Numerical Analysis of Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) Behavior at Korean Reference Disposal System (KRS) Using TOUGH2-MP/FLAC3D Simulator |
Lee, Changsoo
(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Cho, Won-Jin (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Lee, Jaewon (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Kim, Geon Young (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) |
1 | Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Choice of Method - Evaluation of Strategies and Systems for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, SKB report, SKB P-10-47 (2010). |
2 | World Nuclear News. November 29 2016. "Construction to Start on Finnish Repository", Accessed Jan. 4 2018. Available from: http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WS-Construction-to-start-on-Finnish-repository-2911164.html. |
3 | World Nuclear News. June 25 2015. "Preliminary Findings Positive for Swedish Repository", Accessed Jan. 4 2018. Available from: http://www.world-nuclear-news. org/WR-Preliminary-findings-positive-for-Swedish-repository-2506154.html. |
4 | J. Lee, D. Cho, H. Choi, and J. Choi, "Concept of a Korean Reference Disposal System for Spent Fuels", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 44(12), 1565-1573 (2007). DOI |
5 | H.J. Choi, J.Y. Lee, D.G. Cho, S.K. Kim, S.S. Kim, K.Y. Kim, J.T. Jeong, M.S. Lee, J.W. Choi, J.W. Lee, K.S. Chun, and P.O. Kim, Korean Reference HLW Disposal System, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Technical Report, KAERI/TR-3563/2008 (2008). |
6 | Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Design Premises for a KBS-3V Repository based on Results from the Safety Assessment SR-Can and Some Subsequent Analyses, SKB Technical Report, SKB TR-09-22 (2009). |
7 | K. Ikonen, Thermal Condition of Open KBS-3H Tunnel, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company Technical Report, SKB R-08-24 (2008). |
8 | P. Wersin, L.H. Johnson, and I.G. Mckinley, H12 Project to establish technical basis for HLW disposal in Japan, Support Report 2 JNC TN1410 200-003, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (2000). |
9 | J. Salas, C. Sena, and D. Arcos, "Hydrogeochemical Evolution of the Bentonite Buffer in a KBS-3 Repository for Radioactive Waste. Reactive Transport Modelling of the LOT A2 Experiment", Appl. Clay Sci., 101, 521-532 (2014). DOI |
10 | Polytechnic University of Catalonia, CODE BRIGHT User's Guide: A 3-D Program for Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Analysis in Geological Media (2004). |
11 | W.J. Cho, J.O. Lee, and C.H. Kang, "A Compilation and Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Bentonite-based Buffer Materials for a Highlevel Waste Repository", Nucl. Eng. Technol., 34(1), 90-103 (2002). |
12 | M.V. Villar, Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Characterisation of a Bentonite from Cabo de Gata. A Study Applied to the Use of Bentonite as Sealing Material in High Level Radioactive Waste Repositories, Publicacion Tecnica ENRESA 01/2002 (2002). |
13 | A.M. Tang, Y.J. Cui, and T.T. Le, "A Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Compacted Bentonites", Appl. Clay Sci., 41(3-4), 181-189 (2008). DOI |
14 | K. Pruess, C.M. Oldenburg, and G.J. Moridis, TOUGH2 User's Guide, Version 2.0, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report, LBNL-43134 (1999). |
15 | Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., FLAC3D - Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3Dimensions User's Guide, Version 4.0 (2009). |
16 | J. Rutqvist, "Status of the TOUGH-FLAC Simulator and Recent Applications Related to Coupled Fluid Flow and Crustal Deformations", Comput. Geosci., 37(6), 739-750 (2011). DOI |
17 | J. Rutqvist, Y.-S. Wu, C.-F. Tsang, and G. Bodvarsson, "A Modeling Approach for Analysis of Coupled Multiphase Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Deformation in Fractured Porous Rock", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 39(4), 429-442 (2002). DOI |
18 | Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., FLAC3D - Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3Dimensions User's Guide, Version 5.0 (2012). |
19 | J. Lee, C. Lee, and G.Y. Kim, Development of TOUGH2-MP/FLAC3D Simulator for the Coupled Thermal-hydraulic-mechanical Analysis in Porous Media, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Report, KAERI/TR-6737/2016 (2016). |
20 | K. Zhang, Y.-S. Wu, and K. Pruess, User's Guide for TOUGH2-MP - A Massively Parallel Version of the TOUGH2 code, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report, LBNL-315E (2008). |
21 | J. Rutqvist and C.-F. Tsang, Review of SKB's Work on Coupled THM Processes Within SR-Can: External Review Contribution in Support of SKI's and SSI's Review of SR-Can, Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate Technical Report, SKI Report 2008:08 (2008). |
22 | W.J. Cho, C. Lee, and G.Y. Kim, "Feasibility Analysis of the Multilayer and Multicanister Concepts for a Geological Spent Fuel Repository", Nucl. Technol., 200(3), 225-240 (2017). DOI |
23 | M.V. Villar and A. Lloret, "Variation of the Intrinsic Permeability of Expansive Clays upon Saturation", In: K. Adachi, M. Fukue (eds.), 259-266, Clay Science for Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam (2001). |
24 | L.J. Klinkenberg, "The Permeability of Porous Mediato Liquid and Gases", Drill. Prod. Prac., American Petroleum Institute, 200-213 (1941). |
25 | J. Rutqvist, Y. Ijiri, and H. Yamamoto, "Implementation of the Barcelona Basic Model into TOUGHFLAC for simulations of the geomechanical behavior of unsaturated soils", Comput. Geosci., 37(6), 751-762 (2011). DOI |
26 | J.O. Lee and W.J. Cho, Thermal-hydro-mechanical Properties of Reference Bentonite Buffer for a Korean HLW Repository, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Technical Report, KAERI/TR-3729/2009 (2009). |
27 | W.J. Cho, J.W. Lee, and S. Kwon, Analysis of Thermohydro-mechanical Behavior of the Engineered Barrier System of a High-level Waste Repository, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Technical Report, KAERI/TR-4142/2010 (2010). |
28 | S. Yoon, C. Lee, and G.Y. Kim, Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity for Compacted Bentonite Buffer, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Technical Report, KAERI/TR-6877/2017 (2017). |
29 | C. Lee, "Characterization of Thermal-Mechanical Behavior of Rock Mass in the Excavation Damaged Zone at KURT", Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University, 2012. |
30 | W.J. Cho and S.K. Kwon, "Estimation of the Thermal Conductivity for Partially Saturated Granite", Eng. Geol., 115(1-2), 132-138 (2010). DOI |
31 | G.A. Nicholson and Z.T. Bieniawski, "A Nonlinear Deformation Modulus Based on Rock Mass Classification", Int. J. Min. Geo-Eng., 8(3), 181-202 (1990). DOI |
32 | V.K. Mehrotra, "Estimation of Engineering Parameters of Rock Mass", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Roorkee, 1992. |
33 | H.S. Mitri, R. Edrissi, and J. Henning, "Finite Element Modeling of Cable-bolted Slopes in Hard Rock Underground Mines", Proc. of the SME Annual Meeting, 94-116, February 14-17, 1994, Albuquerque. |
34 | S.A.L. Read, L.R. Richards, and N.D. Perrin, "Applicability of the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion to New Zealand Greywacke Rocks", Proc. of the 9th International Society of Rock Mechanics Congress, vol. 2, 655-660, August 25-28, 1999, Paris. |
35 | B.S. Chun, Y.J. Lee, and S.H. Jung, "The Evaluation for Estimation Method of Deformation Modulus of Rock Mass Using RMR System", J. Korean Geoenviron. Soc., 7(2), 25-32 (2006). |
36 | T. Ramamurthy, "Stability of Rock Mass. 8th IGS Annual lecture", Indian Geotech. J., 16(1), 1-74 (1986). |
37 | H. Sonmez, H.A. Gokceoglu, A. Nefeslioglu, and A. Kayabasi, "Estimation of Rock Modulus: For intact rocks with an artificial neural network and for rock masses with a new empirical equation", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 43(2), 224-235 (2006). DOI |
38 | S.S. Kang, H.Y. Kim, and B.A. Jang, "Correlation of in situ modulus of deformation with degree of weathering, RMR and Q-system", Environ. Earth Sci., 69(8), 2671-2678 (2013). DOI |
39 | E. Hoek and E.T. Brown, Underground excavations in rock, 1st ed., 527, CRC Press, London (1980). |
40 | G.S. Kalamaras and Z.T. Bieniawski, "A Rock Mass Strength Concept for Coal Incorporating the Effect of Time", Proc. of the 8th ISRM Congress, vol. 1, 295-302, September 25-29, 1995, Tokyo. |
41 | P.R. Sheorey, Empirical rock failure criterion, 176, Balkema, Rotterdam (1997). |
42 | O. Aydan and S. Dalgic, "Prediction of Deformation Behavior of 3-lanes Bolu Tunnels Through Squeezing Rocks of North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ)", Proc. of the Reg. Symp. on Sedimentary Rock Eng., 228-233, 1998, Taipei. |
43 | Z.T. Bieniawski, Engineering rock mass classifications, Wiley, New York (1989). |
44 | G.W. Kim, "Revaluation of 'Geomechanics classifications of rock masses'", Geotech. Eng. Tunn. Technol. / Proc. of the Korean Geotechnical Society Spring '93 National Conference, 33-40, March 27, 1993, Seoul. |
45 | R. Trueman, "An Evaluation of Strata Support Techniques in Dual Life Gateroads", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wales Cardiff, 1988. |
46 | A. Gens, "The Role of Geotechnical Engineering for Nuclear Energy Utilisation", In: Vanisek P et al. (eds.), Proc. of the XIII ECSMGE, Vol. 3, Special Lecture 2, August 25-28, 2003, Prague. |
47 | O. Aydan, T. Akagi, and T. Kawamoto, "The Squeezing Potential of Rocks Around Tunnels; Theory and prediction", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 26(2), 137-163 (1993). DOI |
48 | O. Aydan and T. Kawamoto, "The Stability Assessment of a Large Underground Opening at Great Depth", Proc. of the 17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2001), vol. 1, 277-288, June 19-22, 2001, Ankara. |
49 | K. Thuro, R.J. Plinninger, S. Zah, and S. Schutz, "Scale Effects in Rock Strength Properties. Part 1: Unconfined Compressive Test and Brazilian Test", In: Sarkka P, Eloranta J (eds.), Proc. of ISRM Regional Symposium : Eurock 2001, 169-174, June 3-7, 2001, Espoo. |
50 | J. Rutqvist, M. Chijimatsu, L. Jing, A. Millard, T.S. Nguyen, A. Rejeb, Y. Sugita, and C.F. Tsang, "A numerical study of THM effects on the near-field safety of a hypothetical nuclear waste repository-BMT1 of the DECOVALEX III project. Part 3: Effects of THM coupling in sparsely fractured rocks", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 42(5-6), 745-755 (2005). DOI |
51 | J.C. Jaeger and N.G.W. Cook, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Chapman and Hall, London (1979). |
52 | D. Martin, Preliminary assessment of potential underground stability (wedge and spalling) at Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar sites, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company Report, SKB R-05-71 (2005). |