Effects on Normal Force and Input Voltage Variation in the Resonance Characteristics of an Ultrasonic Motor

In an ultrasonic motor, a piezoelectric ceramic material forms the active element which vibrates the stator, thus initiating the rotational motion. In the operation of ultrasonic motors, many factors exist that can affect the resonance characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic component. For examples, these factors are the bonding conditions with the piezoelectric element, the magnitude of the input voltage, the normal force in the frictional drive and the emission of heat due to vibration and friction etc. Therefore, it is important to research properly the inclination for variation of piezoelectric ceramics in the circumstance where complex elements are involved. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of the resonance characteristics of an ultrasonic motor as a function of the magnitude of the input voltage and the normal force.