Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.11.210

Characterization and function of human Ly-6/uPAR molecules  

Kong, Hyun Kyung (Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University)
Park, Jong Hoon (Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University)
Publication Information
BMB Reports / v.45, no.11, 2012 , pp. 595-603 More about this Journal
Abstract
Human Ly-6/uPAR molecules are a superfamily composed of two subfamilies; one is the membrane bound proteins with a GPI-anchor and the other are secreted proteins without the GPI-anchor. Ly-6/uPAR molecules have remarkable amino acid homology through a distinctive 8-10 cysteine-rich domain that is associated predominantly with O-linked glycans. These molecules are encoded by multiple tightly linked genes located on Chr. 8q23, and have a conserved genomic organization. Ly-6/uPAR molecules have an interesting expression pattern during hematopoiesis and on specific tumors indicating that Ly-6/uPAR molecules are associated with development of the immune system and carcinogenesis. Thus, Ly-6/uPAR molecules are useful antigens for diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes our understanding of human Ly-6/uPAR molecules with regard to molecular structure as well as what is known about their function in normal and malignant tissues and suggest Ly-6/uPAR molecules as target antigens for cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords
Cancer metastasis; Cancer therapy; Gene family; Hematopoiesis; Immune system; Tumorigenesis;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Zhang, Y., Lang, Q., Li, J., Xie, F., Wan, B. and Yu, L. (2010) Identification and characterization of human LYPD6, a new member of the Ly-6 superfamily. Mol. Biol. Rep. 37, 2055-2062.   DOI
2 Ni, J., Lang, Q., Bai, M., Zhong, C., Chen, X., Wan, B. and Yu, L. (2009) Cloning and characterization of a human LYPD7, a new member of the Ly-6 superfamily. Mol. Biol. Rep. 36, 697-703.   DOI
3 Reiter, R. E., Gu, Z., Watabe, T., Thomas, G., Szigeti, K., Davis, E., Wahl, M., Nisitani, S., Yamashiro, J., Le Beau, M. M., Loda, M. and Witte, O. N. (1998) Prostate stem cell antigen: a cell surface marker overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 1735-1740.   DOI
4 Argani, P., Rosty, C., Reiter, R. E., Wilentz, R. E., Murugesan, S. R., Leach, S. D., Ryu, B., Skinner, H. G., Goggins, M., Jaffee, E. M., Yeo, C. J., Cameron, J. L., Kern, S. E. and Hruban, R. H. (2001) Discovery of new markers of cancer through serial analysis of gene expression: prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 61, 4320-4324.
5 Amara, N., Palapattu, G. S., Schrage, M., Gu, Z., Thomas, G. V., Dorey, F., Said, J. and Reiter, R. E. (2001) Prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in human transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 61, 4660-4665.
6 Elsamman, E. M., Fukumori, T., Tanimoto, S., Nakanishi, R., Takahashi, M., Toida, K. and Kanayama, H. O. (2006) The expression of prostate stem cell antigen in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. BJU Int. 98, 668-673.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Sakamoto, H., Yoshimura, K., Saeki, N., Katai, H., Shimoda, T., Matsuno, Y., Saito, D., Sugimura, H., Tanioka, F., Kato, S., Matsukura, N., Matsuda, N., Nakamura, T., Hyodo, I., Nishina, T., Yasui, W., Hirose, H., Hayashi, M., Toshiro, E., Ohnami, S., Sekine, A., Sato, Y., Totsuka, H., Ando, M., Takemura, R., Takahashi, Y., Ohdaira, M., Aoki, K., Honmyo, I., Chiku, S., Aoyagi, K., Sasaki, H., Yanagihara, K., Yoon, K. A., Kook, M. C., Lee, Y. S., Park, S. R., Kim, C. G., Choi, I. J., Yoshida, T., Nakamura, Y. and Hirohashi, S. (2008) Genetic variation in PSCA is associated with susceptibility to diffuse-type gastric cancer. Nat. Genet. 40, 730-740.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Liu, W. K., Jiang, X. Y. and Zhang, Z. X. (2010) Expression of PSCA, PIWIL1, and TBX2 in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Onkologie 33, 241-245.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kawaguchi, T., Sho, M., Tojo, T., Yamato, I., Nomi, T., Hotta, K., Hamada, K., Suzaki, Y., Sugiura, S., Kushibe, K., Nakajima, Y. and Taniguchi, S. (2010) Clinical significance of prostate stem cell antigen expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 40, 319-326.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Liu, W. K., Jiang, X. Y. and Zhang, Z. X. (2010) Expression of PSCA, PIWIL1 and TBX2 and its correlation with HPV16 infection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Arch. Virol. 155, 657-663.   DOI
11 Hao, J. Y., Yang, Y. L., Li, S., Qian, X. L., Liu, F. F. and Fu, L. (2011) PSCA expression in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 40, 382-386.
12 Geiger, K. D., Hendruschk, S., Rieber, E. P., Morgenroth, A., Weigle, B., Juratli, T., Senner, V., Schackert, G. and Temme, A. (2011) The prostate stem cell antigen represents a novel glioma-associated antigen. Oncol Rep. 26, 13-21.
13 Bahrenberg, G., Brauers, A., Joost, H. G. and Jakse, G. (2000) Reduced expression of PSCA, a member of the LY-6 family of cell surface antigens, in bladder, esophagus, and stomach tumors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275, 783-788.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim, S. Y., Yoo, J. Y., Shin, A., Kim, Y., Lee, E. S. and Lee, Y. S. (2012) Prostate stem cell antigen single nucleotide polymorphisms influence risk of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer in Korean females. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13, 41-48.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Ono, H., Hiraoka, N., Lee, Y. S., Woo, S. M., Lee, W. J., Choi, I. J., Saito, A., Yanagihara, K., Kanai, Y., Ohnami, S., Chiwaki, F., Sasaki, H., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, T. and Saeki, N. (2012) Prostate stem cell antigen, a presumable organ-dependent tumor suppressor gene, is down-regulated in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 51, 30-41.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Wu, X., Ye, Y., Kiemeney, L. A., Sulem, P., Rafnar, T., Matullo, G., Seminara, D., Yoshida, T., Saeki, N., Andrew, A. S., Dinney, C. P., Czerniak, B., Zhang, Z. F., Kiltie, A. E., Bishop, D. T., Vineis, P., Porru, S., Buntinx, F., Kellen, E., Zeegers, M. P., Kumar, R., Rudnai, P., Gurzau, E., Koppova, K., Mayordomo, J. I., Sanchez, M., Saez, B., Lindblom, A., de Verdier, P., Steineck, G., Mills, G. B., Schned, A., Guarrera, S., Polidoro, S., Chang, S. C., Lin, J., Chang, D. W., Hale, K. S., Majewski, T., Grossman, H. B., Thorlacius, S., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Aben, K. K., Witjes, J. A., Stefansson, K., Amos, C. I., Karagas, M. R. and Gu, J. (2009) Genetic variation in the prostate stem cell antigen gene PSCA confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer. Nat. Genet. 41, 991-995.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Matsuo, K., Tajima, K., Suzuki, T., Kawase, T., Watanabe, M., Shitara, K., Misawa, K., Ito, S., Sawaki, A., Muro, K., Nakamura, T., Yamao, K., Yamamura, Y., Hamajima, N., Hiraki, A. and Tanaka, H. (2009) Association of prostate stem cell antigen gene polymorphisms with the risk of stomach cancer in Japanese. Int. J. Cancer 125, 1961-1964.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Saffran, D. C., Raitano, A. B., Hubert, R. S., Witte, O. N., Reiter, R. E. and Jakobovits, A. (2001) Anti-PSCA mAbs inhibit tumor growth and metastasis formation and prolong the survival of mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 2658-2663.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Moore, M. L., Teitell, M. A., Kim, Y., Watabe, T., Reiter, R. E., Witte, O. N. and Dubey, P. (2008) Deletion of PSCA increases metastasis of TRAMP-induced prostate tumors without altering primary tumor formation. Prostate 68, 139-151.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Feng, H. C., Tsao, S. W., Ngan, H. Y., Xue, W. C., Kwan, H. S., Siu, M. K., Liao, X. Y., Wong, E. and Cheung, A. N. (2008) Overexpression of prostate stem cell antigen is associated with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Histopathology 52, 167-174.
21 Marra, E., Uva, P., Viti, V., Simonelli, V., Dogliotti, E., De Rinaldis, E., Lahm, A., La Monica, N., Nicosia, A., Ciliberto, G. and Palombo, F. (2010) Growth delay of human bladder cancer cells by Prostate Stem Cell Antigen downregulation is associated with activation of immune signaling pathways. BMC Cancer 10, 129.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Shetty, J., Wolkowicz, M. J., Digilio, L. C., Klotz, K. L., Jayes, F. L., Diekman, A. B., Westbrook, V. A., Farris, E. M., Hao, Z., Coonrod, S. A., Flickinger, C. J. and Herr, J. C. (2003) SAMP14, a novel, acrosomal membrane-associated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor superfamily with a role in sperm-egg interaction. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 30506-30515.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Adermann, K., Wattler, F., Wattler, S., Heine, G., Meyer, M., Forssmann, W. G. and Nehls, M. (1999) Structural and phylogenetic characterization of human SLURP-1, the first secreted mammalian member of the Ly-6/uPAR protein superfamily. Protein. Sci. 8, 810-819.
24 Fischer, J., Bouadjar, B., Heilig, R., Huber, M., Lefevre, C., Jobard, F., Macari, F., Bakija-Konsuo, A., Ait-Belkacem, F., Weissenbach, J., Lathrop, M., Hohl, D. and Prud'homme, J. F. (2001) Mutations in the gene encoding SLURP-1 in Mal de Meleda. Hum. Mol. Genet 10, 875-880.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Tsuji, H., Okamoto, K., Matsuzaka, Y., Iizuka, H., Tamiya, G. and Inoko, H. (2003) SLURP-2, a novel member of the human Ly-6 superfamily that is up-regulated in psoriasis vulgaris. Genomics 81, 26-33.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Tjiu, J. W., Lin, P. J., Wu, W. H., Cheng, Y. P., Chiu, H. C., Thong, H. Y., Chiang, B. L., Yang, W. S. and Jee, S. H. (2011) SLURP1 mutation-impaired T-cell activation in a family with mal de Meleda. Br. J. Dermatol. 164, 47-53.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Arredondo, J., Chernyavsky, A. I., Webber, R. J. and Grando, S. A. (2005) Biological effects of SLURP-1 on human keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 125, 1236-1241.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Pettersson, A., Nordlander, S., Nylund, G., Khorram- Manesh, A., Nordgren, S. and Delbro, D. S. (2008) Expression of the endogenous, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand, SLURP-1, in human colon cancer. Auton Autacoid. Pharmacol. 28, 109-116.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Phan, T. C., Ooi, J. and Goonewardene, M. S. (2010) A novel molecule, SLURP-1, enhances the survival of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J. Periodontal. Res. 45, 331-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Arredondo, J., Chernyavsky, A. I., Jolkovsky, D. L., Webber, R. J. and Grando, S. A. (2006) SLURP-2: A novel cholinergic signaling peptide in human mucocutaneous epithelium. J. Cell. Physiol. 208, 238-245.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Moriwaki, Y., Yoshikawa, K., Fukuda, H., Fujii, Y. X., Misawa, H. and Kawashima, K. (2007) Immune system expression of SLURP-1 and SLURP-2, two endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Life Sci. 80, 2365-2368.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Anderson, D. J., Johnson, P. M., Alexander, N. J., Jones, W. R. and Griffin, P. D. (1987) Monoclonal antibodies to human trophoblast and sperm antigens: report of two WHO-sponsored workshops, June 30, 1986--Toronto, Canada. J. Reprod. Immunol. 10, 231-257.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Herr, J. C., Flickinger, C. J., Homyk, M., Klotz, K. and John, E. (1990) Biochemical and morphological characterization of the intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10 from human sperm. Biol. Reprod. 42, 181-193.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Schlechte, W., Murano, G. and Boyd, D. (1989) Examination of the role of the urokinase receptor in human colon cancer mediated laminin degradation. Cancer Res. 49, 6064-6069.
35 Kurth, B. E., Klotz, K., Flickinger, C. J. and Herr, J. C. (1991) Localization of sperm antigen SP-10 during the six stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in man. Biol. Reprod. 44, 814-821.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Vassalli, J. D., Baccino, D. and Belin, D. (1985) A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator, urokinase. J. Cell Biol. 100, 86-92.   DOI
37 Mondino, A., Resnati, M. and Blasi, F. (1999) Structure and function of the urokinase receptor. Thromb Haemost 82(Suppl 1), 19-22.
38 Del Vecchio, S., Stoppelli, M. P., Carriero, M. V., Fonti, R., Massa, O., Li, P. Y., Botti, G., Cerra, M., D'Aiuto, G., Esposito, G. and Salvatore, M. (1993) Human urokinase receptor concentration in malignant and benign breast tumors by in vitro quantitative autoradiography: comparison with urokinase levels. Cancer Res. 53, 3198-3206.
39 de Vries, T. J., Quax, P. H., Denijn, M., Verrijp, K. N., Verheijen, J. H., Verspaget, H. W., Weidle, U. H., Ruiter, D. J. and van Muijen, G. N. (1994) Plasminogen activators, their inhibitors, and urokinase receptor emerge in late stages of melanocytic tumor progression. Am. J. Pathol. 144, 70-81.
40 Mohanam, S., Sawaya, R. E., Yamamoto, M., Bruner, J. M., Nicholson, G. L. and Rao, J. S. (1994) Proteolysis and invasiveness of brain tumors: role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. J. Neurooncol. 22, 153-160.   DOI
41 Pedersen, H., Brunner, N., Francis, D., Osterlind, K., Ronne, E., Hansen, H. H., Dano, K. and Grondahl- Hansen, J. (1994) Prognostic impact of urokinase, urokinase receptor, and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in squamous and large cell lung cancer tissue. Cancer Res. 54, 4671-4675.
42 Sier, C. F., Stephens, R., Bizik, J., Mariani, A., Bassan, M., Pedersen, N., Frigerio, L., Ferrari, A., Dano, K., Brunner, N. and Blasi, F. (1998) The level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is increased in serum of ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Res. 58, 1843-1849.
43 Wagner, S. N., Atkinson, M. J., Thanner, S., Wagner, C., Schmitt, M., Wilhelm, O., Rotter, M. and Hofler, H. (1995) Modulation of urokinase and urokinase receptor gene expression in human renal cell carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 147, 183-192.
44 Morita, Y., Hayashi, Y., Wang, Y., Kanamaru, T., Suzuki, S., Kawasaki, K., Ohta, K., Yamamoto, M., Saitoh, Y., Itoh, H. and Doe, W. F. (1997) Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 25, 856-861.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Yonemura, Y., Nojima, N., Kawamura, T., Ajisaka, H., Taniguchi, K., Fujimura, T., Fujita, H., Bandou, E., Fushida, S., Endou, Y., Obata, T. and Sasaki, T. (1997) Correlation between expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Oncol. Rep. 4, 1229-1234.
46 Schmidt, M. and Hoppe, F. (1999) Increased levels of urokinase receptor in plasma of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Acta. Otolaryngol. 119, 949-953.   DOI
47 Nozaki, S., Endo, Y., Nakahara, H., Yoshizawa, K., Hashiba, Y., Kawashiri, S., Tanaka, A., Nakagawa, K., Matsuoka, Y., Kogo, M. and Yamamoto, E. (2005) Inhibition of invasion and metastasis in oral cancer by targeting urokinase- type plasminogen activator receptor. Oral Oncol. 41, 971-977.   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Wang, J., Guo, F., Wei, H., Dong, J. and Wu, J. (2006) Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is correlated with metastases of lingual squamous cell carcinoma. Br. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 44, 515-519.   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Ossowski, L. and Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A. (2000) Urokinase receptor and integrin partnership: coordination of signaling for cell adhesion, migration and growth. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12, 613-620.   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Hildenbrand, R., Niedergethmann, M., Marx, A., Belharazem, D., Allgayer, H., Schleger, C. and Strobel, P. (2009) Amplification of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene in ductal pancreatic carcinomas identifies a clinically high-risk group. Am. J. Pathol. 174, 2246-2253.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Nykjaer, A., Moller, B., Todd, R. F. 3rd, Christensen, T., Andreasen, P. A., Gliemann, J. and Petersen, C. M. (1994) Urokinase receptor. An activation antigen in human T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 152, 505-516.
52 Gyetko, M. R., Sitrin, R. G., Fuller, J. A., Todd, R. F. 3rd, Petty, H. and Standiford, T. J. (1995) Function of the urokinase receptor (CD87) in neutrophil chemotaxis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 58, 533-538.   DOI
53 Pedersen, N., Schmitt, M., Ronne, E., Nicoletti, M. I., Hoyer-Hansen, G., Conese, M., Giavazzi, R., Dano, K., Kuhn, W., Janicke, F. and Blasi F. (1993) A ligand-free, soluble urokinase receptor is present in the ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 2160-2167.   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Rigolin, G. M., Tieghi, A., Ciccone, M., Bragotti, L. Z., Cavazzini, F., Della Porta, M., Castagnari, B., Carroccia, R., Guerra, G., Cuneo, A. and Castoldi, G. (2003) Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as an independent factor predicting worse prognosis and extra-bone marrow involvement in multiple myeloma patients. Br. J. Haematol. 120, 953-959.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Nijziel, M. R., Van Oerle, R., Hellenbrand, D., Van Pampus, E. C., Hillen, H. F. and Hamulyak, K. (2003) The prognostic value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (s-uPAR) in plasma of breast cancer patients with and without metastatic disease. J. Thromb. Haemost. 1, 982-986.   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Gumley, T. P., McKenzie, I. F. and Sandrin, M. S. (1995) Tissue expression, structure and function of the murine Ly-6 family of molecules. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 73, 277-296.   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Saitou, N. and Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4, 406-425.
58 Whelan, S. and Goldman, N. (2001) A general empirical model of protein evolution derived from multiple protein families using a maximum-likelihood approach. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 691-699.   DOI   ScienceOn
59 McKenzie, I. F., Gardiner, J., Cherry, M. and Snell, G. D. (1977) Lymphocyte antigens: Ly-4, Ly-6, and Ly-7. Transplant Proc. 9, 667-669.
60 LeClair, K. P., Rabin, M., Nesbitt, M. N., Pravtcheva, D., Ruddle, F. H., Palfree, R. G. and Bothwell, A. (1987) Murine Ly-6 multigene family is located on chromosome 15. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1638-1642.   DOI
61 Li, S. H., Lee, R. K., Lin, M. H., Hwu, Y. M., Lu, C. H., Chen, Y. J., Chen, H. C., Chang, W. H. and Chang, W. C. (2006) SSLP-1, a secreted Ly-6 protein purified from mouse seminal vesicle fluid. Reproduction 132, 493-500.   DOI   ScienceOn
62 Havran, W. L., Lancki, D. W., Moldwin, R. L., Dialynas, D. P. and Fitch, F. W. (1988) Characterization of an anti- Ly-6 monoclonal antibody which defines and activates cytolytic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 140, 1034-1042.
63 Davies, A., Simmons, D. L., Hale, G., Harrison, R. A., Tighe, H., Lachmann, P. J. and Waldmann, H. (1989) CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 170, 637-654.   DOI
64 Treon, S. P., Shima, Y., Grossbard, M. L., Preffer, F. I., Belch, A. R., Pilarski, L. M. and Anderson, K. C. (2000) Treatment of multiple myeloma by antibody mediated immunotherapy and induction of myeloma selective antigens. Ann. Oncol. 11(Suppl 1), 107-111.   DOI
65 Fleming, T. J., O'HUigin, C. and Malek, T. R. (1993) Characterization of two novel Ly-6 genes. Protein sequence and potential structural similarity to alpha-bungarotoxin and other neurotoxins. J. Immunol. 150, 5379-5390.
66 Meri, S., Morgan, B. P., Davies, A., Daniels, R. H., Olavesen, M. G., Waldmann, H. and Lachmann, P. J. (1990) Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000-20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion of C9 into lipid bilayers. Immunology 71, 1-9.
67 Chang, C. P., Husler, T., Zhao, J., Wiedmer, T. and Sims, P. J. (1994) Identity of a peptide domain of human C9 that is bound by the cell-surface complement inhibitor, CD59. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 26424-26430.
68 Naderi, S., Hofmann, P., Seiter, S., Tilgen, W., Abken, H. and Reinhold, U. (1999) CD2-mediated CD59 stimulation in keratinocytes results in secretion of IL-1alpha, IL-6, and GM-CSF: implications for the interaction of keratinocytes with intraepidermal T lymphocytes. Int. J. Mol. Med. 3, 609-614.
69 Li, B., Chu, X., Gao, M. and Xu, Y. (2011) The effects of CD59 gene as a target gene on breast cancer cells. Cell Immunol. 272, 61-70.   DOI   ScienceOn
70 Temerinac, S., Klippel, S., Strunck, E., Roder, S., Lubbert, M., Lange, W., Azemar, M., Meinhardt, G., Schaefer, H. E. and Pahl, H. L. (2000) Cloning of PRV-1, a novel member of the uPAR receptor superfamily, which is overexpressed in polycythemia rubra vera. Blood 95, 2569-2576.
71 Sachs, U. J., Andrei-Selmer, C. L., Maniar, A., Weiss, T., Paddock, C., Orlova, V. V., Choi, E. Y., Newman, P. J., Preissner, K. T., Chavakis, T. and Santoso, S. (2007) The neutrophil-specific antigen CD177 is a counter-receptor for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31). J. Biol. Chem. 282, 23603-23612.   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Davies, B. S., Beigneux, A. P., Barnes, R. H. 2nd, Tu, Y., Gin, P., Weinstein, M. M., Nobumori, C., Nyren, R., Goldberg, I., Olivecrona, G., Bensadoun, A., Young, S. G. and Fong, L. G. (2010) GPIHBP1 is responsible for the entry of lipoprotein lipase into capillaries. Cell Metab. 12, 42-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
73 Dillon, M., Minear, J., Johnson, J. and Lannutti, B. J. (2008) Expression of the GPI-anchored receptor Prv-1 enhances thrombopoietin and IL-3-induced proliferation in hematopoietic cell lines. Leuk Res. 32, 811-819.   DOI   ScienceOn
74 Korkmaz, B., Kuhl, A., Bayat, B., Santoso, S. and Jenne, D. E. (2008) A hydrophobic patch on proteinase 3, the target of autoantibodies in Wegener granulomatosis, mediates membrane binding via NB1 receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 35976-35982.   DOI   ScienceOn
75 Beigneux, A. P., Davies, B. S., Gin, P., Weinstein, M. M., Farber, E., Qiao, X., Peale, F., Bunting, S., Walzem, R. L., Wong, J. S., Blaner, W. S., Ding, Z. M., Melford, K., Wongsiriroj, N., Shu, X., de Sauvage, F., Ryan, R. O., Fong, L. G., Bensadoun, A. and Young, S. G. (2007) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons. Cell Metab. 5, 279-291.   DOI   ScienceOn
76 Quak, J. J., Balm, A. J., van Dongen, G. A., Brakkee, J. G., Scheper, R. J., Snow, G. B. and Meijer, C. J. (1990) A 22-kd surface antigen detected by monoclonal antibody E 48 is exclusively expressed in stratified squamous and transitional epithelia. Am. J. Pathol. 136, 191-197.
77 Bartelink, H. and Keus, R. B. (1991) Progress in radiotherapy by treatment tailoring in head and neck cancer. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 3, 523-528.   DOI
78 Nieuwenhuis, E. J., Leemans, C. R., Kummer, J. A., Denkers, F., Snow, G. B. and Brakenhoff, R. H. (2003) Assessment and clinical significance of micrometastases in lymph nodes of head and neck cancer patients detected by E48 (Ly-6D) quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Lab. Invest. 83, 1233-1240.   DOI   ScienceOn
79 Noda, S., Kosugi, A., Saitoh, S., Narumiya, S. and Hamaoka, T. (1996) Protection from anti-TCR/CD3-induced apoptosis in immature thymocytes by a signal through thymic shared antigen-1/stem cell antigen-2. J. Exp. Med. 183, 2355-2360.   DOI   ScienceOn
80 Antica, M., Wu, L. and Scollay, R. (1997) Stem cell antigen 2 expression in adult and developing mice. Immunol. Lett. 55, 47-51.   DOI   ScienceOn
81 Saitoh, S., Kosugi, A., Noda, S., Yamamoto, N., Ogata, M., Minami, Y., Miyake, K. and Hamaoka, T. (1995) Modulation of TCR-mediated signaling pathway by thymic shared antigen-1 (TSA-1)/stem cell antigen-2 (Sca-2). J. Immunol. 155, 5574-5581.
82 Bresson-Mazet, C., Gandrillon, O. and Gonin-Giraud, S. (2008) Stem cell antigen 2: a new gene involved in the self-renewal of erythroid progenitors. Cell Prolif. 41, 726-738.   DOI   ScienceOn
83 Horie, M., Okutomi, K., Taniguchi, Y., Ohbuchi, Y., Suzuki, M. and Takahashi, E. (1998) Isolation and characterization of a new member of the human Ly6 gene family (LY6H). Genomics 53, 365-368.   DOI   ScienceOn
84 de Nooij-van Dalen, A. G., van Dongen, G. A., Smeets, S. J., Nieuwenhuis, E. J., Stigter-van Walsum, M., Snow, G. B. and Brakenhoff, R. H. (2003) Characterization of the human Ly-6 antigens, the newly annotated member Ly-6K included, as molecular markers for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 103, 768-774.   DOI   ScienceOn
85 Lee, J. W., Lee, Y. S., Yoo, K. H., Lee, K. H., Park, K., Ahn, T., Ko, C. and Park, J. H. (2006) LY-6K gene: a novel molecular marker for human breast cancer. Oncol. Rep. 16, 1211-1214.
86 Ishikawa, N., Takano, A., Yasui, W., Inai, K., Nishimura, H., Ito, H., Miyagi, Y., Nakayama, H., Fujita, M., Hosokawa, M., Tsuchiya, E., Kohno, N., Nakamura, Y. and Daigo, Y. (2007) Cancer-testis antigen lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K is a serologic biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung and esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 67, 11601-11611.   DOI   ScienceOn
87 Suda, T., Tsunoda, T., Daigo, Y., Nakamura, Y. and Tahara, H. (2007) Identification of human leukocyte antigen-A24-restricted epitope peptides derived from gene products upregulated in lung and esophageal cancers as novel targets for immunotherapy. Cancer Sci. 98, 1803-1808.   DOI   ScienceOn
88 Matsuda, R., Enokida, H., Chiyomaru, T., Kikkawa, N., Sugimoto, T., Kawakami, K., Tatarano, S., Yoshino, H., Toki, K., Uchida, Y., Kawahara, K., Nishiyama, K., Seki, N. and Nakagawa, M. (2011) LY6K is a novel molecular target in bladder cancer on basis of integrate genome-wide profiling. Br. J. Cancer 104, 376-386   DOI   ScienceOn
89 Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Gao, X., Kernstine, K. H. and Zhong, L. (2012) Serological antibodies against LY6K as a diagnostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarkers 17, 372-378.   DOI   ScienceOn
90 Choi, S. H., Kong, H. K., Park, S. Y. and Park, J. H. (2009) Metastatic effect of LY-6K gene in breast cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol. 35, 601-607.
91 Yu, D. H., Fan, W., Liu, G., Nguy, V., Chatterton, J. E., Long, S., Ke, N., Meyhack, B., Bruengger, A., Brachat, A., Wong-Staal, F. and Li, Q. X. (2006) PHTS, a novel putative tumor suppressor, is involved in the transformation reversion of HeLaHF cells independently of the p53 pathway. Exp. Cell Res. 312, 865-876.   DOI   ScienceOn
92 Egerod, K. L., Holst, B., Petersen, P. S., Hansen, J. B., Mulder, J., Hokfelt, T. and Schwartz, T. W. (2007) GPR39 splice variants versus antisense gene LYPD1: expression and regulation in gastrointestinal tract, endocrine pancreas, liver, and white adipose tissue. Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 1685-1698.   DOI   ScienceOn
93 Wurfel, J., Seiter, S., Stassar, M., Claas, A., Klas, R., Rosel, M., Marhaba, R., Savelyeva, L., Schwab, M., Matzku, S. and Zoller, M. (2001) Cloning of the human homologue of the metastasis-associated rat C4.4A. Gene 262, 35-41.   DOI   ScienceOn
94 Hansen, L. V., Skov, B. G., Ploug, M. and Pappot, H. (2007) Tumour cell expression of C4.4A, a structural homologue of the urokinase receptor, correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 58, 260-266.   DOI   ScienceOn
95 Seiter, S., Stassar, M., Rappl, G., Reinhold, U., Tilgen, W. and Zoller, M. (2001) Upregulation of C4.4A expression during progression of melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol. 116, 344-347.   DOI   ScienceOn
96 Fletcher, G. C., Patel, S., Tyson, K., Adam, P. J., Schenker, M., Loader, J. A., Daviet, L., Legrain, P., Parekh, R., Harris, A. L. and Terrett, J. A. (2003) hAG-2 and hAG-3, human homologues of genes involved in differentiation, are associated with oestrogen receptor-positive breast tumours and interact with metastasis gene C4.4a and dystroglycan. Br. J. Cancer 88, 579-585.   DOI   ScienceOn
97 Paret, C., Hildebrand, D., Weitz, J., Kopp-Schneider, A., Kuhn, A., Beer, A., Hautmann, R. and Zoller, M. (2007) C4.4A as a candidate marker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer 97, 1146-1156.   DOI   ScienceOn
98 Hansen, L. V., Laerum, O. D., Illemann, M., Nielsen, B. S. and Ploug, M. (2008) Altered expression of the urokinase receptor homologue, C4.4A, in invasive areas of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 122, 734-741.   DOI   ScienceOn
99 Oshiro, R., Yamamoto, H., Takahashi, H., Ohtsuka, M., Wu, X., Nishimura, J., Takemasa, I., Mizushima, T., Ikeda, M., Sekimoto, M., Matsuura, N., Doki, Y. and Mori, M. (2012) C4.4A is associated with tumor budding and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 103, 1155-1164.   DOI   ScienceOn
100 Ngora, H., Galli, U. M., Miyazaki, K. and Zoller, M. (2012) Membrane-bound and exosomal metastasis-associated C4.4A promotes migration by associating with the alpha(6)beta(4) integrin and MT1-MMP. Neoplasia 14, 95-107.   DOI