Concept and application of implant connection systems: Part II. Placement and restoration of external connection implant and tissue level implant
![]() |
Ko, Kyung-Ho
(Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Kang, Hyeon-Goo (Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University) Huh, Yoon-Hyuk (Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University) Park, Chan-Jin (Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University) Cho, Lee-Ra (Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University) |
1 | Weng D, Nagata MJ, Bell M, Bosco AF, de Melo LG, Richter EJ. Influence of microgap location and configuration on the periimplant bone morphology in submerged implants. An experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008;19:1141-7. DOI |
2 | Weng D, Nagata MJ, Bell M, de Melo LG, Bosco AF. Influence of microgap location and configuration on peri-implant bone morphology in nonsubmerged implants: an experimental study in dogs. Int J Oral axillofac Implants 2010;25:540-7. |
3 | Theoharidou A, Petridis HP, Tzannas K, Garefis P. Abutment screw loosening in single-implant restorations: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;23:681-90. |
4 | Yi Y, Koak JY, Kim SK, Lee SJ, Heo SJ. Comparison of implant component fractures in external and internal type: A 12-year retrospective study. J Adv Prosthodont 2018;10:155-62. DOI |
5 | Pessoa RS, Muraru L, Junior EM, Vaz LG, Sloten JV, Duyck J, Jaecques SVN. Influence of implant connection type on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants - CT-based nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2010;12:219-34. |
6 | Tarnow DP, Cho SC, Wallace SS. The effect of inter-implant distance on the height of inter-implant bone crest. J Periodontol 2000;71:546-9. DOI |
7 | Asvanund P, Morgano SM. Photoelastic stress analysis of external versus internal implant-abutment connections. J Prosthet Dent 2011;106:266-71. DOI |
8 | de Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro T, Dietrich L, Prudente MS, da Silva Neto JP, do Prado CJ, de Araujo CA, das Neves FD. Fracture Resistance of Internal Conical and External Hexagon: Regular and Narrow Implant-Abutment Assemblies. Implant Dent 2016;25:510-4. DOI |
9 | Monje A, Galindo-Moreno P, Tozum TF, SuarezLopez del Amo F, Wang HL. Into the Paradigm of Local Factors as Contributors for Peri-implant Disease: Short Communication. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2016;31:288-92. |
10 | Cardaropoli G, Wennstrom JL, Lekholm U. Periimplant bone alterations in relation to inter-unit distances. A 3-year retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003;14:430-6. DOI |
11 | Jo DW, Yi YJ, Kwon MJ, Kim YK. Correlation between interimplant distance and crestal bone loss in internal connection implants with platform switching. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014;29:296-302. DOI |
12 | Lee H, So JS, Hochstedler JL, Ercoli C. The accuracy of implant impressions: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2008;100:285-91. DOI |
13 | Hermann JS, Buser D, Schenk RK, Schoolfield JD, Cochran DL. Biologic Width around one- and twopiece titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12:559-71. DOI |
14 | Gracis S, Michalakis K, Vigolo P, von Steyern PV, Zwahlen M, Sailer I. Internal vs. external connections for abutments/reconstructions: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23 Suppl 6:202-16. DOI |
15 | Cardoso M, Torres MF, Lourenco EJ, de Moraes Telles D, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Torque removal evaluation of prosthetic screws after tightening and loosening cycles: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23:475-80. DOI |
16 | Ko KH, Park JH, Cho LR. Considerations for fabrication of cad-cam abutments: Part I. Selection of titanium block and fabrication process. Implantology 2019;23:46-58. DOI |
17 | Ko KH, Park JH, Cho LR. Considerations for fabrication of cad-cam abutments: Part II. Designing abutment. Implantology 2019;23:112-25. DOI |
18 | Hermann JS, Buser D, Schenk RK, Cochran DL. Crestal bone changes around titanium implants. A histometric evaluation of unloaded non-submerged and submerged implants in the canine mandible. J Periodontol 2000;71:1412-24. DOI |
19 | Behneke A, Behneke N, d'Hoedt B. A 5-year longitudinal study of the clinical effectiveness of ITI solid-screw implants in the treatment of mandibular edentulism. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:799-810. |
20 | Buser D, von Arx T. Surgical procedures in partially edentulous patients with ITI implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000;11 Suppl 1:83-100. DOI |
21 | Buser D, Mericske-Stern R, Dula K, Kang NP. Clinical experience with one-stage, non-submerged dental implants. Adv Dent Res 1999;13:153-61. DOI |
22 | Morneburg TR, Proschel PA. Measurement of masticatory forces and implant loads: a methodologic clinical study. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15:20-7. |
23 | Morton D, Gallucci G, Lin WS, Pjetursson B, Polido W, Roehling S, Sailer I, Aghaloo T, Albera H, Bohner L, Braut V, Buser D, Chen S, Dawson A, Eckert S, Gahlert M, Hamilton A, Jaffin R, Jarry C, Karayazgan B, Laine J, Martin W, Rahman L, Schlegel A, Shiota M, Stilwell C, Vorster C, Zembic A, Zhou W. Group 2 ITI Consensus Report: Prosthodontics and implant dentistry. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018;29 Suppl 16:215-23. |
24 | Alves CC, Munoz F, Cantalapiedra A, Ramos I, Neves M, Blanco J. Marginal bone and soft tissue behavior following platform switching abutment connection/disconnection-a dog model study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015;26:983-91. DOI |
25 | Fontijn-Tekamp FA, Slagter AP, Van Der Bilt A, Van't Hof MA, Witter DJ, Kalk W, Jansen JA. Biting and Chewing in Overdentures, Full Dentures, and Natural Dentitions. J Dent Res 2000;79:1519-24. DOI |
![]() |