The error probability for coherent frequency-hopped spread-spectrum multiple-access communications is computed. We employ PSK as a modulation scheme. The channel capacity is performance measure and the minimum bit signal-to-noise ratio for reliable communications is obtained.

In this paper, an MSK modulator and MSK matched Filter using SAW component which is small size and can process high Frequency and wide band signals are described. This modulator and matched Filter have been shown applicable to the transmitter and receiver of spread spectrum communication systems.

In this paper we describe a planar type SAW(surface acoustic wave) FM discriminator, in which a 3 dB multistrip coupler is used to keep the linearity of wideband FM discrimination. This discriminator without 3 dB multistrip coupler is also applicable to DPSK demodulation.

Finite field arithmetic logic is central in the implementation of Reed-Solomon coders and in some cryptographic algorithms. There is a need for good multiplication and basis conversion algorithms. In this paper, a new multiplication circuit is developed for the finite field GF($2^m$) based on a conventional basis. It is composed of AND gates and EXCLUSIVE-OR gates and is regular, simple, expandable and therefore, naturally suitable for VLSI implementations.

A VLSI digital filter design using a semi-custom method is described. The digital filters composed of TDM/FDM Transmultiplexer are designed. Using the polyphase network approach a filter bank composed of only all-pass digital filter sections was designed. The use of all-pass filters as basic building blocks is shown to provide a transmultiplexer structure that has low computational requirements, low quantization noise, and high modularity. The silicon compiler systems is used to reduce the design time and increase the credibility of designed filters. A design of 1st order and 2nd order all pass filters is done using CMOS 2um N-well double metal cell.

This paper considers impulsive noise which produce burst error in high speed(approx.160Kbps) data transmission like ISDN(Integrated Servise Digital Network) using PSTN(Public Switching Telephone Network). To begin with, we obtains the transfer function of subscriber line to calculate the variation of bandwidth when the gain of receiver is fixed and channel capacity of non-gaussian channel in upper-and lower bound, and evaluates the transmission capability. In this paper compares channel capacity bounds which obtains when probability density function of impulsive noise is Laplacian distribution function with impulsive noise generated by waveform synthesier.

In this paper, a relationship between difference triangular sets and sum triangular sets is developed to evaluate the weighted number of the third-order intermodulation products. In addition, a lower bound of the intermodulation products falling into the worst signal channel has been derived using the relationship between difference triangular sets and sum triangular sets. The formulas of the lower bound are useful for estimating the intermodulation impairment level in satellite communication systems.

In this paper we have Investigated the effects of two wideband FDM-FM signals on n-ary QAM signal allocated between FDM-FM signals (in DIV case). Here, we assumed that the instantaneous frequency distribution of wideband FDM-FM signal is Gaussian. The numerical results of symbol error rate are given in graphs as the parameters of carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference ratio (CIR) and normalized carrier separation between QAM and FDM-FM carrier frequencies.

In this study, we have examined the multi-level QPRS system in point of error rate, which requires narrow bandwidth and has Little ISI. The generalized error rate equations of multi-level QPRS signal have been derived in the presence of Gaussian noise and co-channel CW interference. And the error rate performance of 9, 49, 225 QPRS system is investigated as parameters of carrier power-to-noise power, carrier power-to -interference power. Also, we have investigated the effect of carrier offset.

In this paper a DPLL circuit realizable by digital IC's is propose and the principles of general DPLL are described. An all Digital phase locked loop is designed, analyzed, and tested. In particular, the approach of invoking Gaussian assumption on the decision variable and based on S.O.Rices theory is used. As a performance of the above PLL detector operating on low data rate FSK is given and demonsrtated to be FSK reception.

In order to implement DEQPSK modem without using analog phase shifter, the waveform synthesizing method is suggested in the modulation part and the received signal is demodulated by the waveform matching method using the processor.

This paper decribes a new technique for the generation of excitation sources in LPC system. We synthesize a speech signal using several excitation sources, according to residual signal energy and ZCR(zero Crossing Rate). One of the excitation sources mix the double differentiated glottal wave form source and noise source. As a result, we got improved speech signal than that produced by conventional LPC system.

Error control performance of punctured convolutional codes is considered in digital mobile radio communication wherein GMSK and DQPSK are assumed to be employed as a modulation scheme. Bit error rates of the two modulation systems with the punctured convolutional code are computed, and compared each other, some good punctured convolutional codes are searched and listed fork practical application to the digital mobile radio communication.

This paper suggests a model for the economic evaluation and the selection of alternatives using teletraffic. Economic evaluation is analyzed by the comparison of revenue loss which happens without trunk extension and additional revenue which results from trunk extension. Simulation technique is used as a methodology to apply economic evaluation to telephone system. The study results will provide a support in a optimal decision about investment strategies.

Listener echos, which arise in multiple 4-wire loop connections(MLC) during the evolving switched telephone network, impare voice-band data signal transmission performance. This paper first shows the calculation method of the total number of listener echo loops over N 4-wire physical loops and presents the additative law for listener echos. It next demonstrates that about 4 dB should be ensured to Eke the transmission loss of intraoffice call path be minimum for the voice-band data service in a digital local switch.

An end-to-end connect ion between customers on a network such as the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) requires a number of internal connection ammong pieces of transmission, switching and signaling equipment. New switching, transmission, and station systems, as well as new features for existing systems, are continually being developed. and the complexities are such that ensuring compatibility of signaling arrange.ent is a major concern. In this paper, we propose that new signal interface using features of SPC(Stored Program Control) and digital transmission has to be introduced into the domestic telecommunications network in the near future.

The digital private line network provides synchronous data communications over dedicated facilities at several speeds. This service became available to several major metropolitan areas in 1986 with speeds of 4800, 9600, 56000 b/s. The network is expected to grow to include many city areas. In this paper, synchronization plan for the network is proposed.

This paper describes the design and implementation of M10CN software management system which manages the current state of M10CN software. This system provides the fast search of information in the software and the exact state of the software in the M10CN exchange.

In this thesis, the architecture and design of IWS(Inter Working System) which interconnects two different networks (PSDN: Packet Switched Data Network, PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network) are described. IWS provides interconnection services for the compatibility of communication between two networks. IWS consists of network interface protocols, protocol conversion facilities and management facilities.

This paper describes the maintenance function and administration function in the IWS (InterWorking System between PSTN and PSDN) which Interconnects the PSTN and PSDN. The former function is for the stable operation of the IWS system, and the latter function is for the management of the subscriber, billing and statistics informations.

This paper describes the design and implementation of LAPD protocol for ISDN Basic Access. In protocol design, Software module is divided according to function and interfaces between modules arc defined. After that, Software structure is defined. LAPD protocol is designed by state machine design technique and implemented by SDL.

This paper describes the design of ISDN D channel Layer 3 protocol for the supplementary service after the Basic Service was implemented. It provides overview interaction diagram for user side and network side of the interface for a circuit-switched call as a design model and explains processes and signals.

Successful operation of a computer network Is dependent on the adequate routing and flow control. Routing and flow control algorithms are studied together rather than as isolated mechanism. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the flow control and routing algorithms.

We have developed 140Mb/s and 565Mb/s muldexes as parts of a 565Mb/s Optical Fiber Transmission System. Bunched frame structures are used for these muldexes. In this paper we describe their frame synchronization performance.

This paper describes the recognition boundary of Hangeul character to interpret variance factor in accordance with various combination. When the recognition algorithm based on comparing the MSE value with the one of the standard pattern in $16{\times}16$ images is performed, we come to a conclusion that we have towe must make a decision MSE value above 34 in order to achive theve recognition rate larger than 90%. Also we understand that varing component coordinates method based on statistical process of each character pattern is preferred.

This paper describes the test techniques that are used for the implementation test of signalling link function in the signalling system No.7 recommended by 0703 in CCITT red book. The test scenarios are produced by means of the state transition diagrams which are based on the specification of CCITT recommendation 0703. This test scenarios consist of five independent tasks written in MC68000 assembly language and are scheduled to be executed in multitasking kernel. This test scenarios can also be used to test signalling link function implemented in the different environment.

This paper describes the design of echo cancslling method(ECM) for transmission with full-duplex which ie transmitted on "2B+D"(144kbps)data through two-wire loop plants. The design objective is 40dB attenuation with a signal-to-noise ratio of $10{\sim}20dB$. Since the transhybrid loos can be as low as $6{\sim}10dB$, the required attenuation of the echo signal is on the order of $50{\sim}55dB$. The used algorithms based on the sign algorithm, and have been improved by using adoptive reference voltage level algorithm.

A wave difference method(WDH) phase detector for timing recovery is designed in the digital subscriber loop receiver. This paper describes the architecture and experimental results of the WDM, tankless timing extraction PLL. The results show that the designed WDM timing extraction circuit have stable jitter performance without the use of high precision LC tank circuit.

This paper proposes a kind of function-concentrated signaling service equipment structure, in which various kind of signaling service are efficiently made for call processing control. Based upon the typical switching system models, a philosophical study on the capacity, features of structure in world systems, and interfaces with peripheral equipments has been performed in order to provide the rationale on the merits or efficiency of the proposed digital signaling service equipment.

Four computational algorithms are discussed and compared which calculate the blocking probabilities in the multi-slot connection traffic for the wide-band services. The computational complexity and time can be significantly reduced, and the overflow and underflow problem can be circumvented as well, by a newly proposed algorithm, the last one.

In this paper a virtual route pacing control mechanism is introduced to the flow control of M-hop virtual route in the packet data network. The results described in this paper show us a comparison of the relationship between the throughput and the time-delay with the variation of the parameter, the normalized applied load. for the fixed window size.

Conventional major electronic switching systems based on stored program control employ a Von Neumann styled control processor. It has strict limitations such that it essentially lacks concurrency in executing instructions, which have brought the software bottleneck problem, and the capabilities of call processing are restricted by expanding system's capacity. In this paper, a new architecture of call control processor based on the data flow system is proposed, aiming at fundamental resolution for these limitations. The processor has a number of advantages in such as expansibility of system's capacity, parallel processing of calls, and so on.

Ess provides the means to detect, control, and alleviate various system overload conditions. System overload occurs when excessive demands are made on any of the three basic system resources which are hardware, software, and real time. This paper describes the overload control strategy used in No.1A ESS and shows the system status according to traffic load.

A digital switching network is proposed which is of Time - Space - Time architecture with a capacity of approximately 26,000 Erlangs. Large capacity time switchs, which have both concentration and time slot interchange(TSI) functions, are also implementated with relatively low speed devices by a newly proposed multi-write method.

This paper presents a scheme of $16{\times}16$ VLSI crosspoint chip as a key Component in future broadband switching network operating at bit rates UP to 140Mbit/s using space division switching technique. First, functional requirements of the chip are investigated in terms of a large switching unit. Then, a regeneration circuit to provide reshaping of previsiously switched signals is presented.

In this paper, we predicted the quantities of ass output messages with the generalized estimation equation based on regression model. And, to know the generalization of equation, we measured the deviation of errors between the observed and the estimated values. As a result, the proposed equation applied to sample data showed linear characteristics in some cases.

This paper describes the basic design concepts and architecture of the subscriber line test feature for the TDX-1A digital switching system. Also, implemented software structure for maintaining the multiprocessor control system employed in TDX-1A, which includes terminal server, MML, test, fault recognition and test result handling.

A digital subscriber loop transmission is a key technology to provide end-to-end digital connectivity for Integrated Service Network. And the equalization of the signal is needed for a fully digitalized connection between subscriber's premises because of the limited transmission characteristics of existing subscriber loop. This paper describes the switched capacitor equalizer for the 2B+D data transmission in TCH on existing subscriber loops.

We calculated the expected length of jumper wires on MDF(Main Distribution Frame) in case of random jumper assignment, and from the calculated results we considered an optimal method of terminal arrangement and terminal expansion for keeping the length of jumper wires short, where MDF is a large frame-work installed in a telephone office for accommodating the terminals which are used for connecting the outside facilities to the inside facilities of the telephone office. We also showed the jumper saving effect in modular frames.

This paper describes the architecture and basic function of alarm system for the TDX-1A digital switching system. Also, it is shown that implemented software structure for alarm treatment employed in distributed control system TDX-1A.

The system start-up function of TDX-1A that should be executed during installation or emergency has been designed to meet requirements of the distributed real time control system. It is performed in a centralized manner by the dedicated processor according to the maintenance and administration mechanism of the system. Upon execution, it provides information on the system state for the ESS personal. In additions, it protects the loss the charging and statistics data, and minimizes the effect on the customer service. This paper describes the design concept of the system startup function and its implementation method and also calculates its the execution time.

This paper describes the general approach to ISDN operation & maintenance. First we focused on the CCITT SG XVIII activities on the ISDN. As a general principles for operating and maintaining an ISDN they propose TMN(Telecommunication Management Network) concept which specifies several OM function modules and standard interfaces. Based on the concept we studied proper methodology to set up an efficient OM structure under the ISDN environments.

In this paper, the requirement specification of the LAN which will be used in the New Directory Assistance System is outlined. And phisical design of the LAN using the repeater/bridge, which is used for communication efficiency and reliability and logical design using the LAT/DECnet are described. Finally a method for load balancing between CPUs is proposed.

This describes the standardization plan of data format (track 2) in magnetic stripe card and message format between terminal and host computer. The track 2's data format is composed of PAN and additional data based on ISO 3554. In the present social status of Korea, the VISA B message format is recommended.

This paper describes the implementation of HMHS (Hangul Message Handling System) using EAN based on CClTT X.400 protocols and X.200 protocols. The implemented HMHS allows users to use Hangul user name, Hangul address and Hangul commands as well as English.

This paper proposes analytic models of the large scale ESS's control system which has the multiprocessor architecture. The performance indices such as the ringback tone delay, busy tone delay, queue length and processor idletime are investigated through the analytic model. The system bottleneck is also analyzed. For the validation of analytic models, its simulation is performed using the SDL/SIM package for the case of 100,000 subscribers. From computer simulation, the results of analytic models are shown to be similar to the results of simulation models, which validates the analytic models.

This paper proposes a basic implementation of bi-directional transition system between Korean and Japanese. The syntactic structure of Korean language is very similar to that of Japanese. In order to use the same main program for bi-directional translation, system is classified into two parts. One is directly translatable part and the other is untranslatable part by direct matching because of different structure. Solving these problems, the syntactic and semantic informations control bi-directional interpreting process and make equivalent syntactic level between two languages.

Non-monotonic logic is one in which the introduction of new axioms can eliminate old theorems. Such logic is very important in modeling the beliefs of the systems which, in the presence of complete information, must make and subsequently revise assumptions in light of new observations. In the present paper, we suggest that the formal systems, such as Reiter's default logic could be the useful implement for the specification and description of non-monotonic systems. WE develop a theory of inheritance network in order to illustrate the benefits of this theory.

This paper describes a User Guidance System that extracts Conceptual Structure from the input sentence by use of en theory and performs Question Answering in Teletex Manual domain. It uses Frame typed knowledge base and Frame recognizer as Link procedure between CD structure and Frame controller.

This paper proposes a Korean-Japanese Machine Translation System that processes unregistered words, modifiers and compound sentences. In mophological analysis, the unregistered words are processed by using unregistered word processing algorithm. The modifiers are processed by consulting noun-attributes and grammar rules. The compound sentence processing algorithm recognizes whether the sentence that includes commas is compound sentence or not. This system performs on IBM-PC/AT DOS using Prolog-1.

This study presents mental model based on cognitive psychology and deals with implementation of associative comparator using learning automata with random access memories.

In this paper, we have studied a communication protocol which may provide Audio/Video data transmission in real time. Auido/Video data have its own characteristics. A new transport protocol with realtime constraint has been designed and implemented which performs dynamic error control and flow control depending on the characteristics of transmitted Audio/Video data. Since the receiving data can be predicted from the previously received data using the prediction function in Auido/Video data transmission, these functions are introduced in our transport protocol that may possibly improve the speed of data transmission and give a real time response. We have tested our transport protocol and measured the performance by the simulation. We assume that our transport protocol would be used in LAN environment. Our prime purpose is to provide a reliable and real time Auido/Video data transmission service.

This paper shows some results on the reconstruction of a 3-D structural information of contour map image obtained from camera. To extract height, 2 image frames are used, one for ordering of the contour and the other for height calculation. Wire frame method and Phong shading algorithm are used for 3-D reconstruction.

This paper describes the procedure of recognizing the On-line Korean characters which are written on a graphic tablet. The effective recognition of primitives is performed by the use of stroke unit proceeding instead of coordinate unit under the base of definition of characteristic points which are fit to Korean character through the application of the characteristics of korean characters & input data on graphic tablet.

This study is to show the method of corresponding points-detection by sampling and normalizing. And it explains the procedures of the animation package which generate animation through the collation of image codes.

In this paper, we drive useful data from 3-D depth information as input using discontinuity boundary or clustering. And using magnitude and direction of z-gradient we classify the data into adaptable primitive types through intrinsic and stochastical processing. After these processing information is reconstructed for forming data base. And make relationship and standard view position for matching.

In this paper, a new ray tracing algorithm which uses space subdivision method is introduced. In order to reduce huge number of ray-surface intersection calculation, the space is subdivided as lattice that contains minimum number of objects. With lattice structure, the process that calculates unnecessary ray-surface intersection is eliminated.

Images are 2-dimensional projection of 3-dimensional scenes and many problems of scene analysis arise due to inherent depth ambiguities in a monocular 2-D image. Therefore, depth recovery is a crucial problem in image understanding. This paper proposes modified algorithm which is focused on accurate correspondnce in stereo vision. The feature we use is zero-crossing points and the similarity measure with two property evaluation function is used to estimate initial probability. And we introduce relaxation technique for accurate and global correspondence.

The Rapid transform is used in the recognition of Korean (Consonant) characters. The test pattern is represented by two gray levels (0 and 1). A 2-dimensinal rapid transform of the test pattern is computed. Feature selection is carried out in the Rapid transform domain. These features are used with the corresponding features of the template patterns in features of the template patterns in computing the Euclidian distance function and the decision is made based on the minimum distance criterion. Experimental results show that recognition rate is 94%.

In this paper, we describe the principle, the procedure and calculation of the measurement. Finally the experimental results are shown and discussions are given. Interpreting of a skewed symmetry in the image as a real symmetry in the 3-D space provides strong constraints on 3-D sharp analysis. In order to apply the idea to the real scene, a method is presented which can find the skewed symmetry in the image of the skewed symmetrical object, even if it is occluded partly. there parameters of the skewed symmetry are estimated by examining peaks in two 2-D hough spaces, onto which the parameters of all candidates of boundary line segments for skewed symmetries are voted. The method is characterized with a small amount of computation, finding of multiple symmetry axes and inference of the occluded parts of the symmetrical object.

Zero-crossing analysis techniques have been applied to speech recognition. Zero-crossing rate, level-crossing rate and differentiated zero-crossing rate in time domain we used in analyzing speech signals. Speech samples could be stored in memory buffer in real time.

This paper describes a method which detects the phrase and clause in Korean sentences. By analysing modificatory relation of modifier and modified word in Korean, two rules are defined. (1) The rules of phrase and clause. (2) The rules of separation points. As the result of this method, the conceptual units are easily elicited from the Korean sentence.

In this paper, we report a method for the primitive segments extraction from printed Korean characters without thinning as a preliminary stage to design an efficient recognition system. The primitive segments are defined by fundamental subpatterns which are vertical(I), right sloping(/), left. sloping(\). horizontal(-), and circular segment(o). The circular segment among the five kinds of segment is different from the others in geometrical properties. Therefore, at first, the circular segment is extracted by using the closed circle of the inner boundary and the geometrical characteristics of its outer. Next, linear segments are separated from the character pattern by means of a directional coding method. Finally, primitive segments are extracted from each set of linear segments by using a projection profile which involves the fact whether the segment has branches or not. The experimental results show that this method reduces computation time and storage space in comparision with the existing methods.

본 논문은 한글 자모 인식에 관한 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구는 한글패턴을 독립된 자소의 부분패턴으로 나누어서 특정점들(끝점, 7굴곡점, T굴곡점)을 추출하여 각 굴곡점에서 연결되는 점과의 벡터를 글자의 크기에 관계없도록 하기 위해 크기가 1인 단위벡터를 구한 후 이들의 합성벡터를 생성한다. 생성된 합성벡터들의 수, 벡터들이 지준축과 이루는 각, 그리고 특정점들의 수로부터 한글의 기본 자모를 분류하는 과정을 연구하였다. 입력된 한글패턴은 이미 세선화가 된 자모패턴으로 하였다.

한국어 음소 인식 시스템의 구현을 위한 한 단체로써 한국어 모음의 분류를 위한 시스템을 설계하였다. 특징 파라미터로는 에너지, 영교차율 그리고 제 1, 제 2, 제 3 포르만트를 사용하였다. [아, 어, 오, 우, 으, 이, 에, 애]의 8개의 단모음에 해당하는 총 132개의 음성 데이터에 대하여 실험하였다. 각각의 모음에 대한 포르만트의 평균치를 구한 뒤 이들의 값을 표준 패턴으로 갖는 인식 시스템을 구현한다. 구현된 인식 시스템에 의하여 새로운 음성의 모음부가 어떤 모음인지를 인식하며 결정할 때의 거리 측정 방식으로는 선형분류 함수를 사용하였다. 132개의 모음에 대하여 62.9%의 인식율을 나타내었다.

This paper describes of VME-BSA which is a tool for the development, mainternance and repair. In micro/mini computer system using VMEbus as a backplane bus, VME-BSA has some good facilities such as acquiring, storing and analyzering the information (address, data, etc.) on VMEbus according to the various condition which is set by users, and therefore it is easy to isolate and find many complete errors on bus.

In this paper, the Adjacency Matrix is applied to analyze the MIN, which is one of the kind and further implemented in designing the new kind of SSIN, which provides the special form of MIN that has identical link patterns between switching stages. At first, new theorems are established and next the classes of the SSIN are generated from computer simulation.

Previous methods to map from a FORTRAN-like specification into a systolic array were difficult to find data dependencies because the specification was expressed and executed sequentially. Data-flow graph(DFG)s show data dependencies explicitly. In this paper we show a mapping tool from a DFG specification into a systolic array. We introduce the concept of a Systolic Pattern Stream(SPS) and use that concept to derive a systolic array.

This paper proposes a method which distributes the structure data represented by a tree and handles it. To distribute and handle the structure data, this method partitions a structure data and distributes the partitioned structure in multiple processing element and allocates the partitioned structure. Each processing element includes the structure memory to store the partitioned structure and the structure controller to handle efficiently the distributed structure. As the structure is distributed and is stored in the structure memory and is handled by the structure controller, the processing time is reduced.

This paper introduces distributed processes- a new language concept for concurrent programming. It is proposed for real-time applications controlled by computer network with distributed storage. These processes communicate and syschronize by means of procedure calls and guarded regions. The paper gives several examples of distributed processes.

In designing and implementing of a distributed system, a programming language which can describe and implement the various interactions between distributed processes in distributed systems is indispensible. High level language constructs such as concurrency. process synchronization between distributed processes and mutually exclusive access to common data could be built in a distributed programming language under the proper support of a language kernel. In this paper, we studied the language constructs a distributed programming language must have and specified the kernel supports necessary in implementing that high level language constructs.

We discuss several issues related to the sorting algorithms on hypercube machine. The efficiencies of the algorithms are compared under the simpler assumption and the load balancing problem arising from the various algorithms and the data distribution is also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to develop a systematic tool which can reduce the abstractness of the structured programming disciplines by a system. The system is an interactive software which forces the user to think and write software in a hierarchical stepwise refinement fashion for an implementation of the software design. The program produced by the system has a program control structure and a logic flow which are very easy to recognize. The modification of a program is, therefore, easier to attain by altering the specifications of the modules involved. It is possible to reduce the programming errors because of those characteristics.

This paper designs parser using GPSC for syntactic and semantic analysis of English input sentences. By use of a number of unification-based principles and Tomita's algorithm, syntactic analysis is described. Also in semantic analysis, Montague semantics is used.

This paper analyzes the statistical and scientific entity-aspect model for statistical and scientific databases(SSDB's). The statistical and scientific entity-aspect model(SEAM) is defined an example of the application of the statistical and scientific entity-aspect model is represented. Finally, the statistical and scientific entity-aspect model as a design tool for SSDB is evaluated and the further research areas are suggested.

This paper presents a distributed algorithm for deadlock detection in distributed computing system. The deadlock could be detected optimally from cycle. This algorithm maintains the Process-Resource Table and it could be found the deadlock from the table.

A syntactic and semantic approach is used to make type classification based on feature points(whorl, delta, core) and the shape of flow line around feature points. The image is divided into 30 by 30 subregions which are represented in the average direction and 4-tuple direction component. Next the relaxation process with singularity detection and convergency checking is performed. A set of semantic languages is used to describe the major flow line around the extracted feature points. LR(1) parser and feature transfer function are used to recognize the coded flow patterns. The 72 fingerprint impressions is used to test the proposed approach and the rate of the classification is about 93 percentages.

A novel temperature difference-to-frequency converter using two resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) has been developed. The resistance difference of two RTDs is converted into its equivalent inductance to form the resonant circuit of the Colpitts oscillator. The conversion sensitivity of $16\;Hz/^{\circ}C$ and the residual nonlinearity less than 2.15% over the temperature difference range from $35^{\circ}C$ to $155^{\circ}C$ are obtained by the prototype converter. The frequency drift of oscillator itself is ${\pm}0.5\;Hz$. Thus, the minimum detectable temperature difference is estimated to be ${\pm}0.013^{\circ}C$. The proposed converter, except for two RTDs, can be fabricated in monolithic IC form.

A new analog-la-digital structure. called cyclic-parallel analog-to-digital(A/D) converter, has been developed for video applications. It consists of a M-bit parallel A/D converter, a digital-to-analog(D/A) converter, a differencing amplifier with gain of $2^M$ and two sample-and-hold circuits. In this structure, the input signal is circulated around the circuits K times, thereby converted into a MK-bit digital word. The proposed converter retains speed advantages of conventional series-parallel converters, with half reduced circuit components.

A network flow control method, input buffer limit technique which can adjusts the transit traffics in a node, is proposed. The transit traffics that occupy node buffers more threshold are decreased. It has better performance than input buffer limit. The proposed flow control is analyzed by queueing model. Numerical results of some example are shown.

The design of flow control protocols for integrared networks with complete voice traffic on the data link level is investigated. The class of admissible flow control policies analyzed maximized the average data link throughput subject to an average system time delay constraints a finite intervals (O,s). In particular, it is shown that the optimum control law is bang-bang (window flow mechanism). The window size L can be analytically derived from maximum tolerated time delay T, the input arrival C of the queueing system, the duration of the time interval S, the initial number of packets in the queue.

The resequence delay is an important performance measure in a store-and-forword computer network where messages go out of order while traversing logical channel. An analysis of the total delay including resequence delay is presented for M/M/L queueing system with 2 class heterogeneous servers and improvement of delay performance is investigated by simulation.

The input-output relation for nonlinear systems can be explicitly represented by the Volterra functional series and it is characterized by the Volterra kernels. A block diagram reduction method is proposed to determine the Volterra kernels and is compared with the direct substitution technique. The former method can significantly reduce the computational complexity.

Digital systems are increasingly being used in the ranges of many control engineering. The residue number system offers the possibility of high speed operation and error correction. The compact self-checking pulse-train residue arithmetic circuit is proposed. A fault tolerant digital filter is practically implemented using these proposed circuits.

Recently, new fast transform (such as discrete Hartley Transform) have been proposed which are best suited for the computation of real sequence. Two approaches using Fourier or Hartley transform are first compared. This paper is treated real sequence, compared number of addition of cyclic convolution with using the FFT and FHT the convolution technique is defined as a separating system impulse response to the given input and output of the system.

This paper presents a method for computing the powers and inverse of an element in GF($2^m$). This method is based on the squaring algorithm $A^2=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{2m-2}P_i$, where $Pi={\alpha}_{i/2}$ if i is even, Pi=0 otherwise, derived from the multiplication algorithm for two elements in GF($2^m$). The powers and inverses in GF($2^m$) for m=2, 3, 4,5 were obtained using computer program, and used in circuit realization of Galois switching function. The squaring and inverse generating circuits are also shown.

This paper develops algorithms of element generation, addition, multiplication and inversion based on GF($2^m$). Since these algorithms are implemented by general purpose computer, these are more efficient than the conventional algorithms(Table Lookup, Euclid's Algorithm) in each operation. It is also implied that they can be applied to not only the normally defined elements but the arbitrarily defined ones for constructing multi-valued logic function.

본 연구는 전자부품이 회로기판에 삽입된 후 이를 측정하기 위한 연구로서, 점차 제품의 신뢰도를 요구하는 현 국내.외 실정에 이의 연구는 시급히 필요한 것으로 사료되어 1단계로 단락 측정을 포함한 간단한 기능을 측정하기 위한 방법을 연구한 것이다.

가솔린 엔진용 전자 제어 에뮬레이션 시스템은 엔진의 운전 상태를 알려 주는 각종 센서로 감지한 정보를 A/D변환기를 통해 마이크로프로세서에 입력시키고, 이 정보를 이용하여 운전 상태를 분석한 후 엔진이 푤요로 하는 연료량, 점화시기, 배기가스의 재순환량, 공회전수 등을 전자적으로 제어하여 엔진의 최적제어를 실현시킴으로서 연료소비율 및 배기가스 중 공해물질 함량을 감소시키기 위한 장치이다.

무인공장 자동화는 크게 단위 생산기기, 계측장비 및 관리의 자동화가 함께 구성되어야 하며 이들 각각은 이미 개발되어 사용되고 있으나 이들의 종합적인 연관제어가 이루어지고 있지 않다고 본다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이들 모두를 연관 제어할 수 있는 방안에 대하여 설계하고자 한다.

Adaptive control for robot manipulator controller has been considered as an effective approach because robot dynamic models contain the nonlinearities and uncertainties. This paper present an approach for the position and velocity control of a manipulator by using the seif-tuning type controller for each point. The complicated model manipulator system is modeled by a set of time series difference equation. The parameters of the models are determined by online recursive algorithms. Finally some remarks on the effectiveness and applications of adaptive controller are discussed.

In this paper, the application of AMFC(adaptive model - following-control) algorithm to the D.C motor speed control is investigated by using the 68000 microprocessor. Computer simulation in discrete AMFC algorithm shows that output errors caused by the external input and the variation of parameters in D.C motor are converged to zero.

We have developed a Ultra Sound Pulsed Doppler System with two-dimensional M-mode image and Spectrum analyzer. The image of the M-mode is composed of time and depth axes. The Spectrum analyzer shows the spectrum of Doppler signal which represents the velocity component of time dependent blood-flow behavior. The spectrogram using Spectrum analyzer is composed of frequency and amplitude axes. The outputs of the system are audio signals, velocity curves, velocity profiles, M-mode images and spectrogram.

In this paper, we had designed and fabricated the integrated circuit of AM tuner system for car. The very important characteristics of this system need very good sensitivity, selectivity and very strong automatic gain control function. In this system we had designed, maximum sensitivity is about 21dBu, selectivity above 40dB, AGC range above 80dB, etc. We had fabricated this IC using SST standard linear process.

It is shown that the singularly perturbed continuous-time system is led to two different discrete versions according to slow or fast sampling rates. The design of stabilizing feedback control of singularly perturbed discrete-time stochastic system is decomposed into the design of slow and fast controllers, which is combined to form the composite control. Composite control law is derived for the case of both single rate measurement and multirate measurement.

본 논문은 N이 서로소인 두 자연수 $N_1$과 $N_2$로 분해되는 경우에 대하여 이산코사인 변환의 소인수 분해 계산기법 및 이를 위한 인덱스 매핑을 고찰하고 있다. 소인수 분해 알고리즘의 유도과정에 나타나는 관계식들을 표의 형태로 변형시키고, 이 인덱스 매핑 표들을 바탕으로 이산 코사인 변환을 구현하는 방법이 소개되어 있다.

In this paper, a new focusing method, to be called the sampled delay focusing (SDF), is proposed. This method improves the lateral resolution in ultrasound imaging system. In SDF, the analog delay lines are no longer necessary because sampling sum process can replace the conventional delay sum process. Also, this method offers continuous dynamic focusing on the resolution pixel basis if the maximum delay time is less than the sampling interval. Second order sampling is adopted in order to extend the sampling interval.

With the convention CW Doppler velocity meter, bi-directional velocities cannot be separated. The new CW Doppler system usee quadrature detection and phase rotation to Produce simultaneous independent audio and velocity signals for forward and reverse blood flow direction, is fabricated. Specially, this system shows that phase rotation method for flow direction separation provides easy and satisfactory feature. From in vivo blood flow measurement, can easily differentiate typical artery flow from vein flow. and measure both velocity characteristics qualitatively.

To characterize the biological tissues, the new methods to measure the frequency dependent attenuation are presented in this paper. In general, ultrasonic phase information was assumed by linear function of the frequency. But, the minimum phase function which characterizes the frequency dispersion of tissue was derived in [l]. It is very significant to measure the attenuation by using the minimum phase function to characterize the frequency dispersion of tissue. Therefore, a more efficient method measuring the frequency dependent attenuation are proposed by using the estimated sound velocity and polarity of reflected signal. To verify the algorithms, pulse reflection experiments are performed.

Cepstral analysis was performed on the ultrasonic echo signal from the tissue to achieve improvement on the estmation of the attenuation coefficient. In this paper, the feasibility of the acquiring the structural information of the tissue was also included by same method with band pass lifter.

In this paper an approach for the analysis of the transient field response of radially symmetric transducer due to a wideband ultrasonic pulse is presented, which is based on a development of Green's function and applies the linear system theory to obtain an analytic expression for the impulse response of an annulus with a planar or spherical geometry. For the focused annular array, the impulse responses of the indivisual annuli are convolved with the delayed excitation pulse, and then summed to obtain the resultant response of the array. This process is very effective in the study of the various focusing abilities of the annular array. For illustration, the field distribution of a five element annular array is treated in detail for several focusing system.

This paper gives a new SRF (Sonic Range Finder) Array formation on the mobile robot. This SRF Array formation obtaine the mobile robot's environmental informations wider and faster than the other systems and detects the obstacles in the robot's path. It is processed and controlled by 8031, on-chip micro-computer. SRF Array sensors are drived by the LM1812 transceiver and selected by the 8-channel channel multiplexer. In this paper, it detects the obstacles in wider range and gives them to the MAIN to design the shortest modify path.

This paper describes the mobile robot system to recognize the guidance tape, and presents the locomotion algorithm. This system converts video imago to binary image by setting an optimal threshold and obtains the parameters to move the robot. The mobile robot moves according to the programmed route in memory. But after recognized the obstacle on the locomotion routs, this system constructs the new route and the robot moves following the new route.

In this study, a new implementation of an adaptive noise filter is proposed to eliminate timevarying 60Hz noise and its harmonics in ECG signal. The new technique was applied to the ECG and it was found in the experiment that it showed much better characteristics than conventional method.

This paper suggests several simple and efficient algorithms for detecting the ECG Signal by Microcomputer's software. The ECG signal detection was performed with the Linear Approximation and the feature extraction. The linear transformation approximates a given waveform by a piecewise-linear function with a preset upper bound on the absolute error between the functional values of the original function and the approximation. And the feature extraction from ECG signal, the features are different wave amplitudes, durations and interwave intervals, used the slope, the amplitude and time-Duration of ECG Sinal.

With the stochastic process which consists of the harmonic sinusoid and the white nosie, the power spectrum of background EEG is estimated by the Pisarenko Harmonic Decomposition. The estimating results are examined and compared with the results from the maximum entropy spectral estimation, and the optimal order of this model can be determined from the eigen value's fluctuation of autocorrelation of background EEG. From the comparing results, this paper ensures that this method is possible to analyze the power spectrum of background EEG.

Cardiac arrhythmias are associated with electrical Instability and, hence, with abnormal mechanical activity of the heart in many cases, arrhythmias can be treated with drugs or electric shock to control and/or stop them. Hence fast arrhythmia detection is very important. In this paper RR interval, QRS width, and morphology are used for diagnosis and QRS complex is detected by hardware system. hence diagnosing time is shorten. Moreover doctors or nurses who have little knowledge of computer manipulation can get the Information of Patient's ECG by showing characteristics of abnormal waveform and by mapping graphs of RR interval .vs. QRS width and RR interval .vs. morphology on screen.

In this paper, we represent the development of microcomputer-based monitoring system which monitors patient's states-ECG, blood pressure, temperature and respiration. And since data acquisition and system controls are processed by microprocessor, this system improved the conventional method.

A method of quantitative electrocardiogram analysis, based on concepts drawn from syntactic pattern recognition theories, is described. The algorithm can be used for removing the Interference noises and base line drift as a filter function, and for reducing the number of points representing the digitized ECG waveform. The Parsing is performed with simple finite state automata inferred by experiments and suitable to be updated during experiment execution. Two parameters are utilized for defining the noise and these make the algorithm flexible. The examples for testing the algorithm is real ECG waveforms with noise. Some experimental results lire presented.

An finite element code has been developed to calculate current flowing through an 8-node trilinear cubic element from the calculated potentials on the eight node. This code was implemented to the three-dimensional thoracic model for impedance cardiography to find the total currents in the z-direction flowing through the layers which are parallel to x-y plane. The accuracy of the total current was estimated from its variation among the layers. It was found that the accuracy of the total currents in the layers was less than 0.6%.

In noninvasive temperature measurement within body, this paper is presented temperature measurement method in security and with effect from Applicator by electromagnetic, and it is analyzed heat generation quantity or temperature rise distribution by computer simulation within body. In this paper, two-dimensional model is considered and temperature distribution produced by RF capacitive heating system is analyzed by using Finit Element Method (F.E.M). A passibility of temperature distribution control is examined based on the position and size of Applicator.

NMR spectrum analysis is performed to obtain the preliminary data for cancer detection. As NMR spectrum of plasma is dominated by the resonances of water, the resonances of plasma lipoprotein lipid is obscured by the water resonance. Thus, we can obtain the signal of plasma lipoprotein lipid using Ultracentrifugation. we analyzed the spectrum measuring the mean line widths of the methyl and methylene resonances for normal control group. As a result, the line width was Hz To obtain a potentially valuable approach to the detection of cancer, the performance of additional clinical trials in larger populations will be made.

We have analized electrical error factors generated in the digitizing process of the linear scanning digital radiography system, and obtained improved results using error calibration hardwares. And characteristics of digital radiography system were evaluated by measuring several imaging properties.

This paper presents a design of an optimized implantable biotelemetry system and the fabrication of custom CMOS LSI for implementing this system. The internal circuits of this system are fabricated on a single silicon chip with a size of $4{\times}5mm^2$. This LSI is designed and fabricated not only to get as small size and low power dissipation as possible, but also to have multiple function. Its main functions are to select one of implanted sensors and to accomplish ON - OFF power switching of an implanted battery by receiving appropriate Command signals and control signals fran external circuits. The internal system which was assembled on a bread-board using fabricated LSI chip is confirmed to work as designed. The total power dissipation of this interal system was $10.12{\mu}W$.

Hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer has been introduced for a long time and the biological effect for the use of hyperthermia to malignant tumors has been well established and encouraging clinical results has been observed. Unfortunately, the engineering or technical aspects of hyperthermia for the deep seated tumors has not been satisfactory. We have researched and developed the radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia system (GHT- RF8). It was composed with 8-9 MHZ RF generator, capacitive electrode, matching system, cooling system, temperature measuring system and control computer. The thermal profile was investigated in agar phantom, animals and in human tumors, which was heated with capacitive RF device.

Bone and tissue, the major components of human body, can be separated by Dual Energy Method. We present a basic idea to this technique, and discuss the experimental procedure and result. The basic system is the Digital Radiography System which was developed in Dep. of Biomedical Eng. in Seoul National University Hospital.

A new type of motor-driven Total Artificial Heart(TAH) system with rolling cylinder mechanism has been developed. Brushless DC motor was chosen as energy converter and controlled by PI controller according to the given velocity profile under the highly time-varying load. Computer simulation was also performed to calculate the optimal gains of PI controller which minimize the input power, one of the most important parameter in artificial heart system.

In this study, the excitation pattern, which can be sensated by a man having hearing loss due to the damage of inner ear, is extracted, and the procedure of the auditory speech signal processing is simulated with the computer. Therefore, the excitation pattern is extracted by the neural tuning model satisfying the physiological characteristic of the inner ear and by the infor.ation extracted from speech signal. The firing pattern is also extracted by inputting this excitation pattern to the auditory neural model. With this extracted firing pattern, the possibility that the patient can sensate the speech signal is studied by the computer simulation.

This paper describes the design of digital signal processing system for the automatic diagnosis of ECG. The system comprises analog hardware, digital hardware, and control system by microcomputer. Also, since digital signal processing system can be equipped easily in microcomputer for the compact size(Single board), We expect to develop the Portable ECG Automatic Diagnosis System using this System.

This paper describes a design of the expert system for diagnosis of abnormal gait patients. This system makes the rule-based representation that can easily extend the knowledge-base and naturally represent the uncertainty, and the inference engine that uses forward chaining which covers the reasoning from the first condition to the goal. The results of inferring various maladies using this system are as follows: 1) In cases of progressive muscular dystrophy, cerebral vascular accident, peripheral neuropathic lesion and peroneal nerve injury, the result of inference is the same as that of medical specialists' with 100% accuracy. 2) In cases of Neuritis, Paralysis agitan and Brain tumor, the accuracy of inference is less than 50% compared to that of medical specialists. With above results, we decide that the rule-based representations of some maladies ard accurate relatively, but that the correction and the extention of some rules and some methods of problem solving are required in order to construct the complete expert system for diagnosis of abnormal gait patients.

본 연구는 머리운동 제어 시스템에 대한 생체 물리학적인 모델링과 시뮬레이션을 통하여 모델의 동특성을 조사하였으며, 생체운동(머리-안구)의 상호 관계를 비교하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 시스템을 구성하고 있는 매개변수의 변화가 출력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 감도해석법을 써서 감도계수를 구한 결과, 입력 제어신호의 펄스높이(PH), 동근의 펄스폭(PW1), 길항근의 펄스폭(PW2)이, 시스템의 출력특성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 매개변수 임을 알 수 있었다. 2) 비 선형 제어모델의 선형화를 통하여 선형모델의 응답특성과 크나큰 차이가 없음을 알았다. 3) Main-Sequence도를 작성하여 실험 데이터와 비교한 결과, 거의 일치함으로서 모델의 타당성을 입증하였다. 4) 머리운동이 시간최적으로 응답하기 위해서는 bang-bang 제어법칙이 적용되어야 함을 알았다. 5) 머리운동이 목표점에 도달하는 순간에는 길항근의 역제통 펄스가 가해 짐으로서, 길항근이 궤적의 마지막 부분을 지배함을 알았다. 6) 머리-안구운동의 main-sequence도를 비교 함으로서 상호관계를 규명하였다. 앞으로는 이 모델링 법을 개선확장하면, 비행시 파일럿의 생체 시뮬레이션, 헬멧 조준 사격 시스템등의 항공공학, 생체의용공학 연구 및 제어입력을 생체신호로 하는 로봇틱스 연구에 본 연구 방법은 유용하리라 생각된다.

This paper describes the design of ECG data preprocess module for the ECG signals. This module process the data obtained from two channels. It is composed of the AID converter, QRS detector, one chip micro-computer and memory. This module performs the following functions;digital filtering, R wave detection and determination of reference point for the ST segment. The measured points are transfered to the next data module by the interrupt process. This preprocessor data module is available to the basis for the parallel data processing for the real time automatic diagnosis.

This paper proposes a new algorithm for finding the vertex location of triangle and rectangle. The algorithm accumulates the number of occurrences of chain codes which range from 0 to 7 and computes the location of vertices using the accumulated value. Hardware and software system were constructed using IBM-PC/AT and VAX-11/780 for the experiment.

This thesis aims at studying laplacian pyramid vector quantization which keeps a simple compression algorithm and stability against various kinds of image data. To this end, images are devied into two groups according to their statistical characteristics. At 0.860 bits/pixel and 0.360 bits/pixel respectively, laplacian pyramid vector quantization is compared to the existing spatial domain vector quantization and transform coding under the same condition in both objective and subjective value. The laplacian pyramid vector quantization is much more stable against the statistical characteristics of images than the existing vector quantization and transform coding.

This Paper proposed the modified binary n-gram algorithm for the contextual post processing system in English sentence. Backward gram was used to correct the first position error in a word. It is not requires additional storage but more times of comparison it allows interactive correction routine. Experiments were implemented using PASCAL language on a micro computer, IBM PC/XT. This algorithm improves the correction rate around $4{\sim}5%$ on a limited experimental environments.

본 논문은 북미 표준방식인 문자다중방송 시스템에서 표현계층 코드 및 한글코드를 처리하여 TV 화면에 표시하는 방식에 대한 연구이다.

Two edge detection methods are devised and tested. First one makes use of mean-difference between two connected regions after bimodal thresholding within a local window. It appears experimentally to provide reduced edge width maintaining good connectivity. It seems due to the use of the threshold obtained from a larger neighborhood. Second one uses additionally the gradient information to detect approximate zero crossing points of second directional derivative. This provides edges thinned nearly to one pixel width.

Laplacian of Gaussian, ${\nabla}^2G$ operator proposed by Marr and Hildreth is known as a rough bandpass filter. This paper shows how to detect the change of intensity corresponding to an arbitrary spatial frequency in an image using ${\nabla}^2G$ operator.

This paper describes a new automatic bi-level image segmentation algorithm which determines local thresholds by applying a locally adaptive edge detection technique to a variable threshold selection method. Computer simulations show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is more robust than those of automatic global thresholding methods.

This paper presents a new automatic multithreshold selection method which is based on the threshold selection method proposed by Otsu. This method can overcome some of limitations of the Otsu's method. An optimal threshold is selected by the new criterion so as to maximize the separability in all subregions. To get multiple thresholds, the procedure may be recursively applied to the resultant classes which are determined by the proposed evaluation measure.

In this paper, an efficient data compression algorithm for binary image is proposed. This algorithm makes use of the fact that boundaries contain all the information about such images. The compression efficiency is then further increased by efficient coding of Boundary Information Matrix. The comparison of performance with modified Huffman coding was made by a computer simulation with some images. The results of simulation showed that the proposed algorithm was more efficient than modified Huffman code.

IN ADAPTIVE LINEAR PREDICTION, AN ADAPTIVE CAPABILITY IS BUILT INTO THE PROCESSOR SUCH THAT AS THE IMAGE STATISTICS CHANGE, THE PREDICTION FILTER COEFFICIENTS THEMSELVES CHANGE, PRODUCING A NEW FILTER MORE CLOSELY OPTIMIZED TO THE NEW SET OF IMAGES STATISTICS. THE LMS ALGORITHM MAY BE USED TO ADAPT THE COEFFICIENT OF AN ADAPTIVE PREDICTION FILTER FOR IMAGE SOURCE ENCODING. IN THIS PAPER, TWO CODING SYSTEMS USING DPCM AND LMS ALGORITHMS RESPECTIVELY FOR OBTAINING THE FIRST TRANSFORMED COEFFICIENT IN HYBRID CODING ARE COMPARED.

This paper concerns, the method for velocity of dynamic Image on two dimensional sequence Image which can be obtained from two sample lines on the street. The velocity of a single moving object Is measured by the number of total frame which Is required when an automobile passes over the second sample line through the first sample line. The measured results show that the velocity error Is less than 5% comparing with the value measured by X-band speed gun.

In this paper, we describe not only extraction method of moving object by difference image but also automatic target tracking algorithm. Proposed algorithm track the moving target by the calculation of moving target's center. The results show that this algorithm can apply to practical device such as real time target tracker.

This paper describes the image data compression based on the image decomposition. We reduced the processing time using the segmentation based on the distribution of grey level, and obtained high compression rate using the Huffman run-length coding for the segmented image, and the 2-Dimensional least square curve fitting and the shift coder for each region.

It is difficult to detect edge segments from a noisy image since the image have a noise in piratical applications which utilize some type of visual input capability. Hence, the proposed algorithm consists of the modality tests based on parallel statistical tests without a noise removal preprocessing or postprocessing, and the edge detection technique With one-Pixel edge segments in this paper. The algorithm is very reliable and effective in the case of those situations where the Picture is poor quality and low resolution. And it does'nt require thinning operation and thresholding in hand. Experimental comparision With the more conventional techniques when applied to typical low-quality Pictures confirms good capabilities of the algorithm.

Photoconductive target was fabricated to make vidicon available. In order for a vidicon to operate well, it is essential that the target have high photosensitivity, low image lag, and high resolution. In the vidicon mode analysis, photosensitivity of 0.8, image lag of 30%, resolution of 300 TV lines, and the S/N ratio of 30 dB at 10 lux illumination were measured.

X-ray filmed data converted by Image digitizer were processed through the digital computer for edge detections. Sobel operator with the high-pass and the low-pass filtering of the histogram of the images were applied to this work and 3 examples were processed.

Median filter techniques were applied to the chest radiographs for the digital image processing. Histogram distributions were transformed to convert the gray level for detections of the small gray deviations of the image boundaries.

In this paper, the effective and reasonal recognition method is represented for 3-D images. For effective computation, we contrive PDL generation algorithm and show recognition process of the PDL list by Prolog. In this results, it is possible to recognize the 3-D image in real-time.

An important problem in edge detection is to select a proper threshold that transforms the gradient picture to e two level picture containing optimum edges between regions, Such a threshold is determined depending on some measures of errors in tresholding. In this paper, an error criterion on extracting edges by thresholding the block gradient image is presented. Based on the error measure, the optimum threshold is chosen for the detection of acceptable edges.

In this paper, an adaptive DPCM scheme is presented for encoding monochrome images with easy hardware implementation at a transmission rate of exactly 1 bit/pel. The system is mainly composed of a compensated mean predictor and an adaptive two-level quantizer with backward estimation. In this system, the predictor is a sort of two-dimensional ARMA predictor in which a moving-average part is added to the conventional mean predictor. The quantizer adapts to the local statistics of its input without overhead information. To reduce annoying granular noise in the reconstructed image, Lee filter is used after reconstruction in the receiver.

The feature points of an image play a very important role in understanding the image. Especially, when an image is composed of lines, vertices of the image offer informations about its property and structure. In this paper, a series of process for extracting feature points from actual IC image is described. This result can be used to acquire CIF ( Caltech Intermediate Form ) file.

To transmit the image data at low rate, motion compensated(MC) hybrid coding scheme is used generally. In this scheme since coder performance could be decreased when scene change happens, another prediction method must be employed. In this paper we present two prediction methods. One is using the mean of neighboring block which was already transmitted. The others is estimating the current block with the neighboring blocks. When the proposed methods are applied to the conventional Me hybrid coding scheme, it is found that SNR gain of 7 dB is achieved and bit rate can be also reduced above 30%.

We present a very simple algorithm for reducing the encoding (codebook search) complexity of vector quantization (VQ), exploiting some features of a vector currently being encoded. A proposed VQ of 16 (=$4{\times}4$) vector dimension and 256 codewords shows a slight performance degradation of about 0.1-0.9 dB, however, with only 16 or 32 among 256 codeword searches, i.e., with just 1/16 or 1/8 search complexity compared to a full-search VQ. And the proposed VQ scheme is also compared to and shown to be a bit superior to tree-search VQ with regard to their SNR performance and memory requirement.

In this paper, we discussed the quantization technique in the DCT domain employing a vector quantizer (VQ), and described the relations between the DCT and the VQ. And, we introduced a zonal coding technique for the OCT coefficients based on the classified VQ technique proposed in [2]. We shall show that this technique reduced the coding complexity about 30% while maintaining the same image quality as shown in [2]. A result of simulation with a natural image is also presented.

Extraction of dept.h information from stereo image uses the matching process between them and this requires a lot of computational time. In this paper, a matching using the feature points on the epipolar line is presented to save the computations. Feature points are obtained in both image and correlated each other. With the coordinates of the matched feature points and camera geometry, the position and depth informations are identified.

The phase-only filter (POF) to the classical matched filter is compared for the criteria of discrimination, correlation peak, and optical efficiency in Korean alphabet. In addition, logarithmically scaled POF is presented to improve the recognition efficiency and this shows the superior performances in English alpanumeric characters to Korean.

A microprogrammable Bit Slice Sinal Processor for image processing is implemented. Processing speed is increased by the parallelism in horizontal microprogram using 120bits microcode, pipelined architecture, 2 bank memory switching that interfaces with the Host through DMA, a variable clock control, overflow checking H/W,look-up table method and cache memory. With this processor, a DCT algorithm which uses 2-D FFT is performed. The execution time for $512{\times}512{\times}8$ image is 12 sec when 16 bit operation is runned, and the recovered image has acceptable quality with MSE 0.276%.

Space domain image coding with VQ [9, 10, 11] has been very effective at low rates. To achieve quality at lower rates, it is necessary to exploit spaial redundancy over a larger region of pixels than is possible with general VQ. This paper presents a interframe coding algorithm which is capable of obtaining better performance and lower bi t rate than those of the general interframe coding. The performance is evaluated on the basis of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), memory requirements and bit rate.

2-D shape matching algorithm is proposed which uses pivot vector and componentwise adaptive convergence factor. It is proved that proposed algorithm has better result than any other algorithm. It is to be expected that this algorithm will work effectively in 3-D shape matching.

The problem of generating minimal area CMOS functional cell layout can be converted to that of decomposing the transistor connection graph into a minimum number of subgraphs, each having a pair of Euler paths with the same sequence of input labels on the N-graph and P-graph, which are portions of the graph corresponding to NMOS and PMOS parts respectively. This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm which yields a nearly minimal number of Euler paths from the path representation formula which represents the give a logic function. Subpath merging is done through a list processing scheme where the pair of paths which results in the lowest cost is successively merged from all candidate merge pairs until no further path merging and further reduction of number of subgraphs are possible. Two examples were shown where we were able to further reduce the number of interlaces, i.e., the number of non-butting diffusion islands, from 3 to 2, and from 2 to 1, compared to the earlier work [1].

This paper proposes a functional simulation algorithm which decrease the internal memory space and run time in simulation of VLSI. Flip-flop, register, ram, rom, ic and fun are described as functional elements in the simulator. Especially icf is made as new functional element by combining the gate and the functional element, therefore icf is used efficiently in simulation of VLSI. The proposed algorithm is implemented on PC-AT(MS-DOS) in by Prolog-1.

This paper proposes testable design of sequential NMOS PLAs. The extra bit lines and devices are added to the conventional PLAs. The time is taken to assigning devices in the extra bit lines, which is excessive in the conventional method, is reduced by using the symmetrical distance matrix of the PLA and the regular assigning method. As a result, the test patterns can be easily generated. Also, the silicon area overhead of extra hardware is low.

This paper proposes a design method for SCLA(sequential CMOS Domino Logic Array) using 1-level CMOS Domino Logic and Stable Shift Register Latch. Also an algorithm to generate a test sequence and a test procedure for the SCLA are presented. The SCLA has advantages of low power consumption, high density and high speed, and performs hazard-and race-free logic operation, because of using SSRL(Stable Shift Register Latch). By using the proposed test method, all of stuck-at, cross-point, stuck-on and stuck-open faults in SCLA are detected by short test sequence.

The ALU of CMOS microcomputer have been designed with the 3um design rule for CMOS polysilicon gate and Its cells were layed out. The operation of circuits were simulated with EDAS_P. The widths and lengths of gates In the circuit were determined using SPlCE. The carry delay of the ALU was Improved by Manchester carry method. The results of logic and circuit simulation were in good agreement with expected circuit characteristics.

To improve time delay produced in computation of trigonometric function by software method, the function generator was designed to compute the sine function with ROMs. Since the computation speed of trigonometric function can be improved by this ROM, it will be used in various parts required to scientific calculation-radar, FFT and signal processing etc.

This paper describes 16-point FFT processor using systolic array and its implementation into VLSI. Designed FFT processor executes FFT/IFFT arithmetic under mode control and consists of cell array, array controller and input/output buffer memory. For design for testibility, we added built-in self test circuit into designed FFT processor. To verify designed 16-point FFT processor, logic simulation was performed by YSLOG on MICRO-VAXII. From the simulation results, it is estimated that the proposed FFT processor can perform 16-point FFT in about 4400[ns].

This paper describes a hardware architecture called Edge Painting Machine for real time generation of scan line images for raster scan graphics display. The Edge Painting Machine consists of Scanline Processor which converts polygon data sorted in their depth priority into a set of scan line commands for each scan line, and Edge Painting Tree which converts the scanline commands set into a raster line image. Edge painting tree has been designed using combinational logic circuit. The designed circuit has been simulated to verify the proper functioning. A salient feature of the EPT is that hardware composition is simple, because each processor is constituted by only combinational logic circuit.

This paper described the design of register part, ROM and entire digital filter implementation by merging with ALU, control part last year. The register part consists of shift register, parallel load serial output register, multiplexer and selector, and we designed specially the 1024 memory cells ROM and decoder to decode the register data. Also, presented scaling algorithm to prevent the overflow.

The control part of one-chip microcomputer has been designed with the 3um design rule for CMOS poly silicon gate and Its cells were layed out. The operation of the logic circuits were simulated with EDAS_P. The widths and lengths of circuit were determined by using PSPICE. The control part of microcomputer has designed by using hardwired methode. Results of logic simulation and circuit simulation are in good agreements with expected circuit characteristics.

This paper proposes the self test method for 16 point FFT processor with systolic array architecture. To test efficiently and solve the increased hardware problems due to built-in self test, we change the normal registers into Linear Feedback Shift Registers(LFSR). LFSR can be served as a test pattern generator or a signature analyzer during self test operation, while LFSR a ordering register or a accumulator during normal operation. From the results of logic simulation for 16 point FFT processor by YSLOG, the total time is estimated in about. 21.4 [us].

This paper proposes a NAND-NAND logic sequential Programmable Logic Array (PLA) using CMOS technology, and test generation methods about stuck-open faults. By using LSSD (Level Sensitive Scan Design) method instead of Flip-Flops in Sequential PLA, the complex test problems of sequential logic are simplified. After generating the test sets using connection graph, regular test sequences and all transistor faults detection method in PLA are proposed. Finally, by programming these algorithms in PASCAL at VAX 8700 and adopting these to pratical CMOS Sequential PLA circuits, we proved the effectiveness of this design.

The buffer circuit having minimum delay time is designed and analyzed in this paper. Considering the parasitic components of the MOS transistor, the optimal transistor size ratio between the individual buffer stages is presented. This paper's result is better than that of the Mead and Conway's analysis [1] with respect to both delay time and total area that buffer occupies.

This paper proposes fault simulation algorithms for Domino CMOS circuits, The inputs having fanouts are described correctly in the algorithms by modeling the functional block in the Domino CMOS circuits as Modified dependency matrix. The proposed algorithms generate easily the test sequence which can detect the s-a-O, s-a-I, stuckopen faults in the Domino CMOS circuits.

The performance of SCF can be improved with the Op-AMP which has the properties of high speed, large slew rate, and lower power dissipation. The OP-AMP used for SCF will be presented. For illustration, using this OP-AMP 5-th order LPF is designed.

This paper describe the KUIC-CEX, an automated CMOS layout verification program which extracts circuit connectivity, MOSFET dimensions, and parasitic capacitance for CIF(1) file. In the KUIC-CEX, Bitmap approach(2, 3) is used for basic operation. Since the output of this program is the Input file format of PSPICE, we can easily verify the layout of circuit. This program is written in C language.

Two graphics simulators, SOFTGRA and RACA, have been developed. The SOFTGRA has been implemented by the scan line algorithm using 2 shading models with multi-light sources. The RACA is a ray casting simulator which produces shadowed images with realism. Above two simulators run on Sun micro system and MV10000 and produce image data which are transfered into IBM AT with Metheus' Omega graphics board and drawn there.

In this paper, we propose the algorithm for mask level simulation. The circuit parameters were extracted from the photomask data in format of bitmap. The extracted circuit parameter was transformed into the input file format of SPICE-16. And then the simulation of mask pattern data was carried out the SPICE-16. Thus the error operation of IC due to the mistake of photomask pattern could be prevented.

This paper describes the method to extract CIF(Caltech Intermediate Form) by the digital image processing techniques from the VLSI chip. It is possible to represent to the layout editing system. The resolution of the image is 512 512 and 12 bits.

This paper describes a special-purpose schematic editor program which is appropriate for Top-Down methodology of hierarchical logic design. The data structure which has capability to be shared with multi-level logic simulator is developed. For the purpose of efficient search, a new indexing method is designed. That is exponentially distributed one dimentional bin based on probability of presence of graphic elements.

In this paper, we give an overview of harmonious graphs and graceful graphs, identify the simply sequential and survey graceful graphs of wheels. Finally, we describe B-valuation of wheels which Can be used in graceful numbering.

This paper describes a new design rule checking system, PC-DRC, for CIF mask layout, which was written in C language on IBM PC/AT under DOS 3.0 environment. H/W devices and S/W utilities for PC-DRC is identical to that for PC-LADY[6], which makes PC-DRC an ideal post-processing routine for CIF file generated by PC-LADY. Various spurious errors were eliminated by ORing the input ClF data for each layer and the design rule errors were checked by edge based method on rectilinear polygon form. The detected errors are stored in CIF and displayed on CRT simultaneously.

This paper proposes a new test generation algorithm to detect stuck-open faults regardless of tine-skews in CMOS circuits. For testing for stuck-open faults regardless of time-skews, in this method, Hamming distance between the initialization pattern and the test pattern is made 1 by considering the responses of the internal gates. Therefore, procedure of the algorithm is simpler than that of the conventional methods because the line justification is unnecessary. Also, this method needs no extra hardware for testability and can be applied to random CMOS circuits in addition to two-level NAND - NAND CMOS circuits.

In this paper, a new state assignment method is proposed for the implementation of the area-effective control part. Introducing the, concept of adjacency matrix to control table generated by SDL(Symbolic Description Language) hardware compiler, a state assignment method is proposed with which minimal number of flip flops and effective number of product terms can be obtained to accomplish the area-effective implementation. Also, with substituting the assigned code to state transition table, boolean equations are obtained through 2-level logic minimization. Proposed algorithm is programmed in C-language on VAX-750/UNIX and b efficiency is shown by the practical example.

This paper is concerned with time delay modeling of ED MOS gates which takes into account the slope of input waveform as well as the load condition. Defining the delay time as the time required to charge/discharge the load to the physical reference level, the rise/fall delay times arc derived in an explicit formula in terms of the sum of optimally weighted current unbalances at two end points of voltage transition. The proposed model is computationally effective and the error is typically within 10% of the SPICE results.

A design methodology for front ends of a Direct Broadcasting satellite (DBS) Receiver for X-band was reported by utilizing Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) technology. The frequency converter including a three-stage low-noise amplifier, a image frequency rejection filter, and a mixer and buffer amplifier was designed by a Home-made CAD program. The results of computer simulation using the CAD program showed that overall gain was over 36.63dB, and noise figure below 2.55dB, respectively.

The major objective of this paper is the design of control unit based on the bit slice technique. The branch control unit is device that provides 16-way branch when used in conjuction with the Microprogram Sequencer. The Next address control unit is designed specifically for next address control of the Microprogram Sequencer.

A 4-bit parallel-series A/D converter has been designed using a new matrix circuit and breadboarded with transister array(TPQ2483). The simple matrix circuit is substituted for D/A converter and sebtracter-multiplier. The system has been simulated with SPICE. This converter is capable of operating at clock rate of 20MHz.

This paper proposes a gate and functional level logic simulator which can be run on XENIX O.S. The simulator has hierarchical structure including Hardware Description Language compiler, Waveform Description Language compiler, and Simulation Command Language compiler. The Hardware Description Language compiler generates data structure composed of gate structure, wire structure, condition structure, and event structure. Simulation algorithm is composed of selective trace and event-driven methods. To improve simulation speed, Cross Referenced Linked List Structure ia defined in building the data structure of circuits.

In the study for effective speech control we designed a personal computer system with A/D converter in which the speech signal is transformed by digital data displayed graphically on the moniter and with a D/A converter in which the digital data is transformed into speech signal which people can hear. We analyzed the character of the speech signal produced by the system. We designed the adaptive noise cancel algorithm so that noise and Interference are cancelled whenever the speech signal is recognized by the computer system. This is a basic system for artificial Intelligence.

A non-linear filtering for the noise cancelling of signals degraded by random impulsive noise is proposed. The non-linear algorithm is based on a criterion for the overall smoothness of the signal. The smoothness criterion is optimized by a dynamic programming strategy. It performs considerably better than a LDNF(low-distortion nonlinear filter), although being comparable in computing time.

The Scanning Acoustic Microscope(SAM) is an image device which can display the small opaque material or the interior of solid. This paper showed the design of the acoustic lens which is an important factor of the Scanning Acoustic Microscope, and analyzed the performance of the acoustic lens. Finally, I experimented the image processing of the interior of solid through the Scanning Acoustic Microscope and the change of the acoustic image (resolution,contrast) by the change of F/number.

Two gradient methods, steepest descent method and conjugate gradient descent method, are compar ed through application to vector linear predictors. It is found that the convergence rate of the conju-gate gradient descent method is much faster than that of the steepest descent method.

This paper proposes a new set of topological features (primitives) for use with a syntactic recognizer for high-accuracy recognition of printed alphanumeric characters. The recognition is accomplished on nine character groups, where each group has different combinations of four feature points. A skeleton enhancement eliminating isolated points and smoothing irregular points is developed. The tree automata processed in parallel enables the realization of high-recognition speeds and font-type independent recognition. The proposed character recognition system is tested for alphanumeric character fonts of dot matrix printer and plotter using IBM-PC/XT.

This paper describes the isolated word recognition using binary patterns denoting the presence or absence of a local peak at a particular channel. In closed test, 81.3% and 76.8% of correct recognition rate were achieved in case of 10 males and 10 females with each 1588 test samples.

Statistical information about spoken Korean was obtained. The data are the results of analyzing the Korean phonetic dictionary. This is one of the basic survey to make phoneme ballanced corpus of Korean Speech Data Base (KSDB).

The harmonies of the fundamental frequency in speech signal make a minute line spectrum in frequency domain. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to detect a pitch interval in voiced sound based on the fact that the number of harmonies can represent the period of the pitch in the time domain.

시간 영역에서 만들어진 음성신호의 파라미터을 이용하여 주어진 음성신호의 구간이 유성음, 무성음, 혹은 묵음인지를 분류하는 새로운 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 이에 사용한 파라미터은 구간내에서 샘플링된 값의 절대치 합과 일정한 level 이상의 peak의 합(T-peak), T-peak와 절대치 합의 비 그리고, DPCM의 절대치 합들이다. 이를 파라미터를 이용하여 간단히 유성음/무성음/묵음 구간을 분류 할였다. This paper proposes new algorithm for classifying speech signal frame into voiced, unvoiced, silence frame, using the parameters extracted from time domain behavior of speech signal The parameters used in this paper are absolute magnitude, the sum of peaks lager than reference level (T-peak), the ratio of T-peak to absolute magnitude and the magnitude of signal outputs of DPCM. Using this parameters, speech signal is more easily classified into voiced/unvoiced/silence frame.

본 실험에서는 nonlinear product average 법을 사용하여 에너지만을 parameter로 써서 음성구간을 순차적으로 검출할수 있음을 보였다.

In general, pseudo noise generator(PNG) used for PLR System consists of linear feedback shift register. Based on a W.F. representation of shift registers, a method for analyzing operational characters & sequence of PNG are studied. PNG is characterized by the time-recursive equation & PNG sequence is analyzed by the output state variable equation. Methods studied in this paper are illustrated by appropriate example.