Browse > Article

3D Mesh Model Watermarking Based on POCS  

Lee Suk-Hwan (경북대학교 대학원 전자공학과)
Kwon Ki-Ryong (부산대학교 컴퓨터전자공학부)
Lee Kuhn-Il (경북대학교 대학원 전자공학과)
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed the 3D mesh watermarking using projection onto convex sets (POCS). 3D mesh is projected iteratively onto two constraint convex sets until it satisfy the convergence condition. These sets consist of the robustness set and the invisibility set that designed to embed watermark Watermark is extracted without original mesh by using the decision values and the index that watermark is embedded. Experimental results verified that the watermarked mesh have the robustness against mesh simplification, cropping, affine transformation, and vertex randomization as well as the invisibility.
Keywords
Mesh watermarking; POCS; Robust constraint set; Invisible constraint set;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Y. Yang, N. P. Galatsanos, A. K. Katsaggelos, 'Regularized Reconstruction to Reduce Blocking Artifacts of Block Discrete Cosine Transform Compressed Images,' IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech., vol. 3, no. 6, Dec. 1993
2 S. Kanai, H. Date, and T. Kishinami, 'Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition,' Proc. Sixth IFIP WG 5.2 GE0-6, pp. 296-307, Dec. 1998
3 E. Praun, H. Hoppe, A. Finkelstein, 'Robust Mesh Watermarkmg,' Proc. SIGGRAPH 99, pp. 49-56, 1999
4 S. Lee, T. Kim, B. Kim, S. Kwon, K. Kwon, and K. Lee, '3D Polygonal Meshes Watermarking Using Normal Vector Distributions,' IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, Vol. III. pp. 105-108. July, 2003
5 Z. Sun, A. M. TekalP, N. Navab, and V Ramesh, 'Interactive Optimization of 3D Shape and 2D Corresponding Using Multiple Geometric Constraints via POCS,' IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24, no. 4, April 2002
6 B-L. Yeo and M. M. Yeung, 'Water-marking 3D Objects for Verification,' IEEE CG&G, pp. 36-45, Jan./Feb. 1999
7 Y. Yang, and N. P. Galatsanos, 'Pro-jection-Based Spatially Adapdve Recon-struction of Block-Transform Compressed Images,' IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol. 4, no. 7, July 1995
8 R. Ohbuchi, S. Takahashi, T. Miyazawa, and A. Mukaiyama, 'Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain,' Proc. Graphics Interface 2001, pp. 9-17, 2001
9 H. S. Song, N. I. Cho, and J. W. Kim, 'Robust Watermarking of 3D Mesh Models,' Multimedia Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE Workshop, pp 2002
10 T. Kanai, MeshToSS Version 1.0.1, http://graphics.sfc.keio.ac.jP/MeshToSS/indexE. html
11 M. G. Wagner, 'Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes,' Proc. Geometric Modeling & Processing 2000, pp. 201-208, Apr. 2000
12 L. Zhang, R. Tong, F. Su, and J. Dong, 'A mesh watermarking approach for appearance attributes,' Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002. Proceedings. l0th Pacific Conference, pp. 450-451, Oct. 2002
13 K. Kwon, S. Kwon, S. Lee, T. Kim, and K. Lee, 'Watermarking for 3D Polygonal Meshes Using Normal Vector Distri- butions of Each Patch,' IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Sep, 2003
14 O. Benedens, 'Geometry-Based Water-marking of 3D Models,' IEEE CG&A, pp. 46-55, Jan./Feb. 1999
15 O. Benedens, 'Two high capacity methods for embeddmg public water- marks into 3D polygonal models,' SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, pp.329-340, 1999
16 R. Ohbuchi, H. Masuda, and M. Aono, 'Watermarking Three-Dimensional Poly- gonal Models Through Geometric and Topological Modification,' IEEE JSAC, pp. 551-560, 1998