Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2022.22.04.403

The Effects of Subjective Happiness and Status and Growth in the Virtual World on Changes in Their Subjective Happiness  

Lee, Guk-Hee (경기대학교 진성애교양대학 교양학부)
Publication Information
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the relationship between social status and happiness in the virtual world, which was not dealt with in previous studies. In addition, this study checked whether people were interested in social status itself or social status growth according to their level of happiness. To this end, the researcher composed conditions of high and low social status, and conditions of large and small growth in social status in online games, and presented them differently depending on the participant. Next, the researcher measured how much happiness level changed before and after exposure to each condition. As a result, happy participants had less of an effect of status on happiness in online games. However, unhappy participants were found to be happy when their status in online games was high and unhappy when they were low. Happy participants also paid attention to whether their status in online game had grown. However, unhappy participants paid attention to their high and low status in online games. This study has implications in that it is a rare study on the effect of happiness on the judgment of social status in the virtual world.
Keywords
Virtual World; Happiness; Online Game; Social Comparison; Growth;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 V. H. Medvec, S. F. Madey, and T. Gilovich, "When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.69, No.4, pp.603-610, 1995.   DOI
2 L. Wheeler and K. Miyake, "Social comparison in everyday life," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.62, No.5, pp.760-773, 1992.   DOI
3 J. V. Wood, S. E. Taylor, and R. R. Lichtman, "Social comparison in adjustment to breast cancer," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.49, No.5, pp.1169-1183, 1985.   DOI
4 D. A. De Vries and R. Kuhne, "Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to negative social comparison on Facebook," Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.86, pp.217-221, 2015.   DOI
5 S. Lyubomirsky, K. L. Tucker, and F. Kasri, "Responses to hedonically conflicting social comparisons: Comparing happy and unhappy people," European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.31, No.5, pp.511-535, 2001.   DOI
6 W. M. Hedgcock, A. W. Luangrath, and R. Webster, "Counterfactual thinking and facial expressions among Olympic medalists: A conceptual replication of Medvec, Madey, and Gilovich's (1995) findings," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol.150, No.6, pp.e13-e21, 2021.   DOI
7 S. Lyubomirsky and L. Ross, "Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.73, No.6, pp.1141-1157, 1997.   DOI
8 J. V. Wood, "What is social comparison and how should we study it?," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.22, No.5, pp.520-537, 1996.   DOI
9 J. Suls, R. Martin, and L. Wheeler, "Social comparison: Why, with whom, and with what effect?," Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol.11, No.5, pp.159-163, 2002.   DOI
10 F. X. Gibbons and B. P. Buunk, "Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.76, No.1, pp.129-142, 1999.   DOI
11 이국희, "사회적 비교와 주관적 행복의 상호작용이 직장인의 여가의도에 미치는 효과," 여가학연구, 제17권, 제3호, pp.1-21. 2019.   DOI
12 J. L. Wang, H. Z. Wang, J. Gaskin, and S. Hawk, "The mediating roles of upward social comparison and self-esteem and the moderating role of social comparison orientation in the association between social networking site usage and subjective well-being," Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.8, p.771, 2017.
13 Y. T. Hu and Q. Q. Liu, "Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator," Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, Vol.48, No.1, pp.1-8, 2020.
14 이국희, "온라인 게임에서의 지위와 성장 중 무엇이 청소년의 웃음 이모티콘 긍정성 판단에 영향을 미칠까?," 한국HCI학회 논문지, 제16권, 제2호, pp.5-12, 2021.
15 G. Brandenberg, P. Ozimek, H. W. Bierhoff, and C. Janker, "The relation between use intensity of private and professional SNS, social comparison, self-esteem, and depressive tendencies in the light of self-regulation," Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol.38, No.6, pp.578-591, 2019.   DOI
16 G. F. Niu, Y. J. Luo, X. J. Sun, Z. K. Zhou, F. Yu, S. L. Yang, and L. Zhao, "Qzone use and depression among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model," Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol.231, pp.58-62, 2018.   DOI
17 이국희, "청소년의 온라인 게임 캐릭터 지위 비교가 주관적 행복 변화에 미치는 효과," 인지과학, 제32권, 제2호, pp.55-78, 2021.
18 C. I. Teng, "Impact of avatar identification on online gamer loyalty: Perspectives of social identity and social capital theories," International Journal of Information Management, Vol.37, No.6, pp.601-610, 2017.   DOI
19 L. J. Papp, M. J. Erchull, M. Liss, L. Waaland-Kreutzer, and H. Godfrey, "Slut-shaming on Facebook: Do social class or clothing affect perceived acceptability?," Gender Issues, Vol.34, No.3, pp.240-257, 2017.   DOI
20 H. Cole and M. D. Griffiths, "Social interactions in massively multiplayer online role-playing gamers," Cyberpsychology & Behavior, Vol.10, No.4, pp.575-583, 2007.   DOI
21 J. Fox, M. Gilbert, and W. Y. Tang, "Player experiences in a massively multiplayer online game: A diary study of performance, motivation, and social interaction," New Media & Society, Vol.20, No.11, pp.4056-4073, 2018.   DOI
22 J. Greenberg, C. E. Ashton-James, and N. M. Ashkanasy, "Social comparison processes in organizations," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.102, No.1, pp.22-41, 2007.   DOI
23 J. B. White, E. J. Langer, L. Yariv, and J. C. Welch, "Frequent social comparisons and destructive emotions and behaviors: The dark side of social comparisons," Journal of Adult Development, Vol.13, No.1, pp.36-44, 2006.   DOI
24 S. S. Ho, E. W. Lee, and Y. Liao, "Social network sites, friends, and celebrities: The roles of social comparison and celebrity involvement in adolescents' body image dissatisfaction," Social Media+ Society, Vol.2, No.3, p.2056305116664216, 2016.
25 이국희, "온라인 게임세계에서 형성된 청소년의 사회적 지위와 게임 시간이 도덕적 문제 수용에 미치는 효과," 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제21권, 제6호, pp.759-778, 2021.   DOI
26 S. Lyubomirsky and H. S. Lepper, "A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation," Social Indicators Research, Vol.46, No.2, pp.137-155, 1999.   DOI
27 이국희, "온라인 게임 캐릭터의 지위, 성장, 게임 시간, 그리고 청소년의 도덕적 문제 수용," 사회과학연구, 제32권, 제4호, pp.23-43, 2021.
28 B. Stiglbauer, T. Gnambs, M. Gamsjager, and B. Batinic, "The upward spiral of adolescents' positive school experiences and happiness: Investigating reciprocal effects over time," Journal of School Psychology, Vol.51, No.2, pp.231-242, 2013.   DOI
29 S. Cote, P. K. Piff, and R. Willer, "For whom do the ends justify the means?," Social class and utilitarian moral judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.104, No.3, pp.490-503, 2013.   DOI
30 A. A. Duke and L. Begue, "The drunk utilitarian: Blood alcohol concentration predicts utilitarian responses in moral dilemmas," Cognition, Vol.134, pp.121-127, 2015.   DOI
31 Y. Guo and S. Barnes, "Virtual item purchase behavior in virtual worlds: An exploratory investigation," Electronic Commerce Research, Vol.9, No.1, pp.77-96, 2009.   DOI