To investigate the effect of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-mixed-Paedoksan on the recovery of exercise induced fatigue, we observed content changes of lactate, LDH, glucose, FFA as metabolic substance in the serum of rats administered these drugs just after adn 120 minutes after maximum swimming,. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Lactate was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 2. serum LDH activity was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 3. glucose was found to be increased in the rats with adiministation of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 4. FFA was found to be decreased in the rats with administation of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan,.

This study was initiated to antioxidant activity of silybin on oxidation of human low density lipoproteins(LDL). Siltbin was extracted from Silybum marianum by the combination of fractionation and it was futher purified by silica gel column chromatography, and isolated active substances were identified silybin by IR, NMR and GC-MS. siltbin inhibited the ozidation of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) mediated by 5$^{\mu}$m CU $^{2+}$ ion in a dose dependent manner. LDL oxidation by congugated dines formation was completely inhibited by silybin at a concentration of 5$^{\mu}$M. The results provide a possibility that silybin might protect LDL against oxidation in atherosclerotic lessions.

The genetic of a recently described virus, hepatitis G virus(HGV) was investigated. HGV envelope 1 (E1) nucleotide sequences isolated from six Korean hepatitis b virus-positive patients by using a reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction procedure, were analysed and compared to the seven previously reported HGV isolates. Sequence homology among the Korean isolates was 88-97% whereas among the isolates from different geographic areas was 80-92%, indicating geographical divergence of HGV. Nucleotide substitutions spread uniformly throughiut the E1 fragment. Furthermore, compared to the prototype HGV sequence, frameshift mutations were observed in most of the Korean isolating that a different translating initiation site for the polyprotein exists in the Korean type HGV.

To investigate the effect of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-mixed-Paedoksan on the recovery of exercise induced fatigue, we observed content changes of lactate, LDH, glucose, FFA as metabolic substance in the serum of rats administered these drugs just after adn 120 minutes after maximum swimming,. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Lactate was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 2. serum LDH activity was found to be decreased in the rats with administration of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 3. glucose was found to be increased in the rats with adiministation of Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan, 4. FFA was found to be decreased in the rats with administation of Ssanghwatang and Ssanghwatang-Mixed-Paedoksan,.

A considerable change observed in X-ray diffraction during the muscle contraction was that the movement of myosin head and conformational change of contractile monecules were occurred in the muscle contraction. Time slice requires tension peak after the onset of stimulation and the height of tension peak depends on the number of twitch cycle. The intensity of I$_{11}$, I$_{10}$, 143${\AA}$ reflection is measured with 5ms time resolution and is recorded in isometric tension. The peak height of I$_{11}$ and 143${\AA}$ intensity is changed after the onset of a stimulation I$_{i}$, and the length of twitch is shortened by successive twitches in the case of stimulation TI$_{i}$. On the other hand, the peak height of I$_{11}$ and 215${\AA}$ intensity starts to decrease at the 1st twitch and remains constant at low peak hight without appreciable recovery during the contraction term. In the case of uccessive twitch stimulation, the myosin heads of muscle are once moved from their resting position and never returned to their initial position.

This study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of streptozotcin(55mg/kg of body weight, I.P. injection) induced hyperglycemic rats (S.D. strain, ) fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose were significantly higher in the streptozotocin administration(I.P.) groups (group 2(streptozotcin+water), 3(streptozocin+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract), 4(streptozotocin+cholesterol+water), 5(streptozotocin+cholesterol+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract) than those in the control group(group 1(water)). Bolld glucose concentrations were rather lower in the group 3(streptozotocin+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract)than in the group 2(streptozotocin+water), and then those of the group 5 were rather lower than in the group 4. There was almost little significance among the groups. concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were lower in the group 5 than those in the group 4, and the group 3 were rather lower than in the group 2. Concentrations of LDL-cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in the group 3 than those 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentrations to total cholesterol concentrations, Gentiana scabra Bunge extract administration groups were higher percentage than the other goups. Concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum were rather lower in the groups 3,5 than the other groups, and then those of the group were higher percentage than the other groups. concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum were rather lower in the groups 3,5 than the groups, and then those of the group 3 were significantly lower than in the group 4. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in serum were decreased in the group 3 than in the other groups. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were increased in the all experimental groups than in the control group. From the above research, the Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum of streptozotcin induced hyperglycemic and hypercholosterolemic rats.

A thermophilic bacterium (strain DG0303) producing a thermostable $\alpha$-glucosidase was isolated from manure and identified as Bacillus sp. Strain DG0303 produced high level of $\alpha$-glucosidase compared with other thermophilic Bacillus strains. The cellular protein patterns were also compared with other Bacillus strains by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). On the basis of 16S rDNA analysis the Bacillus sp. DG0303 was found to be a member of Bacillus rDNA group 5. The optimum temperature for growth was 65$\circ$C and no growth was obtained at 40$\circ$C or 75$\circ$C. The optimum pH for growth was 5.5 to 8.5. $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was produced during growth and most activity was detected in the culture supernatant. The $\alpha$-glucosidase production was constitutive in the absence of carbohydrates. High level of enzyme activity was detected when the culture was grown on medium containing starch. Addition of glucose resulted in the repression of the $\alpha$-glucosidase production. The optimum pH and tempoerature for enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and 65$\circ$C, respectively. When analyzed by zymogram, the culture supernatant showed a single $\alpha$-glucosidase band with a molecular weight of approximately 60,000.

Neurokinin A(NKA) and its derivatives ([Nle$^{7}$NKA,[Leu$^{7}$NKA] were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis method using Fmoc-TFA strategy and their smooth muscle contractile activities were measured to examine the structural effect of alkyl group at the 7th amino acid NKA on the smooth muscle contractile activity. The smooth muscle contractile activity. The smooth muscle contractile activities of [Nle$^{7}$]NKA and [Leu$^{7}$]NKA were only 5.64% and 1.55%, respectively when compared with NKA. This result suggested that the more three dimensional structure of th 7th amino acid as well as the whole message segment of NKA would be necessary to show the biological activity.

Formation of adduct was studied in benzo(a)pyrene(BP)- and doxorubicin(Dx)-treated human NC-37 cells and isolated nuclei. Major adducts formed were determined by fluorescence absorption spectrophotometery and DNA-lin-ked protein assay. When isolated nuclei were exposed to carcinogens BP and DMBA, and anticancer drugs m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, varying degrees of adduct formation occured between DNA-protein complex and these drugs. When the mixture was centrifuged 1.7 M sucrose solution, binding BP and DMBA appeared to be similar between the sediment and the supernatant. When the sediment was centrifuged again with 0.35% polymin-P, the amount of BP bound was 2-fold greater in the protein(1077$\pm$55cpm) than in DNA fraction (470$\pm$20cpm), whereas that of DMBA was 1.6-fold greater in the DNA than in protein fraction. In the case of m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, the amount of binding was slightly greater in supernatant than in sediment in centrifugation with 1.7 M sucrose, and more than 3 times greater in the DNA- than in protein- fraction in centrifugation with 0.35% polymin P. DNA fractions which associated with a subset of nonhistone chromosomal protein were isolated from NC-37 cells exposed to $^{3}$H-BP and $^{14}$C-Dx. They were separated into two distince components DNA-S and DNA-P by centrifugation with 2M Nacl chromatin extraction. The results indicated that the amount of $^{3}$H-BP bound was 6.0-fold greater in DNA-P as compared with DNA-S, while that of $^{14}$C-Dx binding appreaed to be 6.2-fold greater in DNA-S than in DNA-P fraction. When $^{3}$H-BP binding wasdetermined in the presence of cold Dx, the amount of binding was reduced only in the DNA-P fraction, indicating that the interaction between DNA and protein is decreased. Gene expression by these drugs, BP treated cells were increased to compare with nomal cells but reduced by treatment with BP-Dx. These results suggest that the protein moiety which tightly bound to DNA-P fraction may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.

HPLC 및 electrospary mass spectrum으로부터 L-L dipeptide의 존제하에서 pepsin은 hexapeptide인 L-S-pNF-Nle-A-OMe를 가수분해하여 가수분해물외의 새로운 생성물을 합성하는 것이 확인되었다. 이 생성물은 254nm에서 p-nitro-Phe 잔기를 포함하는 peptide였다. 실험결과로부터 E(L-S-pNF)와 L-L 사이의 acyl transpeptidation에 의해 L-S-pNF-L-L가 생성됨을 뒷받침한다. 이러한 transpeptidation 결과는 product 저해실험에 의한 결과에 기초한 것과는 반대로 L-S-pNF가 해리되기전에 Nle-A-L-OMe가 먼저 한다는 것을 보여준다. 그리고, electrospray mass spectrum 으로부터 위에서 검출된 새로운 펩티드에 해당하는 peak (MW 636.1)을 얻었는데, 이는 새 펩티드의 생성을 확실히 증명하는 증거이다. 한편, Nle-A-L-OMe 생성에 대한 solvent isotope effect는 1.736$\pm$0.121이며 L-S-pNF는 2.28$\pm$0.184 그리고 L-S-pNF-L-L의 생성에는 inverse isotope effect로서 0.576$\pm$0.045였는데, 이는 상기 생성물 해리 순서를 확인시켜 준다. D$_{2}$에서 transpeptidation은 더 빠르기 때문에 isotopically-sensitive단계는 Nle-A-L-OMe해리후에 존재하는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 실험결과는, Rebholz and Northrop$^{1)}$ 및 Cho등의 $^{2)} iso-mechanism이론의 타당성을 제시한다.

콩나물 줄기로부터 추출, 정제한 peroxidase는 glucose oxidase와 함께 guaiacol을 기질로 사용하여 포도당의 분석에 사용되었다. peroxidase는 DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange column chromatography를 통해 얻은 분획이 조효소액에 비해 specific activity가 10.8배 증가되었고 수율은 11.3%였다. 정제된 peroxidase와 glucose oxidase를 이용한 포도당 분석의 최적 pH는 5.5였고 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며 포도당 양의 증가에 따라 효소활성은 증가되었으며 반응시간과의 관계에서도 직선을 보여 주었다. 그리고 L-cysteine과 dithiothreitol과 같은 환원제는 포도당 분석에 이용되는 glucose oxidase와 콩나물 peroxidase의 활성을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다.

식품양념으로 사용되고 있는 Polygonum hydropiper로부터 분리된 polygodial의 향진균 활성은 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4균주, Zygosaccharomyces 속의 3균주, 그리고 Aspergillus 속의 5균주를 포함하는 식품 오염균들에 대해 그 MIC와 MFC들을 측정하여 조사되었다. 모든 효모성 진균들은 $3.13{\mu}g$/ml이하의 MIC와 MFC를 갖는 강한 항진균감수성을 나타내었다. 또한 polygodial의 항진균활성에 대한 다양한 온도와 pH들의 효과가 S.cerevisiae를 대상으로 조사되었다. $4^{\circ}C$에서, polygodial의 살균활성(MFC)은 배양 시간과 함께 점진적으로 증가하여 5기간만에 최고($3.13{\mu}g$/ml의 MFC)에 도달하였다. 30-$45^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서, polygodial의 살균활성은 온도 상승에 비례적으로 증가하였으며 특히 $45^{\circ}C$에서는 $0.1{\mu}g$/ml의 농도에서도 가능하였다. 한편 배지 pH는 또한 polygodial의 항진균 활성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 중성에 비해 산성(pH 3) 및 염기성(pH 9) 배지는 polygodial의 항진균(정균 및 살균)활성을 각각 8배, 2배 상승시켰다.

본 연구는 RAPD마커를 이용, 멧누에와 집누에의 분자적 유연관계를 분석하였다. 공시한 35개의 primer에서 166개의 RAPD마커를 얻었으며, 이들 마커를 UPGMA에 의해 분석한 결과, 멧누에와 분자적 유사계수가 가장 낮은 품종은 잠305였고, 가장 높은 품종은 Bibaekjam이었다. 또한, 분자적 유사계수 0.55에서 멧누에와 집누에 계통군으로 분류되고, 0.60에서 3개의 아군 그룹과 2개의 독립개체로 분류되었다. 제1아군에는 J111(일본종계),$pnd^{ps}$(일본종계), Bibaekjam(일본종계)이, 제2아군에는 Galwon(중국종계), C18(중국종계), od yujam JAM306(중국종계), C108(중국종계)이, 제3아군에는 R-hwang(중국종계)이 포함되어 있었고, zebra(유럽종계)와 JAM305(일본종게)는 독립개체로 분류되었다.

잎 들깨 품종의 선발을 위하여 들깨 91품종의 집단에서 8개 형질에 대한 유전력 및 유전 상관을 추정하여 잎 들깨 양적 형질의 효율적 선발에 대한 유용한 정보를 얻기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였던 바 그결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유전력은 엽중, 엽면적, 엽장, 엽폭, 초장, 경직경, 마디수가 0.7311~09112로서 높았고, 1주엽수가 0.3241로서 다소 낮았다. 유전 상관은 엽중과 엽면적, 엽중과 엽장, 엽중과 엽폭, 엽중과 초장, 엽중과 경직성, 초장과 경직경, 초장과 마디수, 경직경과 마디수 사이에서 각각 +로 유의하였다. 모든 형질간의 상관관게어세 유전상관의 값이 표현형 상관의 값보다 높았다.

대두에서 종자크기와 앞 크기와의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 두 형질에서 큰 차이를 보이는 12 strain을 선택하여 half diallel mating system으로부터 만들어진 66개의 $F_2$ 분리집단을 대상으로 양 형질에 대한 관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 종자크기 (g/100 seed)는 6.7에서 43.8의 변이를 보였고, 잎의 넓이와 길이(cm)에서는 각각 5.7에서 8.6과 9.4에서 12.9의 변이를 보였다. $F_2$ 집단에서의 잎의 넓이와 길이는 고도의 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 종자 크기와 잎 크기에서도 동일한 경향을 보여, 잡종집단 및 germplasm 내에서 일반적으로 큰 잎 형질과 대립종자 형질은 고도의 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 대두 잡종집단에서나 germplasm내에서 어린 식물체를 대상으로 하는 생육초기에서 대립종자를 가진 genotype를 선발하기 위해서 큰 잎을 가진 genotype의 선발은 효과적인 수단이 될 것으로 보인다.

리그닌함량이 감소한 펄프소재의 육성을 위해 OMT유전자와 리그닌생합성 간의 관계를 2종의 포플라 수종을 이용하여 실험하였다. OMT유전자의 발현은 리그닌생합성이 가장 많이 일어나는 developing secondary xylem에서 높앗다. 이 사부조직에서의 리그닌함량의 증가는 봄에 성장을 개시할 때부터 증가하기 시작하여 8월 말 경에 가장 높았다. 이러한 리그닌의 증가는 OMT유전자의 발현 증가와 일치하였으며, 이는 OMT유전자가 리그닌생합성에서 매우 중요한 역할을 함을 나타내는 것이다.

태생 13일된 토끼의 발생기 신장에서 뇨세관과 사구체 세포들의 크기와 형태를 관찰하여 성숙한 토끼의 신장과 형태계측학적으로 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 태생 13일의 발생기 뇨세관 단면적은 성숙한 토끼의 근위세관 단면적보다 훨씬 넓고 평균직격이 길었으며 내강이 거의 없었다. 뇨세관 상피세포의 솔모양 가장자리는 발달되지 않았고 핵 위쪽에 둥근 사립체가 발달되었으며 기저막부분에는 사립체가 적었다. 2. 발생기 사구체내에는 벽측세포, 족세포, 내피세포들로 구별되었으며 성숙한 토끼보다 내피세포와 벽측세포의 세포핵 단멱적이 훨씬 컸고 성숙한 토끼의 사구체에서는 족세포가 가장 컸으나 발생기에는 내피세포의 크기가 가장 컸다.

누에, 멧누에, 천잠 및 작잠에서의 형질전환용 vector 개발을 위한 첫단계로 이미 인간을 포함한 여러 곤충에서 그 존재가 확인된 mariner transposable element가 이들 견사 곤충에 존재하는지의 여부를 탐색하기 위해서 이미 보고된Drosophila mauritiana와 Hyalophora ceropia의 mariner transposase 유전자의 고도로 보존성이 높은 부위에 대한 degenerctive primer pair를 제작하여 이들의 존재 여부를 탐색하였다. 결과적으로 예상되는 약 500bp의 PCR product가 관찰됨에 따라서 모든 견사곤충의 genome에는 maminer-like element(MLE)가 존재한다는 것을 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이미 cloning된 pBmoMAR를 probe DNA로하여 southern hybridization을 수행한 결과에서도 확인 할 수 있었으며, 각 견사층의 genome내에 high copy로 존재한다는 것을 추정할 수 있었다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과는 견사곤충에서 MLE가 vector system으로써 개발될 수 있는 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

This study was carried out to determine whether Kamihaengche-tang plus Yukmijihwang-tang (KCYH) exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced liver cell injury. Cell injurt was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, and lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation in rabbit liver slices. $H_2O_2$increased LDH release which was significantly prevented by 1% KCYHT. The protective effect of KCYH against $H_2O_2$-induced cell injury was dose-dependent in the range of 0.05-1% concentrations. Similary, KCYH inhibited $H_2O_2$ induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. When liver tissuse were exposed to Hg(0.5 mM), ALT activity in the medium and lipid erpoxidation in tissues were markedly increased. These changes were prevented by 1% KCYH. KCHY restored Hg-induced inhibition of cellular GSH content. These result indicate that KCYH exerts the protective effect oxidant-induced liver cell injury, and this effect is attributed to prevented to prevention of lipid peroxidation. These dffects may be due to an increase in concentration of endogenous antioxidants.