Browse > Article

Improvement of Microphone Away Performance in the Low Frequencies Using Modulation Technique  

Kim, Gi-Bak (School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University)
Cho, Nam-Ik (School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Abstract
In this paper, we employ the modulation technique for improving the characteristics of beamformer in the low frequencies and thus improving the overall noise reduction performance. In the 1-dimensional uniform linear microphone arrays, we can suppress the narrowband noise component using the delay-and-sum beamforming. But, for the wideband noise signal, the delay-and-sum beamformer does not work well for the reduction of low frequency component because the inter-element spacing is usually set to avoid spatial aliasing at high frequencies. Hence, the beamwidth is not uniform with respect to each frequency and it is usually wider at the low frequencies. In order to obtain the beamwidth independent of frequencies, subarray systems[1][2][3][4] and multi-beamforming[5] have been proposed. However these algorithms need large space and more microphones since they are based on the theory that the size of the array is proportional to the wavelength of the input signal. In the proposed beamformer, we reduce the low frequency noise by using modulation technique that does not need additional sensors or non-uniform spacing. More Precisely, the array signals are split into subbands, and the low frequency components are shifted to high frequencies by modulation and reduced by the delay-and-sum beamforming techniques with small size microphone array. Experimental results show that the proposed technique Provides better performance than the conventional ones, especially in the low frequency band.
Keywords
microphone array; beamforming; post-filter; modulation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 M. M. Goodwin and G. W. Elko, 'Constant Beamwidth Beamforming,' in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 1, pp. 169-172, 1993   DOI
2 J. S. Lim and A. V. Oppenheim, 'All-pole modeling of degraded speech.' IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 26(3): 197 -210, June 1978   DOI
3 S. F. BOLL, 'Suppression of acoustic noise in speech using spectral subtraction,' IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 113-120, 1979   DOI
4 D. B. Ward, R. A. Kennedy, and R. C. Williamson, 'Theory and design of broadband sensor arrays with frequency invariant far-field beam patterns,' J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 1023-1034, Feb. 1995   DOI   ScienceOn
5 M. Brandstein and D. B. Ward, Microphone Arrays : Signal Processing Techniques and Applications, Springer-Verlag, May 2001
6 T Chou, 'Frequency-Independent Beamformer with Low Response Error,' in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, S and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 2995-2998, 1995   DOI
7 L. J. Griffiths, C. W. Jim, 'An alternative approach to linearly constrained adaptive beamforming,' IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propagation, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 27-34, Jan. 1982   DOI
8 S. Haykin, Communication Systems 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA., 2001
9 M. Omologo and P. Svaizer, 'Acoustic Event Localization Using a Crosspower-spectrum Phase based Technique,' in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 273-276, 1994   DOI
10 P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993
11 Y. Ephraim and D. Malah, 'Speech Enhancement Using a Minimun Mean-Square Error Short-Time Spectral Amplitude Estimator,' IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 32(6):1109 -1121, December 1984   DOI
12 S. Fischer, K. U. Simmer, 'Beamforming Microphone Arrays for Speech Acqusition in Noise Environments,' Speech Communication, 20, pp. 215-227, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
13 R. J. Webster and T. N. Lang, 'Prescribed Sidelobes for the Constant Beamwidth Array,' IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 38, no. 4, April 1990   DOI   ScienceOn
14 R. Zelinski, 'A microphone array with adaptive post-filtering for noise reduction in reverberant rooms,' in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 2578-2581, 1988   DOI
15 C. Marro, Y. Mahieux, and K. U. Simmer, 'Analysis of noise reduction and dereverberation techniques based on microphone arrays with postfiltering,' IEEE Trans. on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 6, no. 3, May 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
16 I. Cohen, 'Analysis of Two-Channel Generalized Sidelobe Canceller (GSC) With Post-Filtering,' IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, November 2003   DOI   ScienceOn