Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5223/kjpgn.2011.14.1.59

Effects of Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Using Polymerase Chain Reaction on Acute Hepatitis A in Children  

Baek, Seung-Hyon (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Kim, Sang-Yong (Severance Pediatric Liver Disease Research Group, Severance Children's Hospital)
Koh, Hong (Severance Pediatric Liver Disease Research Group, Severance Children's Hospital)
Publication Information
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition / v.14, no.1, 2011 , pp. 59-66 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: We previously reported that concurrent reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in children with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is common and EBV reactivation with HAV infection adversely affects the clinical features of hepatitis. However, the incidence of concurrent reactivation was not accurate because the detection of EBV reactivation was based on serologic methods. Therefore, we studied the effects of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-proven EBV reactivation, thus a more precise concurrence, on acute HAV infection in children. Methods: PCR were conducted in 34 patients, who had enrolled previous study and diagnosed with acute HAV infection between January 2008 and June 2010. Their medical records were reviewed. Results: Among 34 patients with acute HAV infection, 12 patients (35.3%) had EBV reactivation which was proven using serologic and molecular biologic techniques. There were significant differences in the peak levels of AST and ALT between the reactivated and non-reactivated groups (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The duration of full recovery from hepatitis was more prolonged in the reactivated group (p<0.001). Clinical parameters, such as serum protein (p<0.001) and albumin concentrations (p<0.001), atypical lymphocyte count (p=0.001), prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR, p<0.001), and splenomegaly (p<0.001), showed significant differences. The clinical features in the reactivated sub-group >10 years of age revealed more liver dysfunction compared to the non-reactivated sub-group. A comparison with a previous study was performed. Conclusion: PCR-proven reactivation of latent EBV in children with HAV infection is common and EBV reactivation with HAV infection adversely affects the clinical features of hepatitis, especially in older children.
Keywords
Epstein-Barr virus; Acute hepatitis A; Polymerase chain reaction;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Asada H, Miyagawa S, Sumikawa Y, Yamaguchi Y, Itami S, Suguri S, et al. CD4+ T-lymphocyte-induced Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in a patient with severe hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and Epstein-Barr virus-infected NK cell lymphocytosis. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:1601-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Vallbracht A, Maier K, Stierhof YD, Wiedmann KH, Flehmig B, Fleischer B. Liver-derived cytotoxic T cells in hepatitis A virus infection. J Infect Dis 1989;160: 209-17.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Rickinson AB, Moss DJ, Allen DJ, Wallace LE, Rowe M, Epstein MA. Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virusspecific cytotoxic T cells by in vitro stimulation with the autologous lymphoblastoid cell line. Int J Cancer 1981; 27:593-601.   DOI
4 Fukuda M, Satoh TA, Takanashi M, Hirai K, Ohnishi E, Sairenji T. Inhibition of cell growth and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by CD40 stimulation in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. Viral Immunol 2000;13:215-29.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Annels NE, Kalpoe JS, Bredius RG, Claas EC, Kroes AC, Hislop AD, et al. Management of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation by simultaneous analysis of EBV DNA load and EBV-specific T cell reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1743-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Chung JL, Kim HS. Clinical usefulness of EBV-specific antibody panel test and PCR genotyping in the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Korean J Clin Pathol 2000;20:320-9.
7 Luderer R, Kok M, Niesters HG, Schuurman R, de Weerdt O, Thijsen SF. Real-time Epstein-Barr virus PCR for the diagnosis of primary EBV infections and EBV reactivation. Mol Diagn 2005;9:195-200.   DOI
8 Rowe M, Zuo J. Immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus: molecular interactions in the virus evasion of CD8+ T cell immunity. Microbes Infect 2010;12:173-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Ternak G. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:271.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Siegl G, Weitz M. Pathogenesis of hepatitis A: persistent viral infection as basis of an acute disease? Microb Pathog 1993;14:1-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Lavin AC, Roman JG, Zarate SA, Porras MC, Caviedes JR. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in an immunocompetent patient. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:253-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Rajwal S, Davison S, Wyatt J, McClean P. Primary Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis complicated by ascites with epstein-barr virus reactivation during primary cytomegalovirus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 37:87-90.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Touge C, Agawa H, Sairenji T, Inoue Y. High incidence of elevated antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with uveitis. Arch Virol 2006;151:895-903.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Gotlieb-Stematsky T, Rannon L, Vonsover A, Varsano N. Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections. Arch Virol 1978;57:199-204.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kim SY, Ryu IS, Baek SH, Chung KS, Koh H. Concurrent reactivation of latent EBV with hepatitis A can affect clinical feature of childhood hepatitis. Acta Paediatr 2010;99:1258-62.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Obel N, Hoier-Madsen M, Kangro H. Serological and clinical findings in patients with serological evidence of reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection. APMIS 1996; 104:424-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Asano N, Yamamoto K, Tamaru J, Oyama T, Ishida F, Ohshima K, et al. Age-related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: comparison with EBV-positive classic Hodgkin lymphoma in elderly patients. Blood 2009;113:2629-36.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Stowe RP, Pierson DL, Barrett AD. Elevated stress hormone levels relate to Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in astronauts. Psychosom Med 2001;63:891-5.   DOI
19 Nystad TW, Myrmel H. Prevalence of primary versus reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with VCA IgG-, VCA IgM- and EBNA-1-antibodies and suspected infectious mononucleosis. J Clin Virol 2007;38: 292-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Besnard M, Faure C, Fromont-Hankard G, Ansart-Pirenne H, Peuchmaur M, Cezard JP, et al. Intestinal pseudoobstruction and acute pandysautonomia associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95: 280-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Drebber U, Kasper HU, Krupacz J, Haferkamp K, Kern MA, Steffen HM, et al. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in acute and chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2006;44:879-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 El-Kamary SS, Cheng TL. Hepatitis A. Pediatrics in Review 2005;26:75-6.   DOI
23 Jung YK, Kim JH. Epidemiology and clinical features of acute hepatitis A: from the domestic perspective. Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:438-45.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Hallee TJ, Evans AS, Niederman JC, Brooks CM, Voegtly H. Infectious mononucleosis at the United States Military Academy. A prospective study of a single class over four years. Yale J Biol Med 1974;47:182-95.