Proceedings of the KSR Conference (한국철도학회:학술대회논문집)
The Korean Society for Railway
- Semi Annual
Domain
- Machinery > Vehicle/Rolling Stock
- Construction/Transportation > Railway Transportation Technology
2000.11a
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relative efficiency of Korean National Railroad (KNR). Railways can be seen as multi-product firms which produced both passenger and freight transportation services. For evaluating the operational efficiencies of 23 UIC (International Union of Railways) members including KNR we use data envelopment analysis (DEA) in which multiple inputs and multiple outputs can be handled explicitly.
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This paper evaluates the efficiency of Korea National Railroad on the basis of revenues from 1980 to 1999. There was a significant inefficiency in this organization due to operating at an decreasing return to scale area. Although Korean Railroad in 1990s has made a great effort, his performance is still low. Consequently, it is important to insure substantiality of operations than to expand business area in order to finally improve the efficiency, in particular the revenue efficiency, of the Korea Railroad.
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It is hard for central and local government, constructor to decide an appropriate system any city, because there are many factors that must considered. So, we considered various factor such as capability, accessibility, usability, durability, serviceability, availability, reliability, dependability, maintainability, etc that used previous research and feasibility study. As more important factors, they should take into consideration prices, a possibility on whether or not technology is applicable for repairing or keeping the system, the localization rate, and all kinds of contracts, when deciding a system. We put in order factors and grouping for interested party. This article present almost factors that be used to decide light railway system, maybe these factor consideration will be helpful for system decider.
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This purpose of this study is two-fold, First is the forcasting the railway connection between South and North Korea. Second is the problem of the connection the lines. We analyse that the connection of transport volume is 530-620thousandTeu in 2005. And it is increased 360-410thousandTeu in 2010. Therefore, we must expand the line, and prepare the efficient CIQ procedure. Finally, we prepare the masterplan of integration railway network of South and North Korea.
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In tins paper, we outlines the pricing concept that developed over the years, and illustrates how these rules apply in practice using railway fare, price discrimination in railway travel. We review tile prospective solution of rail fare system reflecting the customer need on the decision making and consider fare design structure. Specifically, we focus on the price range using the PSM(price sensitivity measure). And set up the framework for fare structure design.
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The success of road haulage, in dominating the surface movement of freight, is now threatened by increased traffic congestion, falling average motorway speeds and rising in logistic costs. As a result, Government as well as companies, which use or operate logistics service, is now looking to rail to provide an alternative. First, we surveyed the bottlenecks and desired betterments to rail transport, which were indicated by rail and road transport users. Through the analysis of customers' needs survey. this paper is focused in the basic framework fur the rail freight transport, which could be helped to promote the efficiency associated with moving freight by rail.
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Reliable external cost must be estimated to achieve the optimal market share between transportation modes. In this paper, we determined the market share between railroad and road on the cost minimization base. The results show that optimal market share is achieved by increasing investment on railroad.
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The railway system is composed of large scale infrastructures and high-cost trains. For planning and analyzing this kind of complex system, simulation method can be used for efficient tool. In this research, we review basic simulation programming models and present a modeling for the elements of railway system such as rail-line infrastructure, train, time table and operational route. Additionally, some considerations on the development of multi-train traffic simulator for KyongBu-line are discussed.
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The crew operation scheduling problem is divided into duty generation and duty allocation. The railway crew roster scheduling(duty allocation) is developed monthly for each crew's office, considering the car types and crew's driving ability. However, it is very difficult to make schedules which assign monthly working hours to each crew evenly. The purpose of this thesis is to minimize the differences between each crew's total duty times and make a rostering table. To minimize the differences among monthly working hours of each crews are grouped according to car type and crew's driving ability and a rostering table which could be shared by the group members is developed. Our approach is to apply the techniques of Constraint Programming in order to solve such problems efficiently. This algorithm is suitable to solve optimization problems which involve many complicated constraints. And including the concept of cost, we suggested the model which enable to make the rostering table with a minimum personnel.
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This paper studied technical investigation of effective operation and methodology for technical combination in south and north korea. For harmonious transportation on railroad system, the system of trans-korea railroad investigated on each part(system, Rolling stock, Cartenary & Electricity, Signal and Track etc). Though it isn't show many difference on railroad system, we can show some difference on rolling stock, track and signaling system. For the effective and competitive operation on south and north korea, Many problem investigated and proposed alternative proposal for selecting of rolling stock(diesel or electric), track and signaling improving for speed-up and compatible system at AC and DC system.
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Tins paper is designed (ⅰ) to envisage the characteristics of high speed rail stations that will be in operation when the Seoul-Pusan line currently under construction is completed and (ⅱ) to assist policy makers in mapping out transportation strategies by providing insights into how advanced countries have handled problems under similar circumstances. Ultimately, tins paper intends to present alternatives of trans-modal systems in an attempt to set a direction for future policy making in the high speed rail sector. The alternatives recommended in tins report stress two important elements for maximized utility of high speed rail: One is to maintain consistency in transportation policies and the other is to attract consumers to the station areas.
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This paper proposes the track layout criterion for the LRT(light rail transit). All criterions established concerning dimension and performance of LRT vehicles that are three types. Types of vehices are AGT(automated guided train) steel wheel. AGT rubber tire and LIM(linear induction motor). Using theoritical approach, adaptation and validity of criterions are verified. Proposed criterions may provide a standard scheme for design and construction of the infrastructure on LRT.
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In this study, field measurements and analysis of vibration before and after the installation of continuously welded rail were performed. The vibration data obtained at the same locations before and after were analyzed to find out the characteristics of vibration level. The component of train-induced impulsive vibration at the rail joints varies depending upon the distance from the source, however mostly low frequency vibration which propagates long distance causes the problems of vibration. Even though it is expected that there may be certain degree of discrepancy in the amount of reduction in vibration depending upon site ground conditions, it was found that installation of continuously welded rail shows reduction in train-induced vibration.
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The objectives of railway construction and operation are transportation of passenger and freight safely and punctually. However, environmental effects such as noise, vibration, air pollution, underground water pollution and change of biosphere are emerged caused by train pass-bys. To avoid these adverse effects, new railway system has been developed around the world. This paper introduces LRT system and its environmental advantages. An environmental consideration for LRT design and adoptability for Korean situation are studied for the more.
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Standardization EMU in comparison with the existing EMU has been largely changed the material and section profile of the structure as the Aluminium made. This study is analytically predicted the influence of inner noise in tunnel running when the above change is made.
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It is required that the indoor-noise level of KHST (Korean high speed train) should be lower than 66 ㏈(A) at 350 km/h. In this study, the indoor-noise level of KHST has been predicted to determine the maximum allowable sound power levels of major noise sources. It is found that the indoor-noise requirement for KHST can be met by increasing the transmission losses of the floor and side-wall structures as well as by lowering the sound power levels of two major noise sources including the motor fans.
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the noise level and the noise source for domestic trains. We measured and analyzed the interior noise, the rolling noise and the engine noise at Honam line(Seodaejeon-Jangseong) for passenger and power cars. The noise level is below 69㏈A for Seamaeul PMC(Powered Motor Car) coachs, below 65㏈A for Seamaeul and Mukungwha coachs, over 80㏈A for the driver's room of PMC and diesel-electric locomotives.
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This study is about predicting the interior pressure level of the korean high speed train using ray acoustic method. The motor car and the motor and passenger cabin are investigated under the environment of passing open countryside and inside tunnel of 350 km/hr. Calculated sound levels are compared with the proposed sound levels and suggestions about the transmission Joss values of isolating panels inside motor car and the guide lines of allowed sound power limit of motor equipments are provided. Results of TPI car show calculated interior sound level is below the proposed values for both cases of open countryside running and inside tunnel. Since ray acoustic method calculated only air borne noise component, real sound level of the motor car may be higher than prediction. Passenger cabins of TMI, TM5 show higher sound level than the proposed values, so window method was carried out to find the contribution of each panel components and point out the remedy of transmission path. Reduction of sound power of motor equipments should be condisered at the same time.
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A Development on integration of Railroad System and Production of Proto multiple type vehicle, which can run without change of vehicle or Bogie under running conditions of every countries, are needed for the transportation between. Asia and Europe. An integration of Railroad System will benefit not only the transportation costs but also the time drastically, which is very meaningful for the modern international trading.
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The Main objective of the study is to find out the basic running condition of KNR EMUs since the results can be useful in designing new EMUs. We had investigated the average annual mileages and decrepit levels. After that, we performed stress analysis for the carbody when uniformly distributed vortical loads due to the weight of the car body and passengers were applied to the underframes, in order to find out the most critical sections of the underframes and the effect of corrosion on the underframe strength.. Upon performing stress analysis, we carried out running tests of EMUs on the conventional line to measure dynamic stresses applied to the underframes.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the train seat dimensions suitable for keeping comfortable postures. We designed a special experimental seat of which the lengths and angles are adjustable separately. Seat dimensions keeping subjects comfortable were measured for the restricted posture and the extended posture. The significant differences of dimensions fur two postures were analyzed, and the differences were found on backrest-seatpan angles, length of backrest and so on. The dimension differences fur the levels of height and weight were also found out. Some dimensions were correlated with subjects' height and weight..
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시트 커버 직물은 철도차량 내부 인테리어와 실내를 구성하며, 시각적으로 커버 직물의 디자인 요소 중 패턴과 쾌적한 커버지가 철도차량에 대한 전체적인 이미지를 형성하게 된다. 본 연구는 한국인의 감성에 따른 시트 패던 디자인과 쾌적한 시트 커버 직물의 요건을 제시하고자 한다. 디자인 분석체계는 패턴 디자인의 최소단위를 Pattern Primitive(PP), 최소 반복 단위를 Repealed Pattern Unit(RPU)로 개념화하여 분류하여 파악한다. 또한 쾌적하고 안락한 시트를 위해서 착석 상태에서의 열수분 전달특성과 직물의 발수도, 일광견뢰도, 마찰견뢰도, Q-max, 공기투과도, 마찰대전압 등 물리적 특성을 비교한다.
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This study was executed to investigate the components making passenger satisfied or unsatisfied for the domestic train seats, and the patterns of the behavior that passenger taking in the train. These results would help in developing the high-speed train seat that adapts the Korean body structure and emotion. This investigation was done for 436 persons who taking in Saemaeul, Mukungwha, Tongil train during the January 1998. In addition subjective evaluations for texture properties, color, and pattern of the seat covers were investigated for 32 subjects in the lab under the controled condition in order to find to which one Korean prefer. The result shows that it is important to enhance the ride quality, and for coverage passenger prefers the soft texture, blue tone color, and abstract pattern.
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본 연구는 '선도기술개발사업' 중 최고운행속도 350㎞의 한국형 고속전철 시스템개발 및 관련 핵심기술 확보를 사업 목표로 하는 '한국형 고속전칠 기술개발 사업' 연구과제의 하나로 수행된 과제이며, 한국형 고속전철에 적용하기 위한 한국인의 정서와 체형에 적합한 한국형 경량 Seat 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 경량 Seat 개발을 위한 기초기술 연구로서 인간공학적 Seat 설계기술 개발, 경량 소재 개발, 구조물 접합기술 개발, 난연소재 개발, A/V 내장기술 개발 등의 연구를 수행하였고, 그 결과를 토대로 하여 경량 Seat의 Prototype 설계와 검증을 실시하였으며, Mock Up Seat를 제작하였다.
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It is absolutely important to design passenger seat so that train passengers can satisfy because passenger seat is one of the most important parts in tile determination of passenger's satisfaction for train.. So, it is necessary to consider passengers' characteristics, requirements, and dissatisfactions in seat design. However, passengers' dissatisfactions for the seat of Mugunghwa-ho train have been often raised through various routes. It is necessary to resolve their dissatisfactions to provide comfortable trip to passengers. So, we designed a seat of new Mugunghwa-ho train that resolved passengers' dissatisfactions. Our focusing design parts were the seat pan and the backrest of passenger seat. We investigated passengers' dissatisfactions for the seat of Mugunghwa-ho train through various methods and the human factors design guidelines of passenger seat through literature survey. We designed a new seat on the basis of investigated results. For newly designed seat, we evaluated comfort, sensible satisfaction, and fitness in comparison with the existing seat. An experimental method and a subjective method were used in this evaluation. In all aspects, new seat was superior to the existing.
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This study is to develop a Fe-based disc brake lining with sponge structure for rolling stock of 150km/h train and to concept design with 3 groove type for brake disc reducing hot hair-crack and certainly friction coefficient. The developing brake lining would be to presumption of saving 300 million won during one year
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The friction stir welding technique is a derivative of conventional friction welding, which enables the advantages of solid-phase welding to be applied to the fabrication of long butt and lap joints, with very little postweld distortion. Friction stir welding is a remarkable new welding technique for joining aluminum alloys and has the potential for welding other ferrous materials. It has already been developed beyond a laboratory curiosity and has been proved as a potential practical welding technique offering low-distortion, high-quality, low-cost welds from simple concept machine tool welding equipment. To bring this remarkable method of welding aluminum alloys to the attention of Industry, this article introduces the basic principle of friction stir welding, pointing out the practical advantages and most important of all, describes the exceptionally good metallurgical and mechanical properties.
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The most important technology to improve crashworthiness of high speed trains is to design their front structures to absorb crash energy easily. In this paper, crashworthy designs of the front structures in KTX and KHST are compared by numerical simulation under SNCF accident scenario. Furthermore, to evaluate their crashworthiness tinder a typical real situation, the power cars are simulated for the accident collided against a deformable dump truck of 15 tons at 110 kph. The front structure of KHST, finally designed, shows a good crashworthy characteristics. Finally, the impact strength of coupling components is evaluated by analyzing a consist of the front three KHST units under scenario of train-to-train collision at 30 kph.
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This experimental study is shows speed-up possibility for the conventional railway vehicle. We appraise derailment coefficient then increase the velocity of the kyungbu line, honam line, changhang line, kyungjeon line.
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The speed-up of conventional trains is considered as one of the efficient methods to relieve traffic jam and to increase the capacity of transportation. In this study, we measured and analyzed the ride comfort of a push-pull Saemaeul Train with speed-up of 5km/h in curves and 10km/h on straight tracks as compared with present operation speed of the push-pull Saemaeul Trains. Four main lines-Honam, Kyungboo, Janghang, Kyungjeon- were chosen as representative lines for speed-up feasibility study. The increase of mean ride comfort index in case of speed-up is 0.5-2㏈. The mean ride comfort index of vertical direction in case of speed-up is 107-110㏈ for Honam line, 104-112㏈ for Kyungboo line, 108-112㏈ for Janghang line and 105-108㏈ for Kyungjeon line, which are rather high as compared with German trains of similar grade with maximum vehicle speed of 160km/h.
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Development of Test method and Evaluation technology of reduction gearbox for Korea High-speed TrainThis study is to establish test method and evaluation technology of drive system appropriate to high speed train. The transmission system of high speed train serve in the severe condition compared with those of other trains, namely, they have to transmit high power to run with high speed and they have to make maximum use of the limited space. This paper reports the reviews and results for the test and evaluation method of reduction gearbox for high speed train and discusses various test items and methods about assembly and parts of gearbox transmission.
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The carbody of the Korean Rubber Tired AGT is small size and light weight comparing to existing electric railcars. For this reasons, car shape and arrangement of major equipments are limited. AGT is newly adopted mass transportation system in Korea. Therfore, it should be desined to appeal to passengers and create new passenger demand. To achieve this goal, the design concept of carbody is to be new design to coincide with passengers emotions. In this regard, we tried to meet this trends through manufacturing of scaled models and being
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A number of variables and environment are concerned for the basic design of train. The design of train ran be optimized by the ruining simulation. And using the simulation result the consuming energy, regenerating power, adhesion coefficient, train traction control capacity are respectable. Considering these variables and for more information operating time, operating period, standard velocity and limit speed, the all factors of train are optimized. The light-tail tram is mainly divided into linear motor train, road surface train, iron wheel train and rubber tire train, and the most profitable one for adhesion coefficient is rubber tire train and the train will be designed.
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In this paper, the dynamics of automated guideway transit vehicles with rubber tires are studied. Two different AGT models are considered: the bogie system and the steering system . It is found that the bogie system is stable at all possible operating speeds, whereas it is not true fur the steering system. To investigate the dynamic stability of steering systems, the critical speeds are investigated and the dynamics of the closed-loop steering control system are numerically simulated.
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Slab guideway, surface treatment, heat line installation, and joint connection for Automated Guideway Transit with rubber tire are researched. While the AGT with rubber tire is constructed in city, the precast slab guideway must be considered a reduction of the construction period and the noise under construction. which related with environment. To do that, a basic design and the structural analysis for the precast slab guideway with rubber tire are studied. The surface treatment and the heat line installation of that are also compared with currently used methods. Tining method is applied to the surface treatment adopted from the concrete pavement application currently in use. The connection method between the slab of bridge and precast guideway are suggested with a bolt type and a bond type. To minimize noise and vibration of the connection while the AGT is in driving, the slop connection method can be enhanced the serviceability.
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In this study the basic direction of conceptual design of new HSR(High Speed Railway) slab track was determined in the viewpoint of running safety, economic efficiency and maintenance costs. Based on the research results, a detailed conceptual design of HRS slab track is suggested. For the systematic development of slab track, a comparative study is carried out, comparing merits and demerits of each slab type, and used in the design process of slab track. To compensate the demerits of high cost in slab track construction, a program for determination of efficient slab section is coded and applied.
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In this paper, the process of development of resilient sleepers, which improves the train safety, passenger comport and reduces the noise and vibration, is discussed. To determine the required material properties of elastic pad, static and dynamic simulations are performed and is applied in manufacturing. From the experiment results, it is investigated that the displacement is less for sleeper with elastic pad than that in ordinary PC form. The rate of displacement is also shown In be less for the sleeper with elastic pad. These results indicate that the elastic pad can reduce possibility of rail-corrugations and thus resulting in the reduction of maintenance costs.
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본 연구는 국내 독자기술의 절대적 빈곤속에서 외국기술에만 의지하는 레일체결장치의 국내 현실을 탈피하기 위하여 독자적인 한국형 레일체결장치 개발을 시도하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 판 스프링은 제외하고 봉 스프링(coil spring)에 대해서만 우선적으로 시제품을 개발하였다. 세계적으로 유명한 체결장치의 장ㆍ단점을 분석하여 장점만을 취하고자 하는 설계 목적을 가지고 새로운 레일체결장치의 개발에 착수하였다. 본 장치의 개념설계를 통하여 유지보수성과 안전성을 동시에 확보할 수 있도록 하였다. 현재 장치의 모형제작을 통하여 조립성 및 가능성을 타진하였으며 전산응력해석을 통하여 체결 스프링 및 숄더의 적정치수를 산정 하였다. 본 연구는 국내에서 본격적인 체결장치개발의 시초가 되기를 희망한다.
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The substructure of Light Rail Transit is mainly built on elevated structure that is composed of pier, girder and bridge deck. The bridge deck mostly has been made by field formed reinforced concrete so far. The objectives of the study are to find a method for design and construction of the new bridge deck. I-beam is fabricated to make grid and concrete is poured on it at factory. This type can be used for maintenance of duty line by advantages such as good quality control and short construction time.
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Crack behavior of steel fiber concrete(SFC) and reinforced steel fiber concrete(RSFC) specimens has been experimentally and analytical investigated. Clack behavior of RSFC beams influenced by longitudinal reinforcement ratio, volume and type of steel fiber, strenth of concrete. It can be observed from experimental result that addition of steel fiber to concrete specimen reduce crack width and increases stiffness, and thus enhances the behavior in serviceability limit states also high cyclic loading
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In the design of plate girder web panels, it is required to evaluate accurately the elastic buckling strength under pure shear, pure bending and combined bending and shear. Currently, elastic buckling coefficients of web panels stiffened by transverse intermediate stiffeners are determined by assuming conservatively that web panels are simply supported at the juncture between the flange and web. However, depending upon the geometry and the properties of the plate girder bridge, upper juncture between the flange and web can be assumed as fixed because concrete deck prevents the rotational displacement of upper flange. In the present study, a series of numerical analyses based on finite element modeling is carried out to investigate the effects of the concrete deck, and the resulting data are quantified in simple equations.
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Design criteria of precast prestressed concrete bridge are analysed and design mettled is systemized. As a result. analysis and design program is developed. Parametric study and economic analysis are accomplished. and data base do design section is developed.
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For the general case of loading conditions and boundary conditions, it is very difficult to obtain closed form solutions for buckling loads and natural frequencies of thin-walled structures because its behaviour is very complex due to the coupling effect of bending and torsional behaviour. In consequence, most of previous finite element formulations are introduce approximate displacement fields to use shape functions as Hermitian polynomials, and so on. The Purpose of this study is to presents a consistent derivation of exact dynamic stiffness matrices of thin-walled straight beams, to be used ill tile free vibration analysis, in which almost types of boundary conditions are exist An exact dynamic element stiffness matrix is established from governing equations for a uniform beam element of nonsymmetric thin-walled cross section. This numerical technique is accomplished via a generalized linear eigenvalue problem by introducing 14 displacement parameters and a system of linear algebraic equations with complex matrices. The natural frequency is evaluated for the thin-walled straight beam structure, and the results are compared with analytic solutions in order to verify the accuracy of this study.
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This paper represents the results carried out to determine the dynamic response characteristics of Korea High Speed Rail(KHSR) bridges. The responses of the KHSR bridges subjected to the moving train loading are obtained through the simplified method for the 2-dimensional train/track/bridge interaction analysis in which the eccentricity of axle loads and the effect of the torsional forces acting on the bridge are included for the more accurate train/track/bridge interaction analysis. The results of the analyses are compared with the field test data to verify the performance of the 2-dimensional train/track/bridge interaction analysis method.
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본 논문에서는 지진 발생시, LRB가 설치된 교량의 시간이력 해석을 수행하였다 이를 위해 LRB의 비선형 거동특성을 Bi-linear로 모형화 하였으며, 기존의 방법인 등가선형으로 모형화된 해석결과와 비교하였다. 또한 LRB받침만 설치된 경우와, LRB받침과 일반탄성받침이 함께 사용된 경우를 해석하여, 받침이 혼합된 경우, 상시하중과 지진하중시 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 검토하였다. 4경간 연속교량에 적용된 해석결과를 보면, LRB만을 설치한 경우, Pot-Bearing만 설치된 경우에 .비해, 고유주기 상승과 이력감쇠에 의한 지진력의 감소와 함께, 지진력의 효과적인 분배를 볼 수 있었으며, 일반탄성받침과의 적절한 조합에 의해서도, 충분한 면진성능을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 LRB의 등가선형 모델이 Bi-linear 모델에 비해 보수적인 해석결과를 나타내었다.
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The purpose of present study is to investigate for reducing pressure fluctuations in tile case of installing tile air-shafts on the side wall of the tunnel with small cross-sectional area on conventional line. Experiments were performed with a 1/61-scale moving model rig for the tunnel of 0.764km length in the condition of tunnel cross-section area of 28 ㎡ According to the results, the maximum pressure fluctuation is reduced by 45% for 19 air-shafts. This results have the speed-up effects of about 33.4km/h for the train running in tunnel.
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There are many tunnels located apart short distance from each other in mountainous country like Korea. Serial tunnels are connected by snow shelter in many cases. This study presents some countermeasures against micro pressure wave at tile tunnel exit using snow shelter. Through 1/60 scale model laboratory test. we find that snow shelter with 3.6m slit and slit cover show the effect of reducing the micro pressure wave to about 60.5%.
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There are three examples of noise reduction test by rail welding. One of them is tested at electric car running area and another is tested at expansion joint and long welded rail and the third is tested at open deck bridge. We can know from the result that the noise reduction effect of rail welding is very different to the type of track and the car. The condition of the test has some differences, but it may be useful reference of noise reduction.
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In order to evaluate the stability of railway embankment under rainfall, explanatory variables and subordinate variables wet-e selected for multivariate analysis. Furthermore the site which had occurred failure due to rainfall was investigated, and by executing multivariate analysis for 121 cases, critical rainfall was defined by the case that had high value of correlation factor. The maximum hourly rainfall during 24 hours before failure caused the collapse of railway embankment and could be used estimate the stability of railway embankment. From the result of application to a collapse example, the evaluation method by critical rainfall curve is satisfactory.
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The strength properties of Light-Weighted Soils(LWS) mixed with Expanded Polystrene(E.P.S.) using uniaxial and triaxial tests are studied. Test results show that when the initial water contents of dredged soils are under 135% and the cement contents are above 1%, Light-Weight Soils are in the appropriate strength range of 2.0 lo 4.0kg/
$\textrm{cm}^2$ . However. E.P.S. contents had a little effects on the strength properties of LWS. -
In this study, the evaluation for utilization of waste landfill was performed by field test to use waste landfill as construction site(Nangido in Seoul). The site where dynamic compaction test was carried out was divided by 4 yards. Yard 1, 2 were not eliminated widening of cover soil and Yard 3, 4 were eliminated it. Dynamic Compaction Pilot Test was carried out by the 15ton heavy tamper with drop height of 20m in Yard 1, 3 and with drop height of 15m in Yard 2, 4 We evaluated the compaction ability, optimum compaction number and noiseㆍvibration through field test, monitoring. To make use of waste landfill as a construction site, The dynamic compaction method is suitable for using in waste landfill as a construction site among the ground improvement methods.
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The whole track system is designed and maintained to provide satisfactory geometry. Renewal and collection decisions are often governed by track irregularities. To provide cost-effective track to meet in the need in the future it is essential to be able to improve the methods by which the performance of the track is monitored and to have reliable methods for prediction and planning. This paper develops computer-aided system for analysis and management of track irregularities. The main objective is to collect and monitor track irregularities for each conventional line to be used as an aid in making decisions on track correction and renewal. The final decision especially on track renewal, however, always be a decision made by man and not by computer-aided system.
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This paper estabilsh the systematical scheme that evaluates the operation frequencies of the MTT(Multiple Tie Tamper). An evaluation of the operation frequencies, covering 4 different permanent ways that are Kyungbu, Homan, Jungang and Youngdong, has been carried out using real track irregularities. The deterioration rate of track irregularities used to evaluate rational operation frequencies of MTT in a block of railway track. Furthermore, this paper provides the scheme that prevents damage due to excess using of MTT and to promote efficiency of MTT application.
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Before the complete construction of new high-speed line between Seoul and Pusan, KTX is going to operate on both new high-speed line between Seoul and Daegu and electrified conventional lines between Daegu and Pusan. Then, the wheels of KTX are going to operate on various rails such as KS50N and KS60 of conventional line as well as UIC60 of high-speed line. Also, conventional line will have a mixed traffic mode with various types of trains operating on it, such as Saemaul and Mugunghwa. Hence, this study reviews the wear phenomena of wheels and rails in geometrical point of view by comparing their profiles. The analyses of the results show that because UIC60 rail is designed for KTX, KS50N rail whose profile is similar to that of UIC60 will not have any impact on the shape of wheel wear. On the other hand, KS60 rail is expected to have partial wear on both the flange of KTX wheel and the gauge corner of the rail in the initial stages. However, the operation of the trains whose wheels have 1/20 conicity will cause partial sidewear on the inside of the rail and the movement of the contact point between KTX wheel and the rail toward the inside of the track. As a result, the flange wear of KTX wheel will be reduced and the formation of wear-equilibrium profile will be faster.
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This paper establishes a scheme to estimate track quality using standard deviation and deterioration rate of track irregularities. To provide index of quality, standard deviation and deterioration rate of track irregularities are analyed. As an index, standard deviation and deterioration rate were applied to decision of corrective maintenance and replacement maintenance, respectively. Further, this paper proposes a basic scheme for a modernization of mechanize track maintenance that using MTT(Multiple Tie Tamper) and Ballast Cleaner.
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This study proposes the integrity evaluation of bogie frame using ultrasonic waves-fractography analysis. Analysis objectives in this study are to investigate fracture planes of damaged zone by the A-scan method. The surface condition of fracture plane shows degree of degradation by stress concentration. The detection of the natural defects in bogie frame is performed using the characteristics of echodynamic pattern in ultrasonic signal. Results of ultrasonic testing agree fairly well with those of actual fracture plane. In quantitative fractography analysis, microstructures of actual fracture plane turned out to be intergranular and transgranular fracture, Proposed ultrasonic-fractography analysis in this study can be used for the integrity evaluation of the bogie frame
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An air spring was accepted for rail vehicle secondary suspension to reduce and absorb tile vibration and the noise. The air spring for the electric railway was developed with domestic technology, which consisted of a cord reinforced rubber bellows, a upper plate, a lower plate and a stopper rubber spring The fatigue test was conducted in laboratory by using servo hydraulic fatigue testing system to verify the durability. And to guarantee the adaptation of this air spring, the ride comfort and the air pressure variation were measured in train test on Boondang line.
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Like other vehicles, the suspension elements of railway rolling stock have influence on running stability and ride quality. Thus, faults detection for suspension elements is important to prevent an accidents of train and to ensure safety against derailment. This study was started to grasp the feasibility of diagnostic method for the suspension elements of bogie without disassembling. Through several tests by running test rig, we found that fault detection for suspension elements was possible. Here, we describe some results.
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The freight wagon with weld fabricated 1-piece bogies, which was developed to increase operating speed, reveals its difficulties in maintenance. The weld-fabricated bogies were composed of two-stage coil spring and dry friction damping mechanism. The inborn wear parts and rather complicated structure mattes bogie maintenance difficult. In order to relieve this difficulties, the application of maintenance free rubber suspension is proposed by bogie maunfacturer, Taeyang Precision Limited. This study was conducted to determine design parameters of proposed rubber suspension by means of vehicle dynamic simulation and parametric study. The target critical speed of bogie was set over 150km/h for the preparation of further speed-up of freight wagon.
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This study was carried out about the design and FEM analysis of articulated Trailer car with aluminum bodyshell for Korean High Speed Train of maximum operating speed of 350㎞/h. The integral design by extra-long extruded sections made possible through the use of aluminium alloys and continuous window shape with skin were adopted in the design of aluminium bodyshell. Articulated structures in each trailer's end were bolted laterally on end structure. FEM analysis showed that the design satisfied the specified load criteria. This study describes process and result of development of aluminum trailer bodyshell for KHST.
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The shape of the KHST, and of the power car in particular, is largely determined by aerodynamic considerations. At high speeds, air resistance accounts for the major part of overall resistance to forward motion. Further points to be considered are environmentally undesirable acoustic phenomena and pressure waves. Minimizing power requirements and environmentally-unfriendly noise and pressure waves are thus major objectives in the development of the KHST. When deciding on the aerodynamic design of the power car, the entire train set has to be taken into consideration. This paper describes the design process and results about the front shape of the KHST.
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The tunnel booming noise generated by a train moving into a tunnel has been one of the most serious constraints in the development of the high-speed trains. It is well known that the nose shape of the train has the significant influence on the intensity of the booming noise. In this study, the nose shape has been optimized by using the response surface methodology and the axi-symmetric compressible Euler equations. The parametric studies are also performed with respect to the slenderness ratio, the blockage ratio and the train speed to investigate their sensitivities to the optimization results. The results show that it is possible to define more general design space by introducing the Hicks-Henne shape functions, resulting in the more effective nose shape than that of Maeda. The mechanism and the aspects of the train-tunnel interaction were also investigated from the results of the parametric study.
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Numerical simulation is conducted to clarify the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of HVAC(Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) for Mugunghwa passenger car. The HVAC system is installed under the floor of carbody. This new HVAC system has a lot of merits in respect of the center of gravity of carbody, flow induced noise and reduction of condensation water etc. The standard k-epsilon turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm based on finite volume method are used to solve the physical HVAC model. To assure convergence, QUICK scheme for momentum equation and the first order upwind scheme for turbulent equations are used. From the results of simulation, the temperature and velocity magnitude are also distributed uniformly in the interior of car.
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Experimental study is conducted to clarify pressure variation of the passenger cabin of conventional train. These pressure variation may give rise to the ear-discomfort. Generally ear-discomfort has been considered as a problem related to high speed train. Because there is also a good progress to speed-up for conventional line, this isn't only a phenomena related to high speed train any longer. In this study, tile pressure variation of interior, gangway and exterior of saemaeul passenger car is measured using the atmospheric pressure sensors in Honam line. From the results of experiment, the pressure variation per second almost close in upon the limitation in the case of Noryong tunnel. Therefore, to accomplish speed-up for conventional train, it may be necessary to study a serial ventilating and the airtightness of carbody.
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Characteristics of local vibration modes of a corrugated panel are investigated by finite element analysis and modal testing. Structural modification model in the corrugation is proposed to increase the resonance frequency. This model decreases the fall by the local resonance in the transmission loss of the corrugated pallet and improves sound insulation performance. Damping effect of tile foam filled ill tile core cavity is also estimated by experiment The results of tile study offer useful information how to predict the severe local resonances in corrugations and how to prevent their undesirable effect ell the sound insulation and the vibration transmission.
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전차선로 가선재료에는 순수구리로 이루어진 전차선, 카드뮴이 포함된 조가선, steel과 Al의 이종금속으로 이루어진 ACSR이 있고 이들 재료는 산성비와 같은 부식환경에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 다양한 부식환경에서의 이들 재료의 부식특성 및 부식속도를 규명하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다 이에 본 실험에서는 pH, 용존산소 및 염소이온의 영향을 동전위분극시험, 선형분극시험, 교류임피던스시험 및 갈바닉시험 등의 전기화학적 분석기법을 통해 가선재료의 부식거동 및 부식속도를 조사하였다. 실험 결과 카드뮴이 함유된 재료의 부식저항성이 순수구리로 이루어진 재료에서의 부식저항성보다 낮은 것을 확인하였고, 염소이온이 내식성을 감소시킨다는 것을 관찰하였으며, 갈바닉시험 결과 산성용액에서 염소이온을 첨가하였을 경우 steel의 높은 갈바닉부식 전류밀도를 ZRA 법을 통해 확인하였다.
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A study on Technical Specifications of the current collection system in G7 Korean High Speed Train Project is performed in this paper. First, an appropriate level of contact wire tension for 350km/h commercial operation is proposed based on the foreign high speed train operation experiences and a relevant technical criterion, Second, two optimized design specifications of the pantograph for G7 Korean High Speed Train are proposed based on current collection quality. In order to perform design optimization, a formulation on the follow-up characteristics of a pantograph with 3 levels of masse-spring-damper is derived in this paper. Dynamic design parameters of the pantograph are adjusted to maximize follow-up capability at the dropper and span passing frequencies.
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It is necessary to perform a study on the interrace between a G7 pantograph and a KTX catenary system prior to G7 on-line tests in the Korea High Speed Test Track in order to predict how high current collection quality can be obtained during the on-line tests and check if safety problems shall be caused b)Y the tests or not. According to the simulation results, current collection quality of the G7 pantograph at 350km/h is lower than that of a GPU pantograph at 300km/h, but the contact wire uplifts and average contact forces are within the safe-zone. In addition, the ratio of running speed (350km/h) to safe running. Therefore, the G7 on-line tests at 350km/h in the Korea High Speed Test Track is expected not to cause the safety problem.
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This paper is designed for the identification system of the train using RFID(radio Frequency Identification) in the 134.2㎑. The reader of transmitter transmits an interrogation signal to the tag, then the tag of receiver retransmits the defined data to the reader after receiving the interrogation signal from it. The system is also applied to the reflection communication as a backscatter modulation and selected the passive Pouter system which does not need an active electrical power device. It is useful that ore can effectively manage and control of the information of train such as materials loaded in the train. We make the reader of the identification system for the train which can communicate with the tag installed under the train.
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ATC/ATO/TWC System is the used for the train operation instead of drivels. It is interfaced with train, train equipment, wayside facilities. In this paper described configuration signaling system, construction of signaling system software and structure of system safety. This paper describes the method of performing automatic driving by ATC/ATO/TWC. Also, reported test result for mainline static test and mainline running test.
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This paper describes a safety program plan of the LRT(Light Rail Transit) project. The SPP is a management document that describes the system safety objectives and how they will achieved so it embodies principles, methods and 1)lattices commonly used in the transit industry. In a Preliminary Hazard Analysis phase, the hazard analysis of collision and derailment is carried out. In this paper we make a definition of hazard that hazard is consist of an inner part(means a reliability) and an outer part(means a fire, flood and earthquake). Also safety principles for infrastructure, stations, electric traction system, railway control of system and train are performed.
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Communication Based Train Control System supports the easy maintenance & management and also have the capability to send more informations than the existing one but is less expensive. Tolerance against fault/failure and reliable data transmission are very important issues with this system since it has the responsibility of man's safety. In this paper, we suggested the schemes to support the reliable transmission quality and fault safety. Also we verified through simulation.
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This study is concerned with analysis and reliability evaluation of LV circuit in Cab Cubicle system which controls train to keep safety in High Speed Train. LV circuit is operated with diagnosis system as safety system. In this paper, we suggest a design and an implementation method to analyze LV circuit or trace fault area in LV circuit. This simulator uses 28 package modules and examines input and output by equations. So, user can trace where is fault area. The implemented system can be expected to be useful for long term test and evaluation of circuit in high speed train systems. We expect reduction to diagnosis area or repair time by this simulator.
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This paper presents a mettled to reduce the number of conductors of catenary system for estimating line constants. Conductors of a catenary system are grouped and reduced. For example, the model representing the contact and the messenger conductors with a single equivalent conductor is. probably more realistic than assuming the two conductors completely separated, since they are generally connected by droppers every few meters. Therefore, this paper shows the method to reduce the number of conductors using electric circuit theory. To verify the results, we compared the equivalent line constants obtained by proposed method with those obtained by measurement.
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This paper presents a mettled to obtain line constants for a catenary system. To find them, voltages, currents and power factors according to frequencies were measured in short circuit and open circuit respectively. And front the measured data, resistances, inductances and capacitances were also calculated.
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The catenary system supported by the tunnel bracket which has been used uniquely in KNR was selected as the catenary inside narrow existing tunnel in the electrification of Kyeung-Bu Line for operation of Korea High Speed Train(KTX). It was demanded to judge the maximal operable speed of KTX in this catenary system to implement the planning. To do this, the tunnel bracket was firstly tested to obtain the characteristic data. The stiffness of this bracket are computed depending on the location which catenary installed on. Moreover, the catenary using tunnel bracket is modelled numerically respecting the bracket stiffness. Based on these, the dynamics between this catenary and KTX pantograph are simulated with the program developed by ourselves independently. The simulation result are evaluated according to the generally acceptable criteria. Consequently, the maximal operable speed of KTX in the catenary using KNR(Korean National Railroad) tunnel bracket is predicted and some items which are needed to be kept in the processing of implementation are drawn.
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In these days, SNCF replace the connector wire (M-T type) with a dropper has a equivalent role and function of the one in general lines of TGV, and change the connector wire (T-T-M-M-T-T, T-T-M-M-T type, etc) into a New one has more flexible cable in parallel lines (air section air joint, etc) of TGV. The Connector wire has many problems according to a flow of excessive circulation current (or traction current) and a sudden rise of temperature on catenary when electric locomotive is running in high speed. To solve the question at issue of the connector wire in high speed railway catenary system of Fiance, SNCF return their operating experience in TGV lines to design and execution of catenary system Therefore, we have to deal with the question in design and execution of catenary system for kyoungbu HSR line because we will spend a lot of time and more money for maintenance than for construction of that.
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TCMS(Train Control & Management System) control monitor and test the main on-board equipments including propulsion/brake unit by the serial transmission line. TCMS reduces interface circuits and number of train lines by the software logic and utilizing serial communication method. This paper describes the method of powering and braking control by TCMS software logic, and the software logic is verified by running test at Seoul Subway Line# 6. By running test result, we can see TCMS successfully control Powering/Braking of train
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EMU Traction Control System has been largely relied on foreign technology until now. In this time, this system is developed by own local technology according to national technology development policy during 3 years. In this paper, the new developed Traction Control System of EMU and its testing results are introduced. The Traction Control System is consisted latest IGBT switching elements and its traction control algorithm is realized by the state-of-the-art technology, vector control. The system is fully tested in various conditions and the quality is well verified in those tests.
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This paper describes the full load test results of IGBT VVVF inverter for the railway propulsion system. The 1,650kVA IGBT VVVF inverter has been developed. Therefore, the field test is performed in SMG 6 Line to confirm its the reliability and performance. The train consists of 4M4T(4 Motor car 4 Trailer Car) and the electrical equipment for field test are as follows VVVF inverter 4 sets, 16 traction motors and 2 SIVs. The propulsion system is composed with IC4M(1-Controller 4-Motors). The results of propulsion system which have the excellent acceleration/deceleration and the jerk characteristics as well as starting ability on slope are taken through the field test.
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Designing of the squirrel cage AC Traction Motor has many difficulties which has to be small size in order to be suitable into bogie frame, high efficiency and light weight. It means that induction motor for tractive purpose has to be different magnetic and electric loading ratio from industrial induction motor. This paper is devoted to an examination of how this ratio affects overall design concept and hence the main design points for traction motor. Also studied is tile changed coefficients of the magnetic and electric loading ratio squirrel cage induction motor for the traction purpose which has been already identified from tile reference book for industrial purpose induction motor.
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In this paper we present a new vector control scheme for induction motor. An exact knowledge of the rotor flux position is essential for a high-performance vector control. The position of the rotor flux is measured in the direct scheme or estimated in the indirect schemes. Since the estimation of the flux position requires a priori knowledge of the induction motor parameters, the indirect schemes are machine parameter dependent. The rotor resistance and stator resistance among the parameters change with temperature. Variations in the parameters of induction machine cause deterioration of both the steady state and dynamic operation of the induction motor drive. Several methods have been presented to minimize the consequences of parameter sensitivity in indirect scheme. In this paper new estimation scheme of rotor flux position is presented to eliminate sensitivity due to resistance change with temperature. Simulation results are used to verify the performance of the proposed vector control scheme.
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This study presents an approach to model and to analyse traction power feeding system focused on the amplification of harmonic current. Through the research we can conclude the following: - The resonance frequency is not depend on the location of vehicle. The magnification of harmonic is, however, a function of the position of a train. - The resonance frequency is lower as catenary length is longer.
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This paper describes the capacity calculation of power supply system for light Rail Transit Three factors are considered for the design i.e. substation arrangements, line configuration and substation power capacity. In this study, we considered all of them for capacity calculation of power supply system for LRT. At first DC-fed-traction system is introduced on an outline, a characteristics of train and fed network, and design method of substation arrangements. Optimal design procedures are described, and program for capacity calculation of the system is presented. In addition, the computer simulated results are computed with the conventional simple calculation method.
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This study is carried out using a circuit model approach. First, the self and shunt impedances of all the conductors in the rail system and the mutual impedances between different conductors are computed. Then, a circuit representing the both rail systems at interfaces including the rails, feeders, protection wires, contact wires, ground wires is built. Auto-transformers in the system are also represented in the circuit model. The circuit model is then 1]recessed using a circuit solver based on a double-elimination method. Several different scenarios are analyzed, including the load conditions and a few fault conditions with different fault locations. The effect of the buried ground wires is also analyzed by comparing the results with and without the presence of the ground wires. The analysis procedure presented in the paper demonstrated an accurate way of computing fault current distribution and EMC at interfaces between both systems. The results presented in the paper can be used as a reference for estimating interference levels in similar rail systems.
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This paper presents a new algorithm to analyze a train voltages of multi-trains in auto-transformer-fed AC railway systems, using electrical equivalent change. The train current will be divided into circulation and return currents, and these current values are the same. By evaluating each current independently, the result will be more precise. The train current flows through the all auto-transformer corresponding to track impedance. In analyzing the railway system, the algorithm is based on the K.C.L, K.V.L, superposition and circuit separation method. Multi-train's voltages are determined by calculating the catenary voltage at each train's position and adding up these train's voltage drop. Case studies use a field operational data, show that tile proposed method is easily applied.
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The advance of traction motor control technology and the complexity of the traction power supply system makes the simulation essential in determining the dimension of the traction power supply system. The conventional method, use of the simplified and/or empirical equations, becomes inadequate in optimization of the design. The simulator presented in this paper is a numerical time based simulator running on a PC. The input to the simulator includes the track data, the train characteristic, network data and operating data. Basically the simulator conducts train running simulation and loadflow study repeatedly. The principle algorithms and its output is discussed in the paper.
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This paper is on the development of a auxiliary power supply for the coach of Indian Railways. The auxiliary power supply system supplies the power for air-conditioners, air-compressors, lighting equipments, controllers, etc. It converts the input voltage, DC 110V which is supplied from battery, to AC 3
${\Phi}$ 415V of 30kVA capacity. This is a low voltage-high current type converter system and largely consists of boost chopper and 3 phase inverter. Adopting a optimal control algorithm and simple power circuit, we realized the more reliable and competitive system for satisfaction of Indian Railway's strict requirement for vibration, temperature and dust. We completed the design, the manufacture and the field test of the system successfully and proved the system performance and reliability as a result of those tests. -
This paper is described the development of on-line partial discharge detector for high voltage apparatus. This detector consists of acoustic and high frequency current sensors, amplifier part, A/D converter part, data communication part and computer. The contents of paper are characteristics of units and digital signal processing for reducing noise in partial discharge detection. We seek methods to do good digital signal processing for detection of partial discharge. We apply digital filtering methods to the elect Tic signal and a cross con-elation to the acoustic signal. This paper shows the characteristics of these filtering method and cross con-elation in partial discharge detection.
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This paper describes insulation characteristics and partial discharge for the SF6 gas insulated transformer. The characteristic of gas insulated transformer and the degradation sequence of solid insulation under SF6 gas atmosphere were explained. The model electrode system of the types that the aramid papers were inserted between two sphere electrodes was prepared. The partial discharge tests were carried out to that system and the insulation characteristics were considered.