DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Inhibition of lipid oxidation in refrigerated beef using multilayer encapsulated chitosan/gum arabic/polydextrose single-bulb garlic antioxidant

  • Vivi Nuraini (Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro) ;
  • Anang Mohamad Legowo (Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro) ;
  • Sri Mulyani (Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro) ;
  • Retno Adiwinarti (Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro)
  • 투고 : 2025.10.03
  • 심사 : 2026.03.16
  • 발행 : 2026.07.01

초록

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multilayer encapsulation of single-bulb garlic extract using a chitosan/gum arabic/polydextrose (MESG) system as a natural antioxidant in inhibiting oxidative damage in beef steak stored at refrigerator temperatures. Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the concentration of MESG (MESG-0%, MESG-4%, and MESG-8%), and the second factor was the observation day (day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15). The marinated meat samples were stored at chiller temperature (6℃) for 15 days, and then the samples were analyzed for antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, free fatty acid (FFA), pH, and fatty acid profile. Results: Physical analysis results indicated that the MESG displayed a complex, porous structure of MESG. The addition of MESG had a positive effect on the TBARS value, FFAs, and pH. Compared to the control (MESG-0%), MESG-4% and MESG-8% presented significantly (p<0.05) lower FFA levels and TBARS, while maintaining the stability of C20:4 ω6 (arachidonic acid) and C20:2 (eicosadienoic acid) during a 15-day storage period. The results showed a potential protective effect of the encapsulation method against lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage. Conclusion: This encapsulation technology is a strategic approach for preserving natural antioxidant quality, thereby extending shelf life and maintaining the quality of meat products, while also providing a viable alternative to synthetic preservatives.

키워드

과제정보

We acknowledge the financial support for this research (No 01251/BPPT/BPI.06/9/2023), by Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia (The Indonesian Education Scholarship), Pusat Pelayanan Pembiayaan dan Asesmen Pendidikan Tinggi (Center for Higher Education Funding and Assessment), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of Republic Indonesia, and Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (Endowment Fund for Education Agency), Ministry of Finance of Republic Indonesia.

참고문헌

  1. de Carvalho FAL, Lorenzo JM, Pateiro M, Bermúdez R, Purriños L, Trindade MA. Effect of guarana (Paullinia cupana) seed and pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf extracts on lamb burgers with fat replacement by chia oil emulsion during shelf life storage at 2°C. Food Res Int 2019;125:108554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108554
  2. Ribeiro JS, Santos MJMC, Silva LKR, et al. Natural antioxidants used in meat products: a brief review. Meat Sci 2019; 148:181-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.10.016
  3. Cunha LCM, Monteiro MLG, Costa-Lima BRC, et al. Effect of microencapsulated extract of pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel on color, texture and oxidative stability of refrigerated ground pork patties submitted to high pressure processing. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2018;49:136-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2018.08.009
  4. Bellucci ERB, Bis-Souza CV, Domínguez R, Bermúdez R, da Silva Barretto AC. Addition of natural extracts with antioxidant function to preserve the quality of meat products. Biomolecules 2022;12:1506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101506
  5. Fadhil KA, Suryati T, Jayanegara A. Comparison between natural and synthetic antioxidants in beef products: a meta analysis. J I Produksi Teknol Hasil Peternakan 2023;11:19-26. https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.11.1.19-26
  6. Nikmaram N, Budaraju S, Barba FJ, et al. Application of plant extracts to improve the shelf-life, nutritional and healthrelated properties of ready-to-eat meat products. Meat Sci 2018;145:245-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.031
  7. Nuraini V, Legowo AM, Mulyani S, Adiwinarti R. Exploration antioxidant properties of Indonesian local single-bulb garlic extract (Var. Temanggung) in a mixed solvent. J Food Sci Technol 2025;22:35-49. https://doi.org/10.22034/FSCT.22.160.35
  8. McClements DJ, Li F, Xiao H. The nutraceutical bioavailability classification scheme: classifying nutraceuticals according to factors limiting their oral bioavailability. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015;6:299-327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevfood-032814-014043
  9. Agustin DA, Wibowo AA. Encapsulation technology: techniques and applications. Distilat J Teknol Sep 2021;7:202-9. https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v7i2.210
  10. Steiner BM, McClements DJ, Davidov-Pardo G. Encapsulation systems for lutein: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018;82:71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.10.003
  11. Meng Q, Zhong S, Wang J, Gao Y, Cui X. Advances in chitosan-based microcapsules and their applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023;300:120265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120265
  12. Huang S, Liu J, Li G, Liu Y, Huang B, Li J. Effect of wall material on the structure and antioxidant activities of bamboo leaves flavonoid microcapsules. Sci Technol Food Ind 2021; 42:55-61. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021020043
  13. Kuhn F, de Azevedo ES, Noreña CPZ. Behavior of inulin, polydextrose, and egg albumin as carriers of Bougainvillea glabra bracts extract: rheological performance and powder characterization. J Food Process Preserv 2020;44:e14834. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14834
  14. Rezagholizade-shirvan A, Soltani M, Shokri S, Radfar R, Arab M, Shamloo E. Bioactive compound encapsulation: characteristics, applications in food systems, and implications for human health. Food Chem X 2024;24:101953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101953
  15. Wan J, Pei Y, Hu Y, et al. Microencapsulation of eugenol through gelatin-based emulgel for preservation of refrigerated meat. Food Bioprocess Technol 2020;13:1621-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-020-02502-0
  16. Tavares L, Noreña CPZ. Characterization of the physicochemical, structural and thermodynamic properties of encapsulated garlic extract in multilayer wall materials. Powder Technol 2021;378:388-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.009
  17. Komala PTH, Husni A. Extraction temperature effect on methanolic extract antioxidant activity of Eucheuma spinosum. J Pengolah Has Perikan Indones 2021;24:1-10. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i1.34193
  18. Houghton JE, Behnsen J, Duller RA, Nichols TE, Worden RH. Particle size analysis: a comparison of laboratory-based techniques and their application to geoscience. Sediment Geol 2024;464:106607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2024.106607
  19. Katsanidis E, Zampouni K. Development of a novel steam distillation TBA test for the determination of lipid oxidation in meat products. Foods 2023;12:359. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020359
  20. Barido FH, Jang A, Pak JI, Kim YJ, Lee SK. Combined effects of processing method and black garlic extract on quality characteristics, antioxidative, and fatty acid profile of chicken breast. Poult Sci 2022;101:101723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101723
  21. Ratnayake WMN, Hansen SL, Kennedy MP. Evaluation of the CP-Sil 88 and SP-2560 GC columns used in the recently approved AOCS official method Ce 1h-05: determination of cis-, trans-, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable or non-ruminant animal oils and fats by capillary GLC method. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2006;83:475-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-1230-y
  22. Wang M, Liu C, Luo X, Wu J, Li X. Effect of polydextrose on the cooking and gelatinization properties and microstructure of Chinese early indica rice. Gels 2025;11:171. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11030171
  23. Lai S, Cui Q, Sun Y, Liu R, Niu Y. Effects of particle size distribution on the physicochemical, functional, and structural properties of alfalfa leaf powder. Agriculture 2024;14:634. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040634
  24. Soenarno MS, Arifin M, Prabowo S, et al. Evaluation of acid value, free fatty acids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Chevon fat: a pre- and post-roasting comparison. J Anim Prod Process Technol 2024;12:101-4. https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.12.2.101-104
  25. Choe JH, Kim HY, Choi YS, et al. Effects of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) leaf ethanolic extracts on lipid oxidation and microbial activity in refrigerated raw ground pork. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011;31:865-71. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.6.865
  26. Locatelli DA, Nazareno MA, Fusari CM, Camargo AB. Cooked garlic and antioxidant activity: correlation with organosulfur compound composition. Food Chem 2017;220: 219-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.001
  27. Dvořáková M, Weingartová I, Nevoral J, Němeček D, Krejčová T. Garlic sulfur compounds suppress cancerogenesis and oxidative stress: a review. Sci Agric Bohem 2015;46:65-72. https://doi.org/10.1515/sab-2015-0018
  28. Mora L, Bolumar T, Heres A, Toldrá F. Effect of cooking and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the activity of generated bioactive peptides in aged beef meat. Food Funct 2017; 8:4347-55. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo01148b
  29. Wu G, Farouk MM, Clerens S, Rosenvold K. Effect of beef ultimate pH and large structural protein changes with aging on meat tenderness. Meat Sci 2014;98:637-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.010
  30. Chen J, Yan Y, Zhang L, et al. Purification of novel antioxidant peptides from myofibrillar protein hydrolysate of chicken breast and their antioxidant potential in chemical and H2O2- stressed cell systems. Food Funct 2021;12:4897-908. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1fo00579k
  31. Zhu Y, Lao F, Pan X, Wu J. Food protein-derived antioxidant peptides: molecular mechanism, stability and bioavailability. Biomolecules 2022;12:1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111622
  32. Nurwantoro, Bintoro VP, Legowo AM, Purnomoadi A, Setiani BE. Garlic antioxidant (Allium Sativum L.) to prevent meat rancidity. Procedia Food Sci 2015;3:137-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.014
  33. Al-Rubeii AMS, Al-Kaisey MT, Khadom MJ. Effect of some natural and synthetic antioxidants on ground beef meat during cold storage. Alex J Food Sci Technol 2009;6:1-16.
  34. Barbosa ACS, Mendes PS, Mattos G, et al. Comparative analysis of the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants in chicken meat: an update review. Braz J Biol 2023;83:e275539. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275539
  35. Park SY, Chin KB. Effect of fresh garlic on lipid oxidation and microbiological changes of pork patties during refrigerated storage. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014;34:638-46. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.5.638
  36. Naranjo-Durán AM, Quintero-Quiroz J, Rojas-Camargo J, Ciro-Gómez GL. Modified-release of encapsulated bioactive compounds from annatto seeds produced by optimized ionic gelation techniques. Sci Rep 2021;11:1317. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80119-1
  37. Almayda N, Masruri M, Safitri A. Effectiveness of using gum Arabic for co-microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Tithonia diversifolia extracts as encapsulating agent and release studies. Scientifica 2024;2024:9097238. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9097238
  38. Leung HH, Yau YF, Leung KS, et al. Garlic supplementation modified enzymatic omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation in mild hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2019;121:1900069. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201900069
  39. Zhao X, Wu S, Ren C, et al. Revealing the mechanism of protein degradation in postmortem meat: the role of phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Foods 2025;14:184. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14020184
  40. Du M, Zhao K, Chen A, et al. Inhibitory mechanisms of lipoxygenase by garlic sulfides: "adsorption-embolism" effect of DAS and DADS and "quasi-domain-separation" effect of DATS and Allicin. Int J Biol Macromol 2025;304:140874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140874