hybrid Thoughts in a Hybrid World, Routledge.
69 Boutillon, S (2002), "The Precautionary Principle: Development of An International Standard", Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 429, pp. 429-469.
70 Brown, P. (1987), "Popular Epidemiology: Community Response to Toxic Waste-Induced Disease in Woburn, Massachusetts", Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol. 12, pp. 78-85.
71 Callon, M., P. Lascoumes, and Y. Barthe (2009), Acting in an Uncertain World: An Essay on Technical Democracy, The MIT Press.
72 Carson, R. (1962), Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin.
73 Carlisle, R. P. (1997), "Probabilistic Risk Assessment in Nuclear Reactors: Engineering Success, Public Relations Failure", Technology and Culture, Vol. 38, pp. 920-941.   DOI