Effect of Feeding Saturated Fat on Milk Production and Composition in Crossbred Dairy Cows |
Sarwar, Muhammad
(Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture)
Sohaib, Amer (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) Khan, Muhammad Ajmal (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) Nisa, Mahr-un (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture) |
1 | AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Assoc. off. Anlyt. hemists, 15th Ed. Arlington Virginia, USA. |
2 | Andrew, S. M., H. F. Tyrrell, C. K. Reynolds and R. A. Erdman. 1991. Net energy for lactation of calcium soaps of fatty acids for cows fed silage-based diets. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2588. DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Brown, W. H., J. W. Stull and G. H. Stott. 1962. Fatty acids composition of milk. 1. Effect of roughage and dietary fat. J. Dairy Sci. 45:191. DOI |
4 | Brumby, P. E., J. E. Storry, J. A. Bines and R. J. Fulford. 1978. Utilization of energy for maintenance and production in dairy cows given protected tallow during early lactation. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 91:151. DOI |
5 | Chalupa, W. B., D. S. Rickabaugh, D. S. Kronfeld and D. Sklan. 1984. Rumen fermentation in vitro as influenced by longchain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1439. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Chan, S. C., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer, Z. Wu, K. H. Chan and J. M. Simas. 1997. Effect of supplemented fat and protein source and ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow to duodenum in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:152. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | DePeters, E. J., S. J. Taylor and R. L. Baldwin. 1989. Effect of dietary fat in isocaloric ration on the nitrogen content of milk from Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2949. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Grainger, R. B., M. C. Bell, J. W. Stround and F. H. Baker. 1961. Effect of various rations and corn oil on crude cellulose digestibility by sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 20:319. |
9 | Grummer, R. R. 1988. Influence of prilled fat and calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 71:117. DOI PUBMED ScienceOn |
10 | Kim, Y. K., D. J. Schingoethe, D. P. Casper and F. C. Ludens. 1991. Lactational response of dairy cows to increased dietary crude protein with added fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3891. DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Klusmeyer, T. H., G. L. Lynch, J. H. Clark and D. R. Nelson. 1991a. Effects of calcium salts of fatty acids and protein source on ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow to duodenum of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2206. DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Palmquist, D. L. and E. A. Moser. 1981. Dietary fat effects on blood insulin, glucose utilization and milk protein content of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 64:1664. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Pennington, J. A. and C. L. Davis. 1975. Effects of intra-ruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the cow. J. Dairy Sci. 58:49. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Rindsig, R. G. and L. H. Schultz. 1974. Effect of amount and frequency of feeding safflower oil on related milk, blood and rumen components. J. Dairy Sci. 57:1037. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Finn, A. M., A. K. Clark, J. K. Drackley, D. J. Schingoethe and T. Sahlu. 1985. Whole rolled sunflower seeds with or without additional limestone in lactating dairy cattle ration. J. Dairy Sci. 68:903. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Shaver, R. D. 1990. Fat sources for high producing dairy cows. In: Proc. 51st Minnesota Nutr. Conf., St. Paul. p. 13. |
17 | Van Soest, P. J., H. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Method of dietary fiber, NDF and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal material. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Eastridge, M. L. and J. L. Firkins, 1991. Feeding hydrogenated fatty acids and triglycerides to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2610. DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Rodriguez, L. A., C. C. Stallings, J. H. Herbeins and M. L. McGilliard. 1997. Effect of degradability of dietary protein and fat on the ruminal, blood and milk components of Jersey and Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:353. DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Sklan, D., R. Ashkenazi, A. Braun, A. Devorin and K.Tabori. 1992. Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2463. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Moore, J. H., W. Steele and R. C. Noble. 1969. The relationship between dietary fatty acids plasma lipid composition and milk fat secretion in the cow. J. Dairy Res. 36:383. DOI |
22 | Stern, M. D., K. A. Santos and L. D. Satter. 1985. Protein degradation in rumen and amino acid absorption in small intestine of lactating dairy cattle fed heat-treated whole soybeans. J. Dairy Sci. 68:45. DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Simas, J. M., J. T. Huber, Z. Wu, K. H. Chen, S. C. Chan, C. B. Theurer and R. S. Swingle. 1995. Influence of steam flaked sorghum grain and supplemental fat on performance of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1526. DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Nicholson, J. W. G. and J. D. Sutton. 1971. Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content. J. Dairy Res. 38:363. |
25 | Bertrand, J. A. and L. W. Grimes. 1997. Influence of tallow and Aspergillus oryzae, fermentation extract in dairy cattle rations. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1179. DOI ScienceOn |
26 | Chalupa, W., B. Vecchiarelli, A. E. Elser, D. S. Kronfeld, D. Sklan and D. L. Palmquist. 1986. Ruminal fermentation in vivo as influenced by long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1293. DOI ScienceOn |
27 | Harrison, J. H., R. L. Kincaid, J. P. McNamara, S. Waltner, K. A. Loney, R. E. Riley and J. D. Cronrath. 1995. Effect of whole cottonseed and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on performance of lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:181. DOI ScienceOn |
28 | Dunkley, W. L., N. E. Smith and A. A. Frank. 1977. Effects of feeding protected tallow on composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 60:1863. DOI ScienceOn |
29 | Schauff, D. J., J. P. Elliott, J. H. Clark and J. K. Drackley. 1992b. Effects of feeding lactating cows diets containing whole soybeans and tallow. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1923. DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Jenkins, T. C. and D. L. Palmquist. 1982. Effects of added fat and calcium on in vitro formation of insoluble fatty acids soap and cell wall degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 55(u):957. DOI |
31 | Sarwar, M., Mahr-un-Nisa and M. A. Feroz. 1999. Energy utilization is not a constant function of metabolic body size in ruminant animals. Intl. J. Agric. Biol. 1:196. |
32 | Ferguson, J. D., J. Torralba, P. L. Schneider, B. Vecchiarelli, D. Sklan, D. S. Kronfeld and W. Chalupa. 1998. Response of lactating cows in commercial dairies to calcium salts of longchain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 71:254. |
33 | Hermansen, J. E. 1989a. Feed intake and milk yield at increasing supplement of palmitic and stearic fatty acids, high type of fat in comparison with animal fat. Nut. Abst. and Rew 59(8): 3524, 1989. |
34 | Storry, J. E. and J. A. F. Rook. 1965. The effects of diet in hay and high in flaked maize on milk fat secretion and on concentration of certain nutrients in blood plasma of the cow. Br. J. Nutr. 19:101. DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Steele, W. 1983. Intestinal absorption of fatty acids and blood lipid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 66:520. DOI PUBMED ScienceOn |
36 | Kent, B. A. and M. J. Arambel. 1988. Effect of calcuium salts of long-chain fatty acids on dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2412. DOI ScienceOn |
37 | Khorasani, G. R., P. H. Robinson, G. DeBoer and J. J. Kennely. 1991. Influence of canola fat on yield, fat percentage, fatty acid profile and nitrogen fractions in Holstein milk. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1904. DOI ScienceOn |
38 | Palmquist, D. L. 1983. Use of fats in diets for lactating dairy cows. Fats in animals nutrition. J. Wiseman, Ed. Butterworths, London. |
39 | Boila, R. J., Maclnnis-Mabon and J. R. Ingalls. 1993. Response of dairy cows to barley grain, tallow or whole sunflower seeds as supplemental energy in early lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 73:327. DOI ScienceOn |
40 | Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Eastridge and B. L. Hull. 1996a. Fatty acid digestion in lactating dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation and different fiber sources. J. Dairy Sci. 79:575. DOI ScienceOn |
41 | Storry, J. E., P. E. Brumby, A. J. Hall and B. Tuckley. 1974a. Effects of free and protected forms of cod-liver oil on milk fat secretion by the cow. J. Dairy Sci. 57:1046. DOI ScienceOn |
42 | Grummer, R. R. 1991. Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3244. DOI PUBMED ScienceOn |
43 | Tackett, V. L., J. A. Bertrand, T. C. Jenkins, F. E. Pardue and L. W. Crimes. 1996. Interactions of dietary fat and acid detergent fiber diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:270. DOI ScienceOn |
44 | Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry - The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freeman and company, New York, USA. |
45 | Weiss, W. P. and D. J. Wyatt. 2000. Effect of oil content and kernel processing of corn silage on digestibility and milk production by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:351. DOI ScienceOn |
46 | Casper, D. P., D. J. Schingoethe and W. A. Eisenbeisz. 1990. Response of early lactation cows to diets that vary in ruminal degradability of carbohydrates and amount of fat. J. Dairy Sci. 73:425. DOI |
47 | Firkins, J. L. and M. L. Eastridge. 1992. Replacement of forage or concentrate with combinations of soy hulls, sodium bicarbonate or fat for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2752. DOI ScienceOn |
48 | Harrison, J. H. 1991. Use of whole cottonseed in the diet of the lactating dairy cow. In : Proc. 42nd. Montana Livest. Nutr. Conf. Montana State Unive., Bozeman. p. 61. |
49 | Jerred, M. J., D. J. Carroll, D. K. Combs and R. R. Grummer. 1990. Effects of fat supplementation and immature alfalfa to concentrate ratio on lactation performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2842. DOI ScienceOn |
50 | Schauff, D. J., J. H. Clark and J. K. Drackley. 1992a. Effects of feeding lactating cows diets containing extruded soybeans and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3003. DOI ScienceOn |
51 | Jenkins, T. C. and B. F. Jenny. 1989. Effect of hydrogenated fat on feed intake, nutrient digestion and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2752. DOI ScienceOn |
52 | Jenkins, T. C. and B. F. Jenny. 1992. Nutrient digestion and lactation performance of dairy cows fed combinations of prilled fat and canola oil. J. Dairy Sci. 75:796. DOI ScienceOn |
53 | Canale, C. J., L. D. Muller, H. A. McMahon, T. J. Whitsel, G. A. Varga and M. J. Lormore. 1992a. Dietary fat and ruminally protected fatty acids for high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73:135. DOI ScienceOn |
54 | Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Eastridge. 1996b. Fatty acid digestibility and lactation performance by dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation. J. Dairy Sci. 79:429. DOI ScienceOn |
55 | Tamminga, S. 1981. Effect of the roughage / concentrate ratio on nitrogen entering the small intestine of dairy cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 29:273. |
56 | Eastridge, M. L., D. M. Cunningham and J. A. Patterson. 1988. Effect of dietary energy source and concentrate on performance of dairy cows during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2959. DOI ScienceOn |
57 | Elliot, J. P., J. K. Drackley, D. J. Schauff and E. H. Jester. 1993. Diets containing high oil corn and tallow for dairy cows during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 76:775. DOI ScienceOn |
58 | Storry, J. E., P. E. Brumby, A. J. Hall and V. W. Johnson. 1974b. Response of the lactating cow to different methods of incorporating casein and coconut oil in the diet. J. Dairy Sci. 57:61. DOI ScienceOn |
59 | Hoffman, P. C., R. R. Grummer, R. D. Shaver, G. A. Broderick and T. R. Drendel. 1991. Feeding supplemental fat and undegraded intake protein to early lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3468. |
60 | Salfer, J. A., J. G. Linn, D. E. Otterby and W. P. Hanson. 1995. Early lactation responses of Holstein cows fed a rumen/ inert fat prepartum, and postpartum or both. J. Dairy Sci. 78:368. DOI ScienceOn |
61 | Moody, E. G., P. J. VanSoet, R. E. MacDowell and G. L. Ford. 1967. Effects of high temperature and dietary fat on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 50:1909. DOI ScienceOn |
62 | Son, J., R. J. Grant and L. L. Larson. 1996. Effects of tallow and escape protein on lactational and reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:822. DOI ScienceOn |
63 | Palmquist, D. L. and H. R. Conrad. 1980. High fat ration for dairy cows. Tallow and hydrolyzed blended fat at two intakes. J. Dairy Sci. 63:391. DOI ScienceOn |
64 | Palmquist, D. L. 1984. Use of fats in diets for lactating dairy cows. Fats in animal nutrition (Ed. J. Wiseman). Butterworths, London. |
65 | Schauff, D. J. and J. H. Clark. 1992. Effects of feeding diets containing calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2990. DOI ScienceOn |
66 | Jenkins, T. C. 1990. Nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, and plasma lipid in stress fed combinations of hydrogenated fat and lecithin. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2934. |
67 | Johnson, J. C. Jr., P. R. Utley, B. G. Mullinix, Jr. and A. Merrill. 1988. Effects of adding fat and lasalocid to diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2151. DOI |
68 | Maiga, H. A., D. J. Schingoethe and F. C. Ludens. 1995. Evaluation of diets containing supplemental fat with different sources of carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1122. DOI ScienceOn |
69 | Boggs, D. L., W. G. Bergen and D. R. Hawkins. 1987. Effect of tallow supplementation and protein with drawl on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and site of digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 64:907. DOI |
70 | Wu, Z. and J. T. Huber. 1994. Relationship between dietary fat supplementation and milk protein concentration in lactating cows: A review. Livestock Prod. Sci. 39:141. DOI ScienceOn |
71 | Jenkins, T. C. and D. L. Palmquist. 1984. Effects of fatty acids or calcium soaps on rumen and total nutrient digestibility of dairy rations. J. Dairy Sci. 67:978. DOI ScienceOn |
72 | Schneider, P., D. Sklan, W. Chalupa and D. S. Kronfeld. 1988. Feeding calcium salts of fatty acids to lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2143. DOI |
73 | Solomon, R., L. E. Chase, D. Ben-Ghedalia and D. E. Bauman. 2000. Effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1322. DOI ScienceOn |
74 | Van Keulen, J. and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a natural marker in the ruminant digestibility studies. J. Dairy Sci. 44:282. DOI |
75 | Erickson, P. S., M. R. Murphy and J. H. Clark. 1992. Supplementation of dairy cows diets with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and nicotinic acid in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 75(4):1078. DOI ScienceOn |
76 | Jones, D. F., W. P. Weiss and D. L. Palmquist. 2000. Short communication: influence of dietary tallow and fish oil on milk fat composition. J. Dairy Sci. 88:2024. |