Browse > Article

A proposal of landmarks for craniofacial analysis using three-dimensional CT imaging  

Chang, Hye-Sook (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Baik, Hyoung-Seon (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
The korean journal of orthodontics / v.32, no.5, 2002 , pp. 313-325 More about this Journal
Abstract
Three-dimensional CT imaging is efficient in examining specific structures in the craniofacial area by reproducing actual measurements through minimization of errors from patient movement and image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range a need for developing three -dimensional analysis has become urgent. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of error and magnification of three-dimensional CT using a dried skull and Vworks $program^{TM}$ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea) and also to obtain landmarks that are easy to designate and reproduce in three-dimensional images using the Vmorph-proto $program^{TM}$ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The following conclusions were obtained, 1. In the comparison of actual measurements from the dried skull and the three-dimensional image obtained from the Vworks program, the mean error was 0.99mm and the magnification was 1.04%. 2. Clinically useful hard tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Supraorbitale, Lateral orbital margin, Infraorbitale, Nasion, ANS, A point, Zygomaticomaxilla, Upper incisor, Lower incisor, B point, pogonion, Menton, PNS, Condylar inner margin, Condylar outer margin, Porion, Condylion, Gonionl, Gonion2, Gonion3, Sigmoid notch and Basion. 3. Clinically useful soft tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Endocanthion, Exocanthion, Soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Alare lateralis, Upper nostril point, Lower nostril point, Subnasale, Upper lip point, Cheilion, Stomion, Lower lip center, Soft tissue B, Pogonion, Menton and Preaurale. The Vworks program can be considered a clinically efficient tool to produce and measure three-dimensional images. Most of the hard and soft tissue landmarks proposed above are anatomically important points which are also easily reproducible and designated. These landmarks can be beneficial in three-dimensional diagnosis and the prediction of changes before and after surgery.
Keywords
Three-dimensional CT imaging; Craniofacial analysis; Landmarks;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hatcher DC. Maaxillofacial imaging. In: McNeill C, ed. Scienceand Practice of Occlusion, Chicago: Quintessence Publishing 1997 : 349-64
2 Grayson BH, McCarthy JG, Bookstein F. Analysis of craniofacial asymmetry by multiplane cephalometry, Am J Orthod 1983 : 84 : 217-24
3 Grayson BH, Cutting C, Bookstein FL, Kim H, Mccarthy JG, The three-dimensional cephalograrn : theory, technique, and clinical app-lication, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988 : 94 : 327-37   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Grayson BH, Cutting C, Bookstein FL, Kim H, Mccarthy JG. Land-marks in three-dimensions : reconstruction from cephalogram versus direct observation, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991 : 100: 133-40   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Brown T, Abbott AH. Computer assisted location of reference points in three dimensions for radiographic cephalometry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989 : 95 : 490-8   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Baumrind S, Moffitt FH, Curry S, Three-dimension x-ray stereome-try from paired coplanar images. A progress report. Am J Orthod 1983 : 84 : 292-312   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Budi Kusnoto, Carla A Evans, Ellen A BeGole : Assessment of 3-dimensional computer-generated cephalometric measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999 : 116 : 390-9   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Darling CF, Byrd SE, Allen ED : Three dimensional computed tomo-graphy imaging in the evaluation of craniofacial abnormality. J National Med Assoc 1994 : 86 : 676-80
9 Preda L, Di Maggio EM, Dore R, et al. : Use of spiral computed tomography for multiplanar dental reconstruction. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997 : 26 : 327-31   DOI   ScienceOn
10 김기덕, 박창서 : 하악골 매식 부위 계측을 위한 나선형 단충촬영술의 신뢰도. 대구악안방사선지 1997: 27(2) : 27-46
11 Carls FR, Schuknecht B, Salier HF : Value of three-dimensional computed tomography in craniofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg 1994 : 5: 282-8   DOI   ScienceOn
12 김기덕 : 매복치 위치 확인을 위한 3차원 전산화 단충촬영의 이용. 대치협회지 1998: 36 : 526-8
13 Kragskov J. : Comparison of the reliability of craniofacial anatomic landmarks based on cephalometric radiographs and three-dimensio-nal CT scans. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1997 : 34 : 111-6   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kalender WA, Polacin A, Suss C: A comparison of conventional and spiral CT : An experimental study on the detection of spherical lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994 : 18 : 167-76   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Fuhrmann RA, Frohberg U, Diedrich PR. Treatment predictionwith three-dimensional computer tomograpic skull models. Ani J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994 : 106: 156-60   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Vogel CJ correction of frontal dimensions from head x-rays. Angle Orthod 1967 : 37 : 1-8   PUBMED
17 Athanasiou AE. Orthodontic Cephalometry. London: Mosby-Wolfe 1997
18 Wylie W.H., Elasser W.A. Understated vertical projections of the head from lateral and posteroanterior roentogenograms. Am J Roen-tenol 1948 : 60 : 414
19 Broadbent BH A new x-ray technique and its application to ortho-dontia, Angle Orthod 1931 : 1 : 45
20 배기선, 박수병, 손우성 3차원 두부방사선규격사진의 정확성에 관한 연구 대치교정지 1997 : 27 : 129-40
21 Vannier MW, Marsh JL, Warren JO : Three dimensional CT recon-struction images for craniofacial surgical planning and evaluation. Radiology 1984 : 150: 179-84   DOI
22 Darwood R. Digital radiography-A realistic prospect? Clin Radiol 1990 : 42 : 6-11   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
23 Altobelli DE, Kikins R, Mulliken JB, Cline H, Lorensen W, Jolesz F : Computer-assistedthree dimensional planning in craniofacial sur-gery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993 : 92 : 57-85
24 Lill W. Reproducibility of 3-dimensional CT-associated model pro-ductionin the maxillofacial area. Br J Oral & Maxillofac Surg 1992 : 30: 233-6   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Quintero J.C., Trosien A., Hatcher D. Craniofacial imaging in ortho-dontics : Historical perspective, current status, and future develop-ments. Angle Orthod 1999 : 69 : 491-506
26 Vannier MW, Hildevolt CF, Conover G, Knapp RH, Crothers NY, Wang G: Three-dimensional dental imaging by spiral CT. A pro-gress report. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997 : 84 : 561-70   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Vig PS, Orthodontic controversies : Their origins, consequences, and resolution, In : Melsen B, ed, Current Controversies in Orthodontics, Chicago: Quintessence. Publishing 1991 : 269-310
28 Bawnrind S, Moffitt FH, Curry S. The geometryof three-dimensional mearurement from paired coplanar x-ray images. Am J Orthod 1983 : 84 : 313-22   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Cavalcanti MGP, Vannier MW: Quantitative analysis of spiral computed tomography for craniofacial clinical applications. Dento-maxillofac Radiol 1998 : 27 : 344-50   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Jacques Treil, Philippe Borianne, Jean Casteigt : The human face as a 3-dimensional model : the future in orthodontics World J Orthod 2001 : 2 : 253-7
31 Marsh JL, VannierMW, Stevens WG, Warren JO, Gayou D, Dye DM : Computerized imaging for soft tissue and osseous reconstruction in the head and neck. Plst Surg Clin North Am 1985 : 12 : 279-91
32 Tyndall DA, Matteson SR, Soltmann R, Hamilton T, Proffit W. Exposure reduction in cephalometric radiology: a comprehensive approach. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988 : 93 : 400-12   DOI   ScienceOn