With recent advances in computer technology, the ratio of free-form building designs to those of the past is increasing gradually. However, the current technology of free-form structure is very low. The core technology for free-form building implementation is the manufacturing technology of FCP (Free-form Concrete Panel), which indicates an unformed outside, and through the development of FCP manufacturing technology, the construction technology of free-form architecture can be enhanced. The inside and outside of an free-form building should be represented by the designer's intended curvature, and the panel's thickness by segment should be constant. For this reason, the technology that keeps the thickness of panels constant during the FCP production process is a key technology that can improve the quality of FCP. In this study, a basic study on ways to maintain a constant thickness of FCP is conducted.

Asbestos has been widely used for construction materials due to its sound absorption and insulation properties. Despite the announcement that asbestos may cause cancer, asbestos demolition work has become more active. Asbestos was scattered by demolition work and the government started to regulate it. This study was started to predict the scattering asbestos concentration according to the research that it can cause cancer even if the concentration of asbestos meets legal standards. Therefore, in this paper, a regression analysis was conducted to derive a predictive equation after collecting and arranging the variables affecting scattering asbestos. As well as, artificial neural network analysis was used to make a more suitable prediction model.

The rebar work is a labor intensive construction work with a high labor cost ratio. It is difficult to manage the productivity, construction time, and safety of rebar work. The problem of productivity decreased in rebar construction is due to a lack of workers according to the aged workers. Partial prefabrication rebar can be an alternative solution to productivity decreased in rebar work. The characteristic of partial prefabrication method is that time consuming component such as stirrup of beam assemble in factory and others assemble in site. Therefore, in this study, the time required for each rebar assembly method is measured and analyzed to confirm the possibility of productivity improvement.

The purpose of this study is to validate the environmental performance of the 'eco-friendly lightweight form' in the construction process. Unlike existing euro form and aluminum form, the proposed form does not require form oil during the process of concrete casting and is lightweight because it is made of engineering plastic. Therefore, eco-friendly lightweight form will reduce the $CO_2$ emissions in the construction process. To verify the hypothesis, the study compared existing forms and eco-friendly light weight form's $CO_2$ emissions in each stage in construction process when using 1,000 forms and 100 times from the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) data. The total $CO_2$ emissions of the eco-friendly light weight form were 30,487kg $CO_2$, which equated to about 58% and 20% less emissions than the euroform and aluminum form. The result of the study verified that the eco-friendly lightweight form was effectively reduced $CO_2$ emission in the construction process.

Flexible Table Form is being used more frequently at the level of formwork in construction site. However, one of the most common structural frameworks, the RC column-beam structure, is having problems in these factors. To improve this problems, this study developed support devices and proposed installation specifications to enable application of the one-way void slab method to flexible table form. It is expected that the effects of reducing the self-weight of the slab in the floor slab construction using flexible table form.

In this paper, it was tried to prove the possibility and effect of coordinate measurement by using MEP layout equipment at the construction stage, and to propose a method to improve measurement accuracy during construction. For this study, the passenger terminal site, which is a long span structure, was selected and compared with three dimensional CAD drawings and construction measurement results using MEP layout equipment for the precise construction of long-span irregular curved roof layers. As a result, it was found that it is possible to construct three-dimensional curved roof layers using MEP layout equipment through measurement and analysis.

In order to measure the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from the construction sites, many literature which have been conducted have proposed methodologies for calculating coefficients based on actual data collections for estimating the emission formula. The existing data collected under controlled conditions not on site measurement were too limited to apply in actual sites. The purpose of this study is to conduct analysis based on the data measured in fields and to present predictive models using artificial neural network and nonlinear regression analysis for appropriate predictions and practical applications.

This study investigated the possibility of strength development by incorporating the slighly coarser soda-lime glass powder (GP) with 0-100 wt.% of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) to synthesis GGBS based geopolymer. Compressive strength, water absorption & apparent porosity, were experimentally determined. To determine the homogeneity of mix, the microstructure & elemental composition of samples were studied using SEM-EDS. Study reveals the improvement in strength and reduction in porosity for the samples containing up to 30% GP. Furthermore, the microstructure analyses confirmed the development of denser and compact structure with the incorporation of glass powder up to 30%.

In order to prevent global warming according to fossil fuel use, countries around the world are making efforts through the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Climate Change Convention. In addition, in order to prepare for high oil prices, researches such as the development of various renewable energy are being conducted. At present, the domestic production rate of energy sources in Korea is low at 18.1%, and power plants using forest biomass are being constructed to meet the domestic situation where 63% of the land is a forest. In 2015, the global production of wood pellets, a raw material for wood-based biomass power generation, was 28 million tons, up 7.7% from 2014, and has increased tenfold over the last decade. This is a result of increased demand for biomass. Korea is also increasing every year. However, biomass fly ash, an industrial by-product generated by biomass energy generation, is now being disposed of entirely, and there is little research to utilize it. Therefore, this paper will use biomass fly ash, an industrial by-product, which is currently being discarded due to a lack of separate treatment methods, as an admixture concept to contribute to solving environmental problems, developing new admixtures, improving quality, and seeking recycling plans.

In this paper, the compressive strength characteristics of cement paste were compared with the addition of liquefied red mud with the addition of nitric acid in order to improve the strength of the deteriorated cement. The results showed that the compressive strength with between 7 days and 28 days was greater than that of liquefied red mud. The ratio of daily compressive strength of the liquefied red mud is higher than that of the Plain with a 1 percent addition rate, and the ratio of compressive strength is lower than that of the Plain on the 28 days. Therefore, the compressive strength of neutralization liquefied red mud compared to liquidated red mud was relatively high, and the compressive strength of the red mud was shown to be improved to a level almost similar to that of Plain.

The Reinforced concrete structure is deteriorated in durability due to various deterioration factors such as acid, salt, etc., and thus requires repair and reinforcement. In this study, compressive strength and weight change were measured by substituting blast furnace slag with excellent chemical resistance. As a result, the decrease in compressive strength decreased in proportion to the blast furnace slag substitution rate, and in the case of BFS40, the strength increased after sulfuric acid immersion. The weight change also decreased in proportion to the replacement amount.

In this study, the characteristics of compressive strength of ultra high strength concrete supplied with moisture from outside by vacuum water absorbing curing method were investigated. Specimens were prepared by replacing the binder(Silifa fume and GGBS) by 25 wt% with respect to the weight of cement at W/B 0.16. Each specimen was subjected to water Vacuum absorbing curing time 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 minutes immediately after the demolding. Curing was performed at $20^{\circ}C$ Air-dry curing, $90^{\circ}C$ steam curing, $90^{\circ}C$ steam curing and $180^{\circ}C$ autoclave curing. Experimental results showed that water absorbing degree increased with increasing water absorbing curing time, and BS25 sample had higher water absorbing degree than SF25 sample at same time. Compressive strength tended to increase up to about 40% in water absorbing degree, but compressive strength decreased again in water absorbing more than 40%.

The indoor air quality of modern people who work indoors more than 80 percent a day has also become a very important factor in their lives. But most indoor air quality is highly polluted due to energy conservation and lack of ventilation. This can lead to pneumonia, asthma and even lung cancer, which can be fatal to children, the elderly and the elderly. Indoor pollutants are caused by boards, wallpaper, paint, etc. used in interior By producing indoor finishing materials using active alumina gel, which is used as dehumidifier, indoor pollutants will be reduced and the possibility of developing respiratory diseases and lung cancer will be reduced.

In this study, oxidized graphene nanoplatelet(GO) was prepared by oxidizing graphene nanoplatelet(GNP) with nitric acid in order to solve the problem of dispersion of GNP, one of nano materials. GNP/Epoxy and GO/Epoxy paint were prepared by mixing GNP, GO with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% in epoxy paint and the mechanical properties were evaluated. As a result, GNP/Epoxy and GO/Epoxy paints showed better mechanical properties than Neat Epoxy which did not incorporate GNP, GO. Especially, when 0.3 wt.% of GO was incorporated into epoxy resin, it showed higher tensile strength than Neat Epoxy. It was confirmed that acid treatment of GNP was effective in improving the mechanical properties of epoxy paint. However, graphene material was found that it was not effective in improving the bond performance of the epoxy paint.

Malaysia, as a tropical rainforest country, enjoys an abundance of bamboo plant that proliferate throughout the country. The application of geopolymer technology has become a trend and preserve the environment from harm. Fly ash geopolymer concrete has low early strength and requires 24 hours for the concrete to harden. Thus, the presence of calcium and potassium content in bamboo ash could remedy this problem. Besides, there is no research regarding the use of bamboo ash as a binder in geopolymer concrete. Therefore, the presence of bamboo ash could improve the research field with the use of agriculture waste in a building construction. This research aim is to use bamboo ash in the production of fly ash geopolymer concrete. The specimens were casted in $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}100mm$ cubes and sodium based activator were used as the alkaline solutions. The binders are formulated with different binder ratio. All test specimens were cured at ambient temperature ($23^{\circ}C-25^{\circ}C$) and 100% fly ash was chosen as control specimen. To determine the mechanical properties of fly sh geopolymer concrete with the presence of bamboo ash, compressive strength test was conducted. The test results depicted that as the percentage of bamboo ash decreases, compressive strength increases. Also, the addition of 5% of bamboo ash into fly ash geopolymer concrete could improve the early strength in 7 days. The results were proven with the result explained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of bamboo ash improved the properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete at early ages.

Major influence factors for piercing depth of concrete against small caliber bullet are target's property such as compression strength of concrete and bullet's property such as the velocity and weight of it. In particular about the bullet's property, velocity and incidence angle could be controlled by specific position or distance between targets and shooter, but the angle of yaw of bullet dose not. Because the the angle of yaw of bullet causes lower piercing force of bullet, some errors on piercing depth of concrete could be appeared by live fire test for the evaluation of protective performance. Therefore, we have checked the error canceling effect on the piercing depth of concrete by single shot and barrage of small caiber bullets. As a result, we identified that the error of piercing depth by the angle of yaw of bullet could be cancelled by barrage.

Environmental problems caused by GHG emitted by various industries are emerging around the world, and accordingly, relevant regulations are being applied by countries around the world. Korea is operating a carbon credit system that trades GHG in industry for money, which is expected to be applied to the construction industry. In addition, construction equipment using fossil fuels accounts for the largest portion of $CO_2$ emissions in the construction industry, and the importance of $CO_2$ reduction and prediction is increasing. However, there is a lack of data on the directly measured $CO_2$ emissions of construction equipment and there is no accurate methodology for measuring methods. Therefore, in this study, independent variables were derived based on the $CO_2$ emission data. In addition, multiple linear regression is performed for each independent variable to derive a predictive model of carbon dioxide emission by work type of construction equipment. It is expected that the construction process plan based on environmental factors in the construction industry can be established in the future.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the vocabulary related to safety accidents based on the reports recorded on the violation of safety rules at the construction sites. We used Word2Vec and Topic Model as natural language processing techniques to analyze the safety accidents presented in the reports of the large enterprise. The words that appeared based on the occupational accident types such as the fall, falling objects, and others were derived and visualized. We derive the frequency and similarity of the words and topics of the accident that occur at the construction site. In future studies, we will be able to proceed with the generation of texts from pictures based on images and this reports.

In-situ production of PC (precast concrete) members can reduce costs by about 14.5% -21.6% compared to in-plant production due to the reduction of transportation costs, factory profits and overhead costs. However, in-situ production of PC members presents a variety of risks, including member production and yard area securing, and lead time for production within the installation period. To solve this, it is necessary be able to analyze and control and monitor the risk factors that influence in-situ production for PC member. The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic simulation model for in-situ production and erection integrated management for PC members. For this study, risk factor identification, causal loop diagram, and dynamic simulation model construction were performed sequentially. The results of this study will be used as a basis for developing a risk management model for PC in-situ production.

Tower cranes are essential equipments that play a key role in the overall process of large-scale construction projects, as well as high-rise apartments construction projects. Tower cranes hoist various loads near and over people, working in crowded environments, sometimes in overlapping work areas, and often under the constraints of time, budget, and labor. This work system further increases the safety risks of sites with inherently hazardous workplaces. The methodology of this research was based on a comprehensive inquiry of a team of experts, including safety managers and equipment managers of major construction companies and previous literature search. Due to the limited resources available to improve safety and prevent accidents, more attention should be paid to all parties involved in factors that have been evaluated to have a significant impact on site safety due to tower crane operations.

The construction industry has a higher dependency on manpower than other industries, requiring a supply of high quality skilled workers. But negative perceptions regarding the construction industry have continued to reduce the inflow of young workers into the industry, and the existing skilled workforce is aging. In response, as a solution for training young construction skilled manpower, training programs for young construction skilled workers have been implemented by specialized high schools. But the current status of career paths chosen by the graduates of these specialized high schools did not show a substantial influx of workers into the construction industry. In this regard, with the purpose of promoting an influx of young construction skilled manpower into the industry, this study analyzed the goals and problems of construction education in specialized high schools in South Korea, and suggested a method for improvement.

The number of disputes over defects after completion of construction work in apartment buildings is increasing every year. In this situation, the prediction of reasonable defect repair costs is very important. In this paper, we are going to collect basic data for predicting defect repair costs through the correlation analysis of the construction period and defect repair cost of apartment houses. For this purpose, first of all, the construction period and defect repair cost of apartment houses were analyzed to analyze the construction period for each type of work, the construction period for each project type, and the construction period for each standard calculation. Next, the correlation between defect repair cost and the independent variables of the candidate was conducted. According to the analysis, the ratio of framing air, the ratio of finishing air, and the number of delay days showed strong correlation.

Globally, South Korea is a country that has a lot of $CO_2$ emissions and has steadily increased its total greenhouse gas emissions since the 1990s. With the recent implementation of the carbon emission trading system in Korea, the importance of calculating $CO_2$ emissions of construction equipment is increasing, hence the need for accurate calculation of environmental penalties through allocating carbon emission rights. This study presents a methodology to predict the price of carbon credits using big data analysis method. This methodology is based on correlating and regression analysis of trends in carbon emission prices and search volumes. This study aims to support faster and more accurate budget calculations in the planning of the construction process based on the predicted price of carbon emission rights.

The construction industry has the most safety accidents among domestic industries. Special care must be taken because disasters in the construction industry lead to social problems caused by huge property losses and casualties. As a result of this, there is a growing awareness of disasters occurring in the construction industry, and government departments are tightening regulations on safety management. In particular, the OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Agency) focuses on the expansion of protection targets and the clarification of responsibility in the full amendment OSHA. As a result, a study that focuses on safety management by client's responsibility is needed. In this study, the project performance capability assessment of construction project management contractors, which is being carried out with uniform assessment criteria without considering the characteristics of the construction project, is considered and all the amendments to the OSHA are considered, and the factors were derived for improvement measures.

Recently, the risk of fine dust is emerging in Korea. According to the OECD report, the incidence of hospitalization and mortality from lung disease is increased, and the incidence of lung cancer and mortality from ischemic heart disease with prolonged exposure are increased. In addition, indoor air quality has become an important factor affecting the human body as indoor life has increased due to the Industrial Revolution. Air pollutants that cause indoor air deterioration typically include particulate dusts as described above, formaldehyde and VOCs released in gaseous form from adhesive wood products used in building materials and furniture. May cause breathing problems. In this study, we analyzed the properties of adsorption matrix for improving indoor air quality using cork.

Data on basic properties are needed due to the increased interest of insulation materials, but In Korea, there are fewer data related to the basic properties of insulation. so the absorption rate was measured every seven days by selecting some of the insulation among insulation materials to provide basic data on absorption rates among basic properties. Measured over 43 days, both absorption and weight showed the highest PF levels, other insulation is judged to have almost reached the maximum absorption rate. PF is still an increasing trend and requires constant observation.

Concrete carbonation is one of the factors that reduce the durability of concrete. In modern times, due to industrialization, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is increasing, and the impact of carbonation is increasing. So, it is important to understand the carbonation resistance according to the concrete compounding to secure the concrete durability life. In this study, we want to predict the concrete carbonation velocity coefficient, which is an indicator of the carbonation resistance of concrete, through the deep learning algorithm, and to find the activation function suitable for the prediction of carbonation rate coefficient as a process to determine the learning accuracy through the deep learning algorithm. In the scope of this study, using the ReLU function showed better accuracy than using other activation functions.

Currently, polymer-based tile cement (Thin-bed method) and epoxy adhesive (Thick-bed method) are mainly used as tile adhesive for polishing and porcelain. In the case of epoxy adhesive, there is a low economic efficiency, there is a problem that the work efficiency is reduced by mixing the resin and the hardener. In particular, the epoxy contains a bisphenol A and amine component, there is a risk of workable disease when a worker is exposed to odor and harmful gases generated in the epoxy adhesive for a long time. Against this background, it is necessary to analyze the hazards of using epoxy adhesives indoors, and develop cementitious high performance tile adhesive products with significantly lower hazards than epoxy adhesives.

Formaldehyde has been classified as a first-class carcinogen by international cancer research organizations. Formaldehyde causes various diseases such as sick house syndrome, building syndrome, chemical sensitivity etc. Formaldehyde is diffused from building materials and furniture. It has been published that research of phytoncide can reduce formaldehyde. In this study, we used phytoncide with cement matrix to reduce formaldehyde. As a result, the cement matrix strengths was increased slightly and formaldehyde has been reduced over time.

Insulated buildings are exposed to the external environment due to aging and construction problems, resulting in a decrease in building energy efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a material for the change in thermal conductivity of the insulation when it is exposed to various external environments. In the experiment, five types of heat insulating materials were selected, stored under different environmental conditions, and the thermal conductivity was measured periodically to confirm the change in thermal conductivity. As a result, the thermal conductivity of all the insulating materials except the PF board increased with the passage of time. This is because thermal insulation absorbs atmospheric moisture under all environmental conditions and the thermal conductivity increases, and in the case of thermal insulation stored indoors in environmental conditions, the temperature differs from the thermal insulation stored outside. It is considered that there is little evaporation of moisture absorbed constantly, and the change in thermal conductivity is large.

Integrating 3D printing into architecture is gaining attention because it allows construction of construction structures without formwork. Among them, 3D printing construction materials must have high flow performance and at the same time ensure the performance that does not collapse during lamination. Therefore, in this study, we tried to determine the fluidity and lamination properties of mortar formulations, and set the thickener incorporation ratio as the formulation parameters. As a result of this experiment, it was confirmed that the lamination performance was secured from the thickening agent mixing rate of 1.5%.

Interest in indoor air quality is increasing day by day due to various reasons such as industrial development. Because redmud, an industrial subsidiary, contains titanium dioxide, this study evaluated self-consolidation performance with Slump Flow Test, J-Ring Test, and L-Box Test by mixing redmud in a mixture of ultra-high performance concrete, and sought the optimal combination with high flowability. In addition, the UHPC mixing experiment with photocatalyst was conducted, and the photocatalyst was replaced by the weight ratio of cement and the redmud by the weight ratio of fine aggregate and mixed with the concrete mixture.

In order to examine the chemical stabilization through DCG curing of cement paste exposed to high temperature environment, we produced a sample of 40% W/C cement paste and heated it for 180 minutes under the heating temperature of $800^{\circ}C$. The DCG curing time was 6, Three time conditions were divided into 12 and 18 hours. As a result of XRD analysis, Calcite ($CaCO_3$) was found in Theta 29.4, 40, and 46.5o. As the curing time increased, the peak of Calcite also increased, which is due to the increased reaction time with DCG. Therefore, Calcite produced through DCG curing seems to have stabilized chemically by filling the pores generated by heating.

The purpose of this study is to achieving a sufficient fluidity without segregation for normal strength grade concrete mixture. therefore in this research, by analyzing the various superplasticizer dosages on the concrete mixture, the segregation range was analyzed to provide a proper concrete mix design with sufficient fluidity.

Organic insulating materials can cause fatal toxic gases when burned, which can lead to human injury. As a combustible material, the risk of fire spreading is great. Therefore, there is a need for a study on the lightweight cured body for the non-combustible inorganic insulation to replace the flammable organic insulation. This study aims to examine the properties of lightweight foamed concrete according to the dilution concentration of animal foaming agent which forms a closed void when foaming as a part of the experiment to examine the utility of the lightweight foamed concrete as an insulating material. Bubbles occupy a large volume of lightweight foam concrete and have a great influence on the properties. Therefore, the stability of the bubble is very important, and as a result of the experiment, it is determined that 3% of the smallest vesicles are prepared at the proper dilution concentration.

This study was intended to examine the possibility of reducing hydration heat by FA substitution and combination of slag (CGS) from coal gasification power generation (IGCC) with mixed aggregate for concrete. The analysis results showed good results if liquidity increases as the ratio of CGS increases, air volume decreases, and compressive strength is mixed up to 25% in the residual aggregate. The results showed that the heat of hydration was reduced compared to plain due to the boron content of CGS as the CGS substitution rate increased, but it was larger due to the combination with FA substitution. It was found that the heat of hydration was reduced.

In this study, the Proctor penetration resistance test value and the hardness value of the improved Durometer were compared and analyzed for the change in the FA replacement rate of the concrete using CGS fine aggregate. The results are summarized as follows. It is. 1) The Proctor penetration resistance test value and the hardness value of the improved Durometer showed a high correlation in the form of a curve. 2) About surface finish Super-resolution with the improved Durometer is considered to be useful when using about 50 HD and about 80 HD in the end to determine the surface finishing work time.

Recently, the supply and demand of aggregates has become difficult due to various practical constraints such as depletion of natural aggregate resources and tightening environmental regulations. As a result, aggregates such as selective crushed aggregates and river aggregates are now distributed to the construction market. In particular, among the aggregates distributed in the country, selective crushed aggregates that have been used recently are characterized by the fact that the quality of the raw material is not uniform and is based on geological characteristics. Such bad aggregates can affect the overall performance of the concrete and shorten the life of the structure. Therefore, in this study, in order to improve such problems, we want to analyze the effect of aggregate powder on mortar.

In this study, when the normal concrete became a $20^{\circ}C$ image after the exposure time at an external temperature of $-15^{\circ}C$, the limit point of the early frost damage was analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the degree of concretion was higher than the external level after carrying in and after exposure, and that the initial Tokai damage was observed after 12 hours of exposure.

Research has been conducted in many fields for the zero energy of domestic buildings. Among them, the development of insulation has become an essential element. Accordingly, researches are being made to improve the performance of organic insulating materials, and PF boards having the lowest thermal conductivity among organic insulating materials have been in the spotlight. However, problems have arisen due to the problems of durability of insulation materials such as PF boards and past acidification, and the durability of insulation materials is deteriorated when moisture or water enters due to crack gaps during the insulation of the basement layer or the external insulation method. In regard to the durability of the insulation, when the organic insulators of different kinds were placed in water, the pH was weakly basic in all organic insulation materials except PF, and the PF was about 4 pH. As a result, the PF should be continuously reviewed, and further analysis should be carried out to determine what causes acidification.

When the fire door is recently installed in the field, there are frequent cases where the fire door is manufactured with fire door having low quality or different structure compared to the performance that the fire door producer has confirmed in the performance test or the construction specification. Accordingly, on-site quality management and maintenance guideline for fire doors were presented. In this paper, we tried to explain the requirements for the construction of fire doors during the on-site quality management and maintenance guideline for fire doors presented in the study.

Estimates based on BIM makes it possible to perform from quantity take-off to construction cost estimates by using model, which is made in the phase of design and construction. As the BIM models are made up of the units of element, there an advantage of the automative quantity take-off, if the correction or change of element occurs. Work items, not included in the elements of the BIM model, are excepted from bill of quantity. Level of detail(LoD) of the BIM model can be improved for detailed estimates, but an excessive modeling for estimates is inefficient. This study presents the measure for selection and quantity take-off of work items, those are not expressed in the BIM model. The proposed method avoids the creation of excessive BIM Models and enables quantity take-off in conjunction with the element.

Recently, the importance of prevention has emerged for the management of construction safety accidents.. Accordingly, this study collects and quantifies various risk factors at the construction site to represent them as direct risks and to create a predictive process for prevention in advance. These risk figures can be used as comprehensive safety figures to reflect current site conditions and past accidentt cases. The prevention of industrial accidents is managed in advance through the development of applications thatt quantify and predict the risks of individuals working at construction sites. The purpose of the project is to reduce industrial accidents in the construction industry by supporting safety management of site managers and workers.

According to building law, there are only regulations on the fire prevention compartments that can perform the function of partial smoke compartment, but the building law management of the smoke compartment for effective smoke diffusion prevention and control is not possible. The lack of control on the smoke compartment such as leakage rate on the penetrating part, and the lack of leakage rate in the design of smoke control of fire safety law resulted in the absence of fundamental safety technology. Therefore, this study seeks to find solutions to domestic problems after reviewing relevant domestic laws and regulations.

In Korea, buildings are becoming skyscrapers due to restrictions on land. The performance-oriented design was introduced in 2009 for fire safety of such buildings, but the application of the combustible data through engineering design and experiment is a poor reality. Large buildings are used for complex purposes, especially since the density of the office facilities is high, the study conducted a study on the combustible materials of the office facilities and the thermal speed and fire load of the main combustibles of the office facilities were calculated.

For buildings where a large number of the evacuees who are restricted to evacuation behavior compared to normal people, evacuation safety zones should be secured against fire. In order to form a safe haven safety zone, we are going to predict the performance of the building and describe the plan to secure a safe haven zone accordingly.

There are about 3,500 people living in the Seoul Dosshouse, including Namdaemun, Dongdaemun, Donui-dong, Changshin-dong, and Yeongdeungpo. The daytime temperature in the Dosshouse is 43 degrees and the indoor temperature is 35 degrees, which is also higher than the surrouding area. Most of them live in one-person the poor strata, where they have been fighting the heat and the summer. The old building is closely located and a 1.5-pyeong room without windows is a hot environment. Water, air-conditioning is difficult or impossible for people who are economically inferior and cannot solve their own solutions. The solution that can be provided by the country is to heat up once or twice a day by fire hose or shelter. However, there are many patients with discomfort, the distance is far, and the effect is insignificant. Therefore, through this experiment by using discarded banner, I would like to suggest a way to solve the summere heat of the Dosshouse.

Recently, maintenance of old facilities has emerged as a major issue. In particular, the demand for road cutting and excavation is increasing due to the aging of underground facilities such as water supply, sewage and city gas. In addition, the development of eco-friendly equipment is required due to the environmental problems of noise and dust. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the performance in terms of productivity of the eco-friendly road cutter developed as part of the development of eco-friendly equipment, and to derive improvements.

Top-down construction is a useful method of utilizing the working space, economic benefits and shorten the construction period. Precision construction of the elevator core is very important for safety of the top-down structure. In this study, the layout system for the field-BIM(Building Information Modeling) was used to precisely construct the elevator core in the basement and the ground. Through the layout system, it was possible to process the construction status, review the design results and construction errors, and confirm whether there is or not within the construction error range for elevator installation.

In ACI 318-19 published recently, the conditions and development length equation to use the headed deformed bars were changed considerably. Although the use of the larger-diameter(No.14 and 18) headed deformed bars isn't yet permitted, the use of the high strength(80,000psi) headed deformed bars is permitted and the effect of bar-diameter($d_b$) on the development length is increased considerably. Therefore, structures using larger-diameter headed deformed bars will be expected to be affected by this code change. We will study the effect of the code change on the development design and find out the design optimization method to minimize the effect of the changed conditions and development length equation.

In this study, development of 3D software for automated formwork design was conducted to achieve optimization and reduction of labor for temporary work. Through the literature review, the current technical level was identified and the required functions of 3D software for automated formwork design were derived. The 3D software should be developed with the aim of automating 3D design, improving construction quality and utilizing the Internet of Things. As a preliminary step to develop 3D software, the prototype demo version was developed to implement 3D design automation function, which confirm the possibility of 3D software development.

Gangform is used as exterior wall forms in the most of apartments. Existing system forms developed for high-rise building, RCS and ACS, are too heavy and over-designed to be applied to general apartments, leading to higher costs. A more simplified rail Gangform(R/GF) is also used, but it depends entirely on T/C for the lift like Gangform. The T/C's legal inactivity time for moving Gangform and materials has increased, and the higher allowances have to be paid for overtime work, thus causing to the cost increase and time delay. Therefore, this study aims to develop an automated Gangform climbing system that can be used universally and economically in apartment houses. The use of the development system is expected to improve the safety of Gangform operations and reduce the workload on T/C.

In this research, Proctor insertion resistance test values and Durometer A type hardness values were compared and analyzed between the setting times of the concrete using CGS for Fine Aggregate, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) The Proctor penetration resistance test value and the hardness value of Durometer A type showed a high correlation in the form of a curve. 2) About surface finish The resolution exceeding the hardness value of the Durometer A type uses about 25 HD, and in the case of termination, about 35 HD, and is considered to be effective for determining the surface finishing work time. The possibility to do is expected.

In this study, we compared the proctor penetration resistance test value of the concrete using CGS for Fine Aggregate and the hardness value of the Durometer. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Surface finish The Durometer C type setting time measurement value was about 45 HD, and the hardness value of the Durometer D type was about 5HD. 2) The proctor penetration resistance test value and the hardness value of the Durometer are highly correlated and are expected to be easy to use.

The construction industry is known to be one of the representative industries that generate fine dust. Therefore, reducing the amount of fine dust generated in construction sites is very important for the overall fine dust management. Based on this, this study proposed the concept of fine dust measurement and removal technology combined with advanced technologies such as drones and IoT. The qualitative, quantitative and risk elimination effects that can be expected when applying the proposed technique are analyzed. We will verify the effectiveness of the proposed concept through system development and field application, and evaluate specific economic feasibility through cost analysis. The proposed concept will be validated through system development and field application and evaluated specific economics through cost analysis.

Recently, road cutting works are frequently performed to repair aging underground utilities. However, the conventional road pavement cutting equipment in Korea generates a lot of noise and dust, and the development of high performance and eco-friendly equipment is required. This study classifies road cutting work and analyzes its work characteristics before improving road cutting machine. The classification and analysis results of this study will be used for the future productivity analysis and evaluation of road cutter developed.

The use of road cutters in the maintenance of obsolete underground facilities maintains polluting dust, cutting sludge, etc, polluting the air environment, soil, and water, causing civil complaints caused by noise, and consequently interrupting work. Therefore, it is time for eco-friendly pavement cutting technology for fugitive dust and cutting sludge emission management and noise management. This study was based on research by the development of eco-friendly pavement cutting technology in urban areas. In this study, the current state of existing road cutters is investigated and the patented technology analysis of road cutters is conducted to derive the design elements of eco-friendly pavement cutting technology.

Ultrasonic method is useful in determining the compressive strength of concrete as a nondestructive testing technique. As the velocity of the ultrasonic wave changes depending the aging of fresh concrete, it is possible to use the ultrasonic method to measure the degree of concrete curing on site. Recently, the use of steel reinforced concrete is ever increasing. This study is to examine the effect of aging concrete on the velocity of ultrasonic wave so that the compressive strength of concrete can be predicted in the presence of steel inclusions.

In this study, after exposing the normal concrete outside at $-20^{\circ}C$, when the above scored $20^{\circ}C$, we analyzed the limit points of the initial early frost damage to the concrete. As a result, it was confirmed that the degree of the upper part of the concrete when it was exposed outside the freezing point for 6 hours was zero.

As part of recent low-energy policies, thermal insulation standards for buildings are being tightened every year. In addition, the conventional styrofoam insulating material has a problem that the thickness of the heat insulating material to achieve a standard heat permeability is rapidly increased. Due to the thick insulation, there is a high risk of spreading vulnerable structures such as fire due to lack of space between buildings. On the other hand, the method of using the insulation as a formwork is known to be excellent cost saving effect through the reduction of the formwork usage and the simplification of the external insulation work. In order to solve this problem, this study aims to fabricate a multi-layered insulator that combines high-performance phenolic foam insulation and styrofoam insulation and evaluate the deflection characteristics for use as formwork.

As part of recent low-energy policies, thermal insulation standards for buildings are being tightened every year. The importance of external insulation methods is increasing due to the strengthening of insulation standards. Among the main materials used in the external insulation method, dry bit material is a finishing material composed of an organic binder and aggregate. When the fire occurs, the ignition of the surface part causes a direct fire on the thermal insulation material at the rear side when heat energy is concentrated. Therefore, it is important that the finishing material in dry insulation using a dry bit has a low fire spreading property in case of a fire and does not have a sustained combustion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fire spreadability by changing the internal fillers while using alkoxide-based acrylic emulsions, hybrid acrylic emulsions, and general acrylic emulsions in order to suppress the fire spreading properties of exterior finish materials.

Recently, as the interest in environmental issues increases, the construction industry needs to recycle blast furnace slag, circulating fluidized bed Combustion fly ash, etc. to solve industrial by-products, and to develop artificial stone. In this study, the strength characteristics based on blast furnace slag according to the addition rate of alkali stimulant NaOH are investigated. The experimental results showed that the flexural and compressive strengths increased with the addition of alkali stimulants. Based on these results, it will be presented as a basic research data for the manufacture of artificial stone and will be tested later.

The strengths and elastic modulus of high-density polyethylene in compression and tension met the minimum requirements of precast concrete products.

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of resuscitation after the re-application of mortar with much FA replacement on the degree of resuscitation. Results When NaOH was applied to the top of the mortar where 90% of FA was replaced, and maintained for 24 hours, the degree of resuscitation at $40^{\circ}C$ was completely improved. However, when medium curing was carried out, it showed a higher degree of compression than water or lapping curing at 10 MPa in 28 days. The degree of resuscitation on the 28th day was revived from around 10% of the normal level to about 20~30%, and it was analyzed that it was difficult to achieve the OPC reduction by any method.

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of retention time and resuscitation method on the degree of resuscitation after reapplying mortar with much FA replacement. Results After applying NaOH to the top surface of 60 % FA-substituted mortar, the degree of resuscitation at $40^{\circ}C$ was high enough to increase the overall curing time, but there was no significant difference. However, with regard to the curing method, middle curing showed the greatest manifestation, followed by wrapping and underwater curing, but there was no significant difference. The resuscitation level on the 28th of the lumber was found to be revived to about 70~80 % at around 30 % without resuscitation.

Recently, environmental pollution related to global warming is on the rise. Meanwhile, renewable energy is a representative example of many efforts to develop eco-friendly energy to solve the depletion of natural resources and the depletion of petroleum resources in conjunction with global warming. Among them, photovoltaic power generation is increasing the subsidies for the government to increase the production of photovoltaic electricity of the general public, showing a high growth rate. However, polysilicon, which is a raw material of the photovoltaic panel, generates waste called polysilicon sludge in the manufacturing process. In order to produce 1 ton of polysilicon, about 2 tons of waste polysilicon sludge is generated. In 2012, polysilicon sludge was generated at 78,000 tons, with an average of about 220 tons per day. The sludge generated due to insufficient treatment of polysilicon sludge is currently solidified and is processed by landfilling. Therefore, in this study, polysilicone sludge is used as the concept of admixture, and the physical properties of the matrix according to the polysilicon sludge replacement ratio based on light burned magnesia is determined.

In this study, we evaluated the early strength of red clay soil with the polymer aqueous solution at rammed earth construction. In order to satisfy the demolding strength of the formwork be due to the rammed of red clay soil, the polymer aqueous solution was added to evaluate the compressive strength at the early age according to the consolidation level. As a result, a high compressive strength was exhibited with the formulation to which the polymer aqueous solution was added.

Lack of fine aggregate is adversely affecting the quality of concrete. Due to lack of land sand, EZZ sea sand has been used. However, the use of sea sand is also difficult because of the opposition of fishermen. The purpose of this study was to analysis the effect of slag fine aggregate to durability and compressive strength of concrete. The concrete compressive strength and durability were assessed to derive a proper mix ratio of fine aggregate.

When concrete is exposed to fire, the decomposition of Portland cement paste results in critical damage to the concrete structure of a building. However the recovery process of the damaged concrete structure has not yet been fully elucidated. In addition, research on appropriate additives such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanosilica has been increasing recently, however, investigation of CNT and nanosilica incorporated cement paste after decomposition of CNT by high temperature is not fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of CNT incorporated cement paste under different temperatures ($200^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$). Also, the effects of different rehydration conditions ($20^{\circ}C$ 60% RH and in water for different curing times) on the recovery of the paste were studied. The changes in tensile strength, surface observation of the specimens were characterized. In addition, the decomposition and formation of hydrates in the paste due to the heating process were studied using X-ray diffraction. The results showed that incorporation of nanosilica enhanced tensile strength after heating to each target temperatures.

This study is aimed at comparing the effect of cement mortar made of sulfuric acid treated ISO standard sand with that of cement mortar made of normal ISO standard sand. In the water absorption test, water absorption of standard sand increases with the increase of immersion time in sulfuric acid solution. The results show that at the water cement ratio of 0.5, the longer the standard sand is immersed in sulfuric acid, the greater the compressive strength of the cement mortar sample.

In this study, the fluidity and compressive strength of lightweight mortar using recycling water for pre-wetting of artificial lightweight aggregate were compared and analyzed to maximize the utilization of the recycling water, which is a by-product of the Ready-Mixed Concrete industry. For this purpose, the pre-wetting water was replaced with recycling water at the ratio of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%.

Recently, the use of selective crushed aggregates is increasing due to the supply and demand shortage of aggregates. In the case of selective crushed aggregates, aggregates are produced using soil, rocks, etc., mainly generated at construction sites as raw materials. As a result, the quality of the raw material may not be uniform and may contain a large amount of soil. In the case of using such a bad aggregate shortens the life of the structure, there is a fear that adversely affect the overall performance, such as the strength and durability of the concrete. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of aggregate soil on mortar in the low-strength mortar and ultimately proposes the regulation value of clay content in the soil content of crushed aggregates such as crushed aggregates.

As the aggregate supply and demand shortages in Korea due to the lack of aggregates due to the regulation of production and use conditions of domestic aggregate collectors, the media recently pointed out the distribution of so-called bad aggregates containing soil powder. Such poor aggregates have a high self-absorption rate according to the reference, etc., leading to a decrease in the fluidity of the concrete. Therefore, in order to secure fluidity, the unit quantity increases greatly from $30kg/m^3$ to $55kg/m^3$, and the increased unit yield eventually leads to a decrease in compressive strength, resulting in a decrease in strength from about 35% to 45% compared to general aggregates. It indicates that there is a risk of shortening the life of the structure. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of aggregate soil on concrete.

Recently, a bed company's product has detected a certain level of radon or higher, making it a popular search word on portal sites. Because of this problem, people are becoming more interested in radon. The government plans to support the establishment of a radon alert system for households through a radon concentration survey of 10,000 households. The use of palm charcoal as an indoor finishing material will reduce the risk of lung cancer through radon reduction. The experiment used a method of replacing palm activated carbon with blast furnace slag, and the adsorption performance of radon tends to increase as the replacement rate of palm activated carbon increases.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adhesion in flexure of SBR-modified mortar adding Fly Ash(FA). From the test results, the adhesion in flexure is seriously affected by polymer-binder ratios and adding content of FA. The maximum adhesion in flexure of SBR- modified mortar is about 1.46 times, the plain cement mortar. It is apparent that the adhesion in flexure of SBR-modified mortars by polymer-binder ratios is much more improved than that by adding contents of AF.

Light-weight foamed concrete using cement as a raw material consumes a lot of energy and generates $CO_2$ because of the high temperature firing process in the manufacturing process of cement. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of blast furnace slag through the properties analysis by substituting a certain amount of blast furnace slag as an industrial by-product as a substitute for cement. The experimental results showed similar characteristics to those of using only cement when the blast furnace slag fine powder was used in an appropriate amount. Therefore, if a certain amount of cement is replaced with blast furnace slag powder, it can maintain similar quality, reduce natural resources and energy consumption, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

In this study, to test the performance of concrete used as a concrete admixture as a recycling method of CGS, gypsum was mixed and the chloride ion penetration resistance test of CGS and BFS substituted concrete was conducted. As a result, it was found that without gypsum type test specimen, the CGS sustituted test specimens had lower chloride ion penetration resistance than the BFS substituted specimens. When gypsum was added, it was confirmed that the chloride ion penetration resistance was poor regardless of the type of admixture. In addition, it was confirmed that both admixtures were less resistant to chloride ion penetration than OPC, regardless of the presence of gypsum. However, considering the uneven quality variation of coal, which greatly affects the quality of CGS, further research is needed.

Recently, the flooding of rivers caused by rainy season and heavy rains in Korea causes economic and environmental problems such as flood damage and urban flooding. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, local governments use landscaping methods and drainage facilities to prevent them, but they are not perfect solutions. Domestic awareness also lacks awareness to worry about flooding only during rainy seasons and heavy rains, and to worry about or prevent flooding in the region. In order to solve this problem, we recognize the importance of permeable blocks nationwide and replace or install permeable paving materials on most sidewalks. However, since existing permeable blocks used cement as the main material, calcium carbonate is produced when reacted with water. Efflorescence occurs, and the resulting calcium carbonate blocks the pores of the permeation block, causing a decrease in permeability.

When the cement paste in concrete is exposed to high temperatures, the mechanical performance decreases due to a series of reactions inside the cement. In this study, we investigated the change of nanostructure of $C_3S$ when $C_3S$ was exposed to high temperature using pair distribution function (PDF) based on high energy X-ray scattering. As a result of X-ray diffraction, there was no significant difference when $C_3S$ was heated at $300^{\circ}C$, but most of $Ca(OH)_2$ was decomposed into CaO at $500^{\circ}C$. In addition, it was confirmed that CaO is dominant in the nanostructure when $C_3S$ is heated to $500^{\circ}C$.

As the damage to fine dust increased, the Republic of Korea designated fine dust as a social disaster. The composition of the fine dust is composed of carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and minerals. The cause of fine dust is naturally generated by dirt, pollen, etc. In addition, there are artificial causes such as gaseous vehicle exhaust gas emitted from the use of fossil fuel. When fine dust enters the human body through breathing, it causes various respiratory diseases and skin diseases. In IARC, fine dust was designated as a carcinogen group 1. In this research, we tried to adsorb fine dust by physical adsorption using powdered activate carbon. Powdered activate carbon is a powdered activated carbon activated in a carbonized state. Porous material with high specific surface area and low density. Experimental items were tested for density, water absorption, and fine dust concentration according to the PAC addition ratio. Basic experiments were carried out to fabricate the fine dust adsorption matrix.

Recently, due to air pollution caused by fine dust, it is considered as a social problem. Increasing fine dust has intensified air pollution, causing many diseases and damages. This year, Seoul, South Korea, reached a severe level of fine dust pollution worldwide. The Ministry of Environment has strengthened the environmental standard for fine dust (PM2.5) from $50{\mu}g/m^3$ to $35{\mu}g/m^3$ since March 2018. When fine dust enters the human body, it causes bronchial or skin elongation such as respiratory allergies, irritable pneumonia, asthma and atopy. In this study, $TiO_2$ rutile with photocatalytic activity was used, and materials prepared by rutile sulfuric acid method were used. The photocatalytic activity rate is 95% or more and the density is $4.1g/cm^3$. The matrix was based on cement, and the substitution rate of $TiO_2$ was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 (%). The test item is flexural strength and compressive strength.

As a result of the Rietveld analysis to determine the effect of carbon nanotubes on the hydration products of cement composites, the quantitative difference of hydration products according to the addition rate of carbon nanotubes was not significant. Ettringite, an early hydration product, was measured to be slightly higher than the planes with carbon nanotubes over all ages. Therefore, it seems that carbon nanotubes have no effect on the hydration production in cement paste.

The cement industry is a large amount of carbon dioxide emission industry, and research and development on non-cement composition is underway at the time when the absolute reduction of cement use is urgently needed. In addition, limestone fine powder is a by-product and is required to be recycled in terms of resource circulation. The compressive strength of the lime cement powder added noncement composition showed that the compressive strength increased as the limestone powder was added. It is believed that limestone fine powder played a role of stimulant such as alkali activator in non-cement composition.

South Korea has long been without major earthquakes. But 317 public facilities have been damaged by Po-Hang earthquake. Among them, 103 educational facilities suffered 25.6 billion won worth of damage. This is the most damaging of public facilities. The earthquake damage was mainly centered on non-seismic retrofit educational facilities and masonry architectural wall systems installed on the outer walls of buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a filling material that can be applied to the non-seismic retrofit of masonry architectural wall systems installed on the outer walls of educational facilities. To achieve the objective, first, set the filling material requirements. Second, set the sequence model of experiments and prepare for the experiment. Third, after the experiment, analyze the results obtained through the experiment. Forth, the optimal filling material is selected by comparing the analyzed results with the requirements. As a results, E-S-X sample using epoxy resin were selected for the seismic retrofit of masonry architectural wall systems in educational facilities. In the future, this study can be used as a basic material for developing seismic reinforcement methods guidelines in domestic existing educational facilities.

The amount of multi-aged housing more than 15 years since the completion has increased, and the real estate market caused by apartment remodeling has also increased. The domestic mortgage loan regulation on relocation expense caused by remodeling apply to same limit as that for mortgage loan newly-built apartment. The excessive government housing regulation could be an obstacle for the occupants residential stability of remodeling apartment. To suggest methods for government housing regulation of residential mortgage loan related to remodeling, examples for mortgage loan regulation and mortgage products were studied and compared. It is pointed out that regulation on occupants relocation expense caused by remodeling has to be relaxed and mortgage product development are needed to boost remodeling project.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improved methods for cost sharing in apartment remodeling projects. Case studies on apartment remodeling projects with different plan type were analyzed and compared. Cost sharing estimated by 'proportional rate method' shows similar results estimated by 'return on investment method' in case of similar area ratio of existing plan to remodeling plan. Otherwise cost sharing estimated by 'proportional rate method' shows great differences comparing the results estimated by 'return on investment method'. Although return on 'proportional rate method' is widely used, it is not proper to estimate cost sharing when each householder's contribution for the project varies, such as considerable differences area ratio of existing plan to remodeling plan. Improved cost sharing method is needed taking into account project contribution and characteristics.

The supply of apartments has continuously increased, and the housing supply rate has exceeded 100 percent and the demands and standards of tenants have also been raised as technology has developed. This has led to the conflict and caused social and economic losses. In this study, the case investigation and research methods of the prior research are analyzed as the basis for identifying the defects cases of causes and influences occurring in the apartment building. To analyze various studies, we divided the prior research into the defect management process and the study on the type of defects and countermeasures, and investigated the features and limitations. Future research will be conducted on apartment buildings within 10 years of completion among conglomerate's nationwide apartments to compensate for the limitations of prior research. In addition, AHP static method and relational chart will be used to identify the relationship between the type of defect and the cause and the importance of the influencing factors.

Designers and builders are omitting structural design and relying on workers' experience, due to the lack of awareness of the importance of scaffolding in domestic construction sites, and there is a high probability of collapsing accidents such as inappropriate wall joint installation and non-compliance with work procedures. Therefore, risk factors were analyzed in detail and major risk factors were derived from opinions of site managers and scaffolding experts in this study.

The construction industry is in the process of changing from the existing labor-intensive production system to a construction automation system using advanced information and communication technologies. Accordingly, in order to identify key research areas and utilization technologies in the field of construction automation, this study collected the latest 17 years (2000-2016) of papers published in International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC) and conducted a correlation analysis between the construction management areas and automation technologies based on the keyword frequency. As a result, the BIM, WSN, and Augmented reality were extracted as the technology keywords with high correlation with various areas of construction management.

The main purpose of the study is to reduce the accident death rate in the construction industry. To achieve this goal, the safety planning tasks were analyzed and assessed in terms of the importance and preventive effects of the tasks. Through the extensive literature reviews, the safety planning tasks were identified and reviewed by safety managers. Based on the data collected, a survey was conducted in order to receive responses by experts with knowledge on the effects and importance of preventive measures for safety. Then, the IPA method was employed to identify the safety manager's tasks that have an effect on performance indicators. The effective safety tasks identified are expected to have a critical role in reducing the accident death rate in the construction industry.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the scale of overseas design orders in Korea, China and Japan by region and type of work, and to draw implications. As a result of analyzing the overseas design sales market of Korea, China and Japan, all three countries have the highest percentage of overseas sales in the Asian market, and the overseas design sales are the highest in power generation, chemical plant and transportation sectors. In addition to the Middle East and Asian markets, Japan and China have also diversified their strategies to diversify their markets by taking orders in various regions such as Europe, Africa and the United States. In particular, China is promoting the "New Silk Road Project" (One belt, One road), linking land and sea to a total of 25 countries and actively supporting aid projects in Africa and Asia, have. In addition, Japan has been actively supporting the government's expansion of ODA projects to expand overseas market entry. Therefore, it is necessary for Korea to increase its market share through diversification of overseas design market and diversification of industrial type, and to participate in overseas design market by expanding customized R&D investment.

In this study, the study was conducted to derive the utility of the safety management system applying block chain technology and big data technology to improve the problems of construction sites where concealment and operation of safety accidents occur. If block chain technology and big data technology are applied to construction safety management, transparent data can be collected, and based on the collected data, it is possible to predict accidents that can occur at the construction site and establish countermeasures. It can also be an opportunity to strengthen the safety awareness of construction workers and managers, and can clearly identify the responsibility in the event of a safety accident. This study suggests that the application of the 4th Industrial Revolution technology could be a great opportunity to innovate the construction industry which is less than other industries.

Although accidents in the domestic construction industry have been decreased gradually, deaths in the construction sites have been occupied 49.9 percent of the total industry and deaths from fall accident have been accounted for 59.7 percent of the construction industry. In order to prevent fall accident, Occupation Safety and Health Act(OSHA) was enacted for setting management standards and detailed regulations was designed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Although government has been pushed for companies and workers to comply the regulations, currently, many domestic construction sites have been violated. On the other hand, in safety-advanced countries such as the United States, Japan, and the EU, industrial accidents have been decreased due to continual application of adapted safety policies according to characteristic in each country. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze laws and polices of advanced countries and apply them to domestic construction sites in order to reduce fall accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare domestic laws related fall accident with advanced countries laws. In the future, the results of this study will be utilized as a reference to reinforce Occupation Safety and Health Act(OSHA).

This paper aimed to identify potential opportunities of building information modeling (BIM) utilization for construction risk management. Construction risk factors and BIM functions were derived through conducting in-depth literature review. Nineteen construction risk factors could be resolved by various BIM functions. Phase planning, site analysis, design authoring, and 3D design coordination were identified as the most efficient BIM functions for construction risk management.

Recently, the number of conflicts and complaints related to noise between floors is increasing every year. It is essential to acquisition objective noise data in order to resolve legal disputes over floor noise. However, specialized equipment for noise acquisition is difficult for ordinary apartment dwellers to use. In addition, in order to solve the problem of inter-layer noise, it is most effective to locate and remove the noise. Therefore, this study proposes a floor noise monitoring system for the measurement of floor noise and estimation of the noise source that can be measured without a professional device.

National Competency Standard(NCS) is a national organization that organizes the knowledge, skills, and quality required to perform duties at industrial sites by industry sector and level. As NCS was developed and adopted as part of the government's implementation of capability-oriented society, the construction industry is also fully applying NCS to the curriculum and training. This study investigated and analyzed the problems of NCS development in construction work field through prior research analysis and experts interview and derived problems such as discrepancies in classification system, lack of connectivity with curriculum, and lack of effectiveness in revising NCS in construction work field. Further research is thought to be necessary for the establishment of the development system reflecting the construction characteristics in the future and for the presentation of practical improvement directions.

Currently, as the public interest for environmental issues has grown rapidly, the needs for G-SEED have also increased. However, as investment according to eco-friendly elements is inevitable to receive G-SEED certification, it is necessary to find out whether or not the sales price of apartments have increased compared to investment costs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the sales price of apartments according to G-SEED by using T-test. To achieve the objective, First, variables affecting on the sales price of apartments are selected. Second, the data are collected by using GIS(Geographic Information System). Third, after testing the normality, a comparison analysis is conducted on the sales price between G-SEED certified and non-certified apartments by using T-test. As a result, it is concluded that G-SEED certified apartments are more expensive than non-certified apartments. In the future, these findings can be utilized to develop of apartments price calculation model based on the G-SEED.

This paper investigates and analyzes related systems, policies, and research trends that are used to prepare the operating regulations for drone-based fine dust monitoring and water fog injection systems in small-sized construction site. As a result of the study, we have drawn a total of six major items to consider when drafting the drone related operational regulations. It will also be used as a basis for future development system operation regulations.

In order to apply the drywall system to the interior wall of the post & beam structure, the existing detail drawings and construction specifications must be revised. LH selected drywall systems suitable for post & beam apartment housings and revised their standard detail drawings and construction specifications. This paper describes the major revision of the plasterboard partition wall in the LH construction specifications and standard detail drawings. The main policy of the revision work was to prevent defects by ensuring the construction quality and to eliminate adverse effects on the subsequent processes.

The following conclusions were reached through the research on the development of the required performance extraction tools for the application and utilization of various construction methods of lightweght dry wall. 1) Performance required for walls of apartment buildings can be divided into safety, habitation, durability and productivity. Among these, horizontal load resistance, shock resistance, anti-seismic performance, insulation, and acoustic characteristics are the main performance that correspond to dry walls. In addition, safety related to toxic gases and contaminants are required according to recent eco-friendly requirements. 2) To select a wall according to the required performance of an inner wall applied to an apartment, a map tool in the form of 2D matrices was constructed to enable the required performance to be applied, indicating that the wall location and wall material and its differentiating according to the old method.

Fire resistance ceiling system is the structure of which the ceiling installed under the slave of the structure has the fire resistance performance. Because of having the fire resistance performance, fire resistive coatings on steel beams can be reduced and large span structures can be constructed. So, it have advantages of convenience for construction, shorten for construction time and cost reducing. In foreign country, it is general that one system consisting of slave and ceiling is constructed as a fire resistance system, in these cases, gypsum boards are mostly used as ceiling materials. The purpose of this study was to explain the possibility of expanding the use of gypsum boards by securing fire resistance performance of these ceilings.

At a time when the recent earthquake in Pohang, Korea requires the need for seismic performance design not only for concrete structures but also for construction materials used in construction structures, the possibility of applying the seismic performance design of waterproof materials constructed in the form of direct or partial adhesion to concrete structures in the underground Single-side walls section was confirmed.

Waterproofing techniques used in underground structures do not reflect material and construction environments, but rely only on material properties, which inevitably lead to their limits in durable life. In particular, the government intends to investigate the current underground water treatment method and analyze the problems in order to prevent serious corrosion and aging of structures caused by underground water leaks and poor construction.

The purpose of this study was to develop a technology to prevent leakage of construction structures for the Chinese market. The first key development factor is to establish a joint quality standard that corresponds to all performance criteria set out in Chinese Standard JC / T 2428-2017. The second key development factor is to develop a product capable of exhibiting performance in a low temperature environment of $-30^{\circ}C$ and coping with 15mm structure behavior.

Installation and usage methods are currently different between China and Korea for the same rubber asphalt waterproofing sealant. Quality verification is not properly carried out in this situation, so it is necessary to secure reliability in order to export domestic materials to China. In this study, rubber asphalt waterproofing sealant used as injection-type leakage repair material was tested in accordance to adhesion strength quality test method outlined in the JC/T2428 Chinese Industrial Standard to confirm the basic performance is compliant or not.

Integrated water-soluble film is dissolved in the rubber asphalt waterproof sheet to secure adhesive strength on freshly cast concrete on the adhesion side of waterproofing layer on the floor slab. In addition, in order to determine whether the water in the concrete slurry can dissolve the water-soluble film sufficiently, the adhesive strength of the waterproofing sheet was compared between difference wetness condition at the upper part of the concrete specimen before the concrete casting.

In this study, primers were prepared by mixing cement and modified polymer, and the adhesion to the substrate surface was enhanced by using cement which is the same material as the basement outer wall. The improved primer is used to verify the adhesion performance of the substrate in wet concrete environments.

Research has begun to change the waterproofing design of domestic underground structure parts from the current negative-side waterproof design to the positive-side waterproof design. For this, active review from the design stage to prevent the ingress of external ground water into the waterproofing measures of the underground of apartment buildings is needed. Therefore, in this study, proper waterproofing method for the major leaks identified in the previous studies and a waterproofing method for the waterproof design of the underground floor and the outer wall is proposed. It is hoped that a follow-up study, such as a review of field applicability, for the proposed methods will provide an alternative to secure leakage stability in waterproof design.

Waterproofing materials and construction methods have been developed and applied to various construction sites since the past. However, there many cases where the waterproofing performance is not satisfactory, leading to continuous water leakage. It has been observed that a key reason for this is because waterproofing method and material selection is not optimized in terms of the appropriate application area and environmental degradation factors. This paper proposes that future selection of waterproofing methods should consider the following evaluation criteria; 1) waterproof performance evaluation according to site conditions, 2) evaluation of construction method, 3) manufacturing and maintenance of waterproofing systems.

As part of the development of building technology to improve the living performance closely related with lifestyle to Realize the Housing Welfare, the standard manual for the prevention and maintenance of water leaks in the underground structures of apartment buildings consists of Part 1 and Part 2. This study further covered the maintenance plan and inspection carried out in Part 1.

The existing evaluation of root barrier resistance takes at least two years as an evaluation based on plant growth, and it is difficult to determine early performance in the process of quality control in the field. In this study, thus, the direction of the root barrier resistance evaluation system was presented by considering the construction specifications and design standards for root barrier design. As a result, it was necessary to establish a test method for reproducing simple and consistent test results for evaluating the durability of root barrier materials.

This technology is a water leak repair technology using composite materials of concrete structures that block leakage of structures by injecting rapid microcement into the face of underground concrete to block water and injecting flexible glycidylacrylate. Rapid micro cement system repair materials are mixed with fine fibers to improve the flexural sensitivity of the material and to form a layer that blocks stabilized water at the back of the structure by allowing rapid and tight spatial filling during injection with high cohesion The glycidylacrylate repair material can control the expansion rate, and the external stress also has the characteristic that the form of the material is not destroyed or separated, which can also be applied to vibrating induced structures that produce repetitive fatigue loads, and has an effective durability in saline, alkali, acid (chloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid).