Purpose: Currently, the number of mountain accidents and safety accidents during hiking is increasing due to the quantitative expansion of the hiking population after the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19), and the frequency of mountain accidents and safety accidents while hiking alone is increasing. Also, it is a situation that hiking is spreading in general like a trend among young people. The number of novice hikers visiting the mountain is increasing, and mountain accidents and safety accidents are increasing due to solo hiking. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reduce the increasing number of mountain safety accidents and to quickly locate and rescue valuable lives when mountain accidents and safety accidents occur during hiking. The research method is to provide a guide for safe hiking and to manufacture and activate a rescue device that enables rapid location by installing a rescue device in an environment where it is difficult to quickly rescue the injured due to difficulty in locating them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide basic data that can help rescues by proposing a signal system method that allows rescuers to easily locate and save lives in the event of mountain accidents and safety accidents

Purpose: Global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation exceeds two billion metric tons annually and is projected to rise by 70% by 2050. Landfilling, the most common disposal method, releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odorous substances that pose significant environmental and health risks. This study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the emission characteristics, influencing factors, and public health implications of VOCs and odorants emitted from landfills. Research design, data and methodology: A narrative review approach was applied, incorporating over 20 years of peer-reviewed literature and regulatory data. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to identify studies focused on emission sources, compound profiles, environmental factors, and health risk assessments. Results: The findings show that emissions are site-specific and influenced by waste composition, microbial activity, cover system integrity, and meteorological conditions. High-risk compounds including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and trichloroethylene-pose carcinogenic risks, while hydrogen sulfide and ammonia affect quality of life through odor-related stress. Leachate storage pools and dumping areas were identified as emission hotspots. Conclusions: The study concludes that a comprehensive landfill emission management strategy should integrate real-time monitoring, health risk assessment, and AI-based prediction tools to better inform zoning, mitigation, and policy decisions for public health protection.

Purpose : This study investigates the biochemical mechanisms and removal strategies for aging odor (2-Nonenal) and indoor air odor (VOCs, H2S, NH3). Both odor types share volatile aldehydes as key contributors, making them persistent and challenging to eliminate with conventional deodorization methods. While aging odor originates from lipid peroxidation in sebaceous glands, indoor air odor is primarily caused by microbial metabolism and environmental pollutants. This study aims to develop a bio-based odor removal strategy integrating plant-based antioxidants, marine bio-adsorbents, and microbial degradation technologies for long-term odor control. Research Design & Data : A qualitative, literature-based research approach was employed, incorporating a systematic review of peer-reviewed journals, patents, and industrial reports. The study utilizes comparative analysis to evaluate the persistence, chemical structure, and removal techniques of aging and indoor air odor. Bio-based solutions are explored, including polyphenol-rich plant extracts, fucoidan-based marine bio-adsorbents, and enzymatic microbial filtration systems. Research Results : The findings reveal that conventional deodorization methods, such as chemical masking agents and activated carbon filters, provide only temporary relief and fail to address the underlying biochemical reactions leading to odor formation. In contrast, bio-based solutions offer sustainable, long-term odor management, effectively neutralizing both aging odor and indoor air pollutants. Conclusion : By integrating plant antioxidants, marine bio-adsorbents, and microbial enzymatic degradation, this study proposes a holistic, eco-friendly odor removal system applicable to personal hygiene, indoor air quality, and elderly care environments. Future research should focus on experimental validation and real-world application testing to optimize and commercialize bio-based deodorization technologies..

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether shampoo containing lavender essential oil has a positive effect on improving problematic scalp. methodology: Subjects were branded with sensitive shampoo and lavender essential oil once daily for 4 weeks in a 9:1 ratio. Measurement and evaluation were performed once a week on the areas with the most severe inflammation and erythema after product use by a scalp professional, and a Likert 5-point scale was performed on the subjects as a subjective evaluation.. Results: The improvement of erythema and inflammation improved from the second week, and then very much after the fourth week. The degree of sensitivity scalability was 4.09 points for overall normality, followed by inflation (M=4.56), scalp condition (M=4.33), scalp cleanness and scalp erythema (M=4.22), beating (M=3.67), and heat improvement (M=3.56) in order (p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, shampoo products containing lavender essential oil were found to be very effective in improving sensitive scalp.

This systematic review examines how establishing a digital detox culture in workplace environments affects employee wellbeing and productivity. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed 15 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018-2025 across six major databases. Our findings identify key digital workplace stressors including information overload, technostress, and blurred work-life boundaries that significantly impact employee mental health and performance. Various digital detox approaches demonstrate positive outcomes, with effectiveness varying by implementation context and individual factors. Organizational strategies that combine clear digital communication policies, protected focus time, and customized wellness interventions show the most promise. The research reveals that structured digital detox initiatives can significantly reduce technostress, improve work-life balance, and enhance job satisfaction when tailored to specific organizational needs. Notably, successful implementations frame digital detox not as technology rejection but as establishing healthier technology relationships. Digital literacy and self-regulation abilities emerged as critical moderating factors influencing intervention effectiveness. Our analysis contributes to the emerging field of workplace digital wellness by proposing an evidence-based framework for sustainable digital wellbeing practices that balance technology's benefits with mindful disconnection. These findings have important implications for organizational policy development and workplace wellness program design in increasingly digital work environments, particularly as remote and hybrid models become standard practice following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: This study investigates how hospice and palliative care (HPC) are semantically and emotionally represented in global public discourse between 2020 and 2024. It aims to identify thematic trends, emotional dynamics, and ethical narratives that influence public understanding of end-of-life care across cultures. Research Data, Design & Methodology: The research is based on a corpus of over 500 multilingual records drawn from academic journals, policy documents, digital media, and online forums. Employing a multimethod big data approach, the study utilizes sentiment analysis tools, emotion classification, topic modeling (LDA), term weighting (TF-IDF), and semantic network analysis (NetworkX) to extract and visualize patterns in language and emotion. Research Results: Results indicate a clear discursive shift from clinical terminology to emotionally resonant language emphasizing "dignified death," "spiritual care," and "volunteer support." Positive sentiment increased from 52% to 67% over the study period, while negative sentiment declined. Semantic path modeling revealed structured narrative flows linking hospice concepts to autonomy and self-determination. Conclusion: The study concludes that HPC discourse is becoming more emotionally expressive, ethically structured, and culturally adaptive. These findings suggest that future policy and care models should integrate emotional intelligence, narrative framing, and public sentiment to build more inclusive and compassionate hospice systems.

Purpose: The role of the person placing an order under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the legal standards and effectiveness of the safety and health ledger system were analyzed. Research design, data and methodology: The role of the person placing an order under the Occupational Safety and Health Act is analyzed and presented through legal analysis. Results: In order to apply the part about the importance of the safety and health ledger system effectively, legal education is required to improve the safety awareness of the person placing an order and to properly understand the laws and regulations. Conclusions: The In order for the part of the importance of the safety and health ledger system to be applied effectively, continuous development is necessary to be given responsibility for education and safety and health

Some provisions of the Clean Air Conservation Act were enacted at a time when industrialization was accelerating, so it is difficult to properly reflect the current complex industrial site conditions. In particular, in the case of "the act of mixing clean air with pollutants exhausting from the emission facility to lower the level of pollution when operating the emission facility", which is prohibited under Article 31 (Operation of emission facilities and prevention facilities), the actor intentionally It can be applied even in situations where it is impossible to confirm whether the purpose is to lower the pollution level and whether the pollution level is actually lowered. This study aims to examine whether the level of pollution actually decreases when clean, unpolluted air is mixed with pollutants generated from emission facilities, thereby confirming the necessity of revising the Clean Air Conservation Act and suggesting directions for the enforcement of related laws.

Research purpose: This study aims to explore efficient methods for the execution of safety management expenses under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act. Research method: The study analyzes the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act, proposing various methodologies, including detailed planning of safety management expenses, IT-based management systems, expert collaboration, enhanced training and education, subcontractor management, and regular audits and evaluations. Research results: Efficient execution of safety management expenses requires establishing detailed plans tailored to each site's characteristics and clearly allocating budgets for each category. Conclusions: The study confirms that strategies such as prior planning, IT technology utilization, expert collaboration, enhanced education and training, subcontractor management, and regular audits can simultaneously achieve accident prevention and cost reduction.

Purpose: This study aims to improve the quality of risk assessment by strengthening the on-site operation of TBM (Pre-work Safety Inspection Meeting) at small and medium-sized construction sites. The purpose is to empirically analyze the effects of TBM system improvement on worker participation, risk factor awareness, and on-site inspection culture, and to derive effective settlement strategies. Research design, data and methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted using FGI (Focus Group Interview) with 30 managers and experienced workers at two construction sites (Company A and Company B) with a budget of less than 80 billion won. Discussions were induced on a total of eight questions focusing on differences before and after TBM improvement, risk assessment techniques, worker participation methods, and improvement ideas. Results: TBM participation rate increased from 50% to over 95%, and a worker-centered risk factor observation and confirmation culture was established. The recognition rate of priority grades before work increased, and risk assessment execution was improved through reflection on unintentional accidents and self-inspection among colleagues. Conclusions: TBM system improvement brought about positive results in all areas of risk assessment. In the future, quantitative effect analysis, reflection of psychological factors, and review of applicability to various scales of sites are necessary. Compensation, education, and publicity linkage strategies to induce worker participation should also be implemented.