벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제20권4호
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  • Pages.79-93
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  • 2025
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  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
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  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

기술집약형 중소·중견기업의 기술역량이 기술혁신과 성과에 미치는 영향: 기술이전 유형의 조절효과를 중심으로

Effects of Technological Capabilities on Technological Innovation and Performance in Technology-Intensive SMEs and Medium-Sized Firms: The Moderating Role of Technology Transfer Types

  • 신영애 (충북대학교 지식재산전문인력양성센터 ) ;
  • 임달호 (충북대학교 국제경영학과) ;
  • 김희종 (충북대학교 지식재산스마트융합학과 ) ;
  • 조창삼 (충북대학교 지식재산스마트융합학과)
  • 투고 : 2025.07.10
  • 심사 : 2025.08.22
  • 발행 : 2025.08.31
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초록

본 연구는 기술집약형 중소·중견기업을 대상으로 기업의 기술역량이 제품혁신과 공정혁신에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고, 이러한 기술혁신이 기업성과로 이어지는 경로를 규명하였다. 아울러 기술이전 유형(라이선싱, 기술구매)이 기술역량과 기술혁신 간의 관계에 미치는 조절효과를 검토함으로써, 기술이전 방식의 전략적 활용 가능성과 외부 기술도입의 효과성을 수요기업 관점에서 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기술이전 경험(라이선싱, 기술구매)이 있는 기술집약 산업 내 중소·중견기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 구조방정식모형(SEM)과 SPSS PROCESS Macro를 활용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 기술역량은 제품혁신과 공정혁신 모두에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 제품혁신과 공정혁신도 기업성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 분석에서는 기술구매는 기술역량과 제품혁신 간의 관계를 강화하는 반면, 라이선싱은 해당 관계를 약화하는 것으로 나타났다. 반대로 공정혁신의 경우에는 라이선싱이 기술역량과의 관계를 강화하는 조절효과를 보였으며, 기술구매는 오히려 그 관계를 약화하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기술역량이 기업의 기술혁신과 경영성과에 핵심적인 역할을 하며, 기술이전의 방식이 그 효과를 조절할 수 있다는 점에서 기술도입 전략의 정합성과 기술이전 정책의 수요자 중심 설계의 필요성을 뒷받침하는 실증적 증거를 제공하였다.

This study empirically analyzed the effects of technological capability on product technological innovation and process technological innovation in technology-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), and examined how these technological innovation activities lead to firm performance. Furthermore, it explored whether the type of technology transfer(licensing vs. technology purchase) moderates the relationship between technological capability and technological innovation. By focusing on the strategic utilization of technology transfer methods and the effectiveness of external technology adoption, the study aimed to provide implications from the perspective of SMEs. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on SMEs in technology-intensive industries with prior experience in technology transfer(licensing or technology purchase). Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) and SPSS PROCESS Macro were employed to test the hypotheses. The analysis results revealed that technological capability had a significant positive effect on both product technological innovation and process technological innovation, and that these technological innovations positively influenced firm performance. The moderation analysis further showed that technology purchase strengthened the relationship between technological capability and product technological innovation, while licensing weakened this relationship. Conversely, in the case of process technological innovation, licensing strengthened the relationship, whereas technology purchase weakened it. These findings highlight the pivotal role of technological capability in driving technological innovation and firm performance, and demonstrate that the effectiveness of technology transfer can be moderated by the method of transfer. Accordingly, the study provides empirical evidence emphasizing the need for precision in technology adoption strategies and the importance of designing technology transfer policies with a demand-oriented perspective.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 2025년 특허청과 한국발명진흥회가 지원하는 지식재산중점대학사업비의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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