KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
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Spatial Inequality in Night Bus Accessibility by Housing Types in Seoul

서울시 주거 유형에 따른 심야버스 접근성의 불균형 분석

  • Kim, Moon Jeong (Seoul National University of Science&Technology) ;
  • Kim, Si Gon (Seoul National University of Science&Technology)
  • 김문정 (서울과학기술대학교 철도경영정책학과) ;
  • 김시곤 (서울과학기술대학교 철도경영정책학과)
  • Received : 2025.05.09
  • Accepted : 2025.05.21
  • Published : 2025.06.01
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Abstract

Since 2013, Seoul has operated a late-night bus service, known as the "Owl Bus," to improve mobility during nighttime hours for its residents. The service was designed based on demand forecasting using mobile communication-based floating population data and has shown high ridership levels since its introduction, receiving recognition as a successful public policy. However, the route design has primarily focused on commercial districts, raising concerns about accessibility and equity for residential neighborhoods. This study empirically analyzes spatial disparities in late-night bus accessibility across different residential types in Seoul. Residential areas were categorized into apartment-type, non-apartment-type, and vulnerable housing types using building registry data. A 500-meter walkable buffer was established around each late-night bus stop to define the accessible area. Within this range, the number of residential buildings by type was calculated. Accessibility ratios were then compared across districts, and the relative difference in accessibility was quantified using a "Coverage Rate Gap" metric. The results indicate that the average accessibility rate in Seoul was 66.5 %, with district-level values ranging from 34.6 % (Nowon-gu) to 98.1 % (Jung-gu). Notably, in Seongdong-gu, the accessibility gap between housing types reached up to 30 percentage points, suggesting that differences in accessibility are influenced not only by housing type but also by district-level geographic conditions.

서울시는 2013년부터 시민의 심야 시간대 이동 편의를 보장하기 위해 심야버스('올빼미버스') 를 도입하였다. 이는 통신 기반 유동인구 데이터를 활용한 수요 예측에 따라 설계되었으며, 도입 초기부터 높은 이용률을 기록하며 정책적 성과를 인정받았다. 그러나 이러한 노선 설계는 상업지 중심의 노선 배치를 유도해, 주거지에 대한 접근성 및 형평성 측면에서 검토가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시의 주거 유형별 심야버스 접근성의 공간적 불균형을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 건축물대장을 활용하여 주거지를 아파트형, 비아파트형, 취약주거형으로 분류하였다. 이후 각 심야버스 정류장을 중심으로 반경 500 m의 도보 접근 가능 범위를 설정하여 해당 범위 내 주거 유형별 건축물 수를 산정하였다. 자치구 단위로 접근성 비율을 비교하고, 상대적 접근성 차이를 '커버리지율 격차(Coverage Rate Gap)'로 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 서울시 평균 접근성은 66.5 %로 나타났으며, 자치구별로는 최소 34.6 %(노원구)에서 최대 98.1 %(중구)까지 편차가 나타났다. 특히 성동구의 경우 주거 유형 간 접근성 격차가 최대 30 %에 달해, 이는 주거 유형뿐 아니라 자치구에 따라 접근성 수준이 현저히 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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